Population Pyramid – Australia’s Age Structure (ABS): 2008 2024 2040 2056 Andrew Campbell, Mark McSweeney, Zdravko Knezic Supported by Mr. Bernard Salt (Industry Mentor) Aged Care Facilities Australia’s Looming Demographic Shift and the Strategic Gap for Melbourne Property Developers In 2007 – People aged over 65 years made up 13% of Australia‟s population In 2056 – People aged over 65 years will make up 25% of Australia‟s population Ageing-in-place highly favourable Escalating client expectations Higher levels of affluence among the Baby Boomers “Lifestyle” over “Retirement” Appropriate and adaptable housing design critical Sector not as specialised as is perceived Aged care sector to quadruple by 2050 (Productivity Report) Demand for Hybrid Developments encompassing both Independent Living Arrangements and High Care Facilities Two distinct markets – Adaptable Independent Living Arrangements and High Care Facilities The future of large „Super Suite‟ room types in high rise developments Development Opportunities Demographic Shift & Baby Boomers School of Property Construction and Project Management 65yrs
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Population Pyramid – Australia’s Age Structure (ABS):
2008 2024 2040 2056
Andrew Campbell, Mark McSweeney, Zdravko Knezic
Supported by Mr. Bernard Salt (Industry Mentor)
Aged Care Facilities
Australia’s Looming Demographic Shift and the
Strategic Gap for Melbourne Property Developers
In 2007 – People aged over 65 years
made up 13% of Australia‟s population
In 2056 – People aged over 65 years will
make up 25% of Australia‟s population
Ageing-in-place highly favourable
Escalating client expectations
Higher levels of affluence among the
Baby Boomers
“Lifestyle” over “Retirement”
Appropriate and adaptable housing design critical
Sector not as specialised as is perceived
Aged care sector to quadruple by 2050 (Productivity
Report)
Demand for Hybrid Developments encompassing both
Independent Living Arrangements and High Care Facilities
Two distinct markets – Adaptable Independent Living
Arrangements and High Care Facilities
The future of large „Super Suite‟ room types in high rise
developments
Development Opportunities Demographic Shift & Baby Boomers
School of Property Construction and Project Management
65yrs
The effect of carbon tax on the construction industry
• Our study aims to
investigate the effect of
carbon tax on the
construction industry.
• In the past there have been
many studies conducted on
climate change, however,
many have not been
focused as the effect
carbon tax on the
construction industry.
• We are researching this
topic to fill this research
gap.
School of Property Construction and Project Management
Summarizing from our
detailed analyses, a
conceptual framework
of the effect of carbon
tax on the construction
industry is presented
•permits •permits
Effect of carbon tax on construction industry
European
Union
(except U.K.)
United
Kingdom
South Africa Asia
Facts:
•Companies likely
to pass
associated costs
onto successive
purchasers
•Take advantage
to make profits
•Effect of tax
weakened by
granting
excessive permits
Facts:
•Employment and
GDP to rise
•Continuous
questioning about
the wordings of
the regulation
•Behavioural
change should be
complimented by
cultural change
Rumours:
•Operate like a
revenue-raising
scheme
•Carbon price will
reach rocket high
if not being
capped by the
government
•Higher tax rate
to suppress
carbon demand
Rumours:
•The whole sector will
be worsen-off as a
result of carbon tax
•Current discussions
ignored the likely
effect of the tax on the
industry
•Comprehensiveness
and adequacy of the
future legislation are
questionable
Facts:
• India:
Construction on
cost increased
due to the
increase of
material costs
•Being forced by
the developed
countries to take
real action
Rumours:
•Damage the
economic
strength and
subsequently
affect world-wide.
•Using
‘Effectiveness of
the carbon tax
policy has yet to
be justified’ as an
excuse
Implications to Australia:
1. Construction activities could increase due to the advancement of green technology and changes of construction materials and
methods.
2. Delegating emissions law more carefully to avoid mission drift
3. Loop holes of the carbon tax legislation should be filled up.
4. Carbon tax may cripple the investment in property construction
5. Further education is required to achieve the perceived outcomes
John Nguyen s3173044
Nicholas Lacarruba s3195800
William Papaspiros s3041286
Adam Bray s3162431
The effect of climate change on the trend of construction research
• Through a critical review of 290 papers published in the ERA ranked journals in Category 1202 Building,
we seek to investigate the effect of climate change on the trend of construction research.
– Relevant research papers from 35 international journals were reviewed.
– This may be the first-ever comprehensive literature review study on this topic in Australia.
• Summarizing the previous research outputs and linking them with the area of further
research, the conceptual framework of the effect of climate change on the trend of
construction research is prepared and shown in the above figure.
School of Property Construction and Project Management
• The figure depicts that an
assortment of researches in [1]
the use of building materials {2}
energy/emission consumption
reduction for further buildings [3]
seeking alternative design
methods [4] establishment of
performance
measurement/monitoring systems
[5] policy related issues had been
undertaken by the construction
researchers. Yet, further research
studies should be done in order to
comprehend the study. The
related suggestions can be found
in our final report.
Dominic Ross s3191237
William Hughes s3201793
Damon Kaine s3199479
Daniel Salera s3203544
Predictions of operational use are feasible but prediction will
• Waste Materials Usage • Geo-polymer technology provides the potential for the utilisation of waste materials and processing of
by-products that would otherwise be useless in the manufacturing process of Portland cement and would be disposed of in landfill.
• Fly ash (produced in black coal fired power stations) is a waste material that can be used to replace Portland cement. It is significant to both the Australian mining and construction industries, due to the abundance of coal fired power stations operating in the country.
• Carbon Emissions Reduction • The major advantage of Geo-polymer concrete over traditional Portland cement is the lower rate of
CO2 emissions . For instance, Portland cement production contributes between 5 to 10% of global CO2 emissions. Therefore, by substituting Portland cement with geo-polymer concrete, the CO2 emissions relating to binder manufacturing would potentially be reduced by 80% or more.
• If Portland cement was entirely replaced by geo-polymer concrete, it is predicted that current global CO2 emissions would be reduced by approximately 4 to 8%
• Strength • Geo-polymer concrete is slightly stronger in compression than traditional Portland cement concrete and
the type of curing affects at what stage this occurs. Research has also shown positive association with tensile and flexural strength. As well as the benefit of being environmentally friendly, it is important that Geo-polymer concrete is up to the same standard as Portland cement concrete to evolve into the market. With further studies and tests, it is likely there will be more benefits and innovation in its structural components in the future.
• Durability • It has been found that Geo-polymer concrete has a greater durability than Portland cement, as well as
a reduced carbon footprint resulting from zero cement content. In comparison to ordinary Portland cement, these greater engineering properties include high compressive strength, greater resistance to acid attack and fire (up to 1320⁰C), and low shrinkage creating a more durable product than ordinary Portland cement.
• Barriers • Geo-Polymer Concrete faces many barriers including an industry that restricts change, statutory issues
(Australian Standard Compliance), a lack of experienced contractors, cost pressures and proven long term certainty.
• This shows the high percentage of carbon emissions from concrete production that are a direct result of the Portland cement component.
School of Property Construction and Project Management
Industry Expert – Don Wimpenny Lukasz Kuder Steven Cahill Research Mentor – Koorosh Gharehbaghi Georgie Ellis Paul Nanas
Is there a future for Geo-Polymer Concrete in the Australian Construction Industry?
Diagram 1 - % of CO2 emissions in Concrete
Ref: Prusinski, et al
Ref: Concrete Institute of Australia
Diagram 2 – Total emissions comparison • This shows the amount of carbon emissions
produced per tonne of product in a real life example in Victoria. The emissions from the Geo-polymer concrete are significantly less.
• Research Objective • The objective of this research project is to explore the future of Geo-polymer concrete in the Australian construction
industry and determine the likelihood that Geo-polymer concrete will lead the industry towards a lower-emissions future.
• Conclusion and Recommendations • Geo-polymer concrete does present itself as a suitable low carbon alternative to Portland based concrete. • The use of Geo-polymer concrete would significantly reduce Australia and indeed the worlds carbon emissions. • We recommend that any further study look further into the effects of the proposed carbon-taxation scheme and how this
may effect cost and uptake in the construction materials sector.
Green Star and NABERS
characteristics and challenges
School of Property Construction and Project Management
Robert Catoggio • Alix Muir�Smith • Carl Naidoo • Clay Tuckett • Michael Woods
Buildings
performance
assessed on
nine
categories
Obsolescence
of prior Green
Star versions
due to change
of rating
Measures potential
performance of a
buildings design
Cost of
Obtaining Rating
Environmental
building rating tool
developed and
administered by the
Green Building
Council Australia
(GBCA)
Lack of Recycled
Materials in the Market
Difficult for existing
buildings to achieve
six star rating
Measures
actual
performance
of a building
in operation
Purchasing
renewable
energy helps
increase star
rating
Environmental building
rating tool developed
and administered by the
NSW Office of
Environment &
Heritage
Buildings
performance
assessed on
four
categories
Lack of
transparency on
assessment
frameworkGreen Star
NABERS
RESEARCH COMPLETED BY: MICHAEL BRINE, JACK LYNCH, STEVEN LIDGERWOOD AND JOEL KEOGH
SCHOOL OF PROPERTYCONSTRUCTION ANDPROJECT MANAGEMENT
HERITAGE CONSERVATIONIS IT OUTDATED?
CAN ENDORSING MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES IN HERITAGE CONSERVATION BE BENEFICIAL TO THE BUILDING INDUSTRY?
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
The research aimed to find whether there are any benefits to the building industry through the endorsement of modern construction techniques in heritage conservation. Community sentiment and the continued deterioration of heritage buildings has drawn attention to the issue of heritage conservation.
“93% of Australian’s strongly believed that heritage aids the formation of Australian identity” (The Allen Consulting Group, 2005)
A theory was developed through identifying patterns and links between global, national and local literature, and the case study. The current capacities and limitations of the heritage sector were highlighted.
CASE STUDY
The Ballarat Town Hall, a $1.85 million façade restoration project, was undertaken by The City of Ballarat and completed in December 2010. Some of the issues encountered throughout this project include:
• Previous rendering works had resulted in deterioration of the masonry due to incompatible materials
• Difficulty in sourcing appropriate and traditional skilled labour including, renderers, stonemasons and blacksmiths
• Difficulty in sourcing traditional materials included spun glass for the face of the clock tower
CONCLUSION
The research has concluded that the building industry can benefit from modern techniques and materials in heritage conservation. If adequate planning and research is undertaken, benefits maybe seen through time, cost and quality improvements. However, further research is necessary to fully understand these benefits and limitations.
SUGGESTED FURTHER RESEARCH
• Case studies on heritage projects and analysis contrasting ‘like-for-like’ methods and modern techniques to identify problems and successes
• Reasons behind lack of training in heritage conservation
• Material compatibility studies to better understand the properties and behaviour of different materials
KEY FINDINGS
Benefits:• Ability to alleviate the current skills shortage problem
• Industry participant capacity improved
• Achieving improved cost and time certainty
• Reduced energy usage and increased sustainability of buildings
Limitations:• Uncertainty regarding material
compatibility
• Potential loss of historical
significance
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How Productive is your office?
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AHU
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AHU
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Bicycle Storage
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GREEN ROOF TOP AREA These areas are places for employee's to relax, eat lunch and escape the office.
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CENTRALISED AIR CONDITIONING Produces 1.3 Million Black Balloons per annum for the average office building
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THERMAL COMFORT False roofing reduces the ability of the concrete slab to naturally cool/heat the building as temperature gets trapped in the ceiling space increasing reliance upon HVAC systems.
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WATER RECYCLING Roof top space can be used to collect water than can be used for toilets, hand basins, showers etc.
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It's soo HOT in here!!!
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I Can't See anything!!!
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LIGHTING Lack of lighting or over exposure to light can change the mood of people working in that environment often resulting in a decrease in productivity.
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Friday Night Drinks!!!!
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TASK LIGHTING Optimal lighting set up's will include a mixture of general lighting and passive day lighting. Task lighting is provided at the work surface where required.
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ANTI GLARE FACADE Use of anti glare windows on the facade reduces bright light transmission.
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CHILLED BEAM -Reduce Draft -Increase IEQ -Individual temperature control - Consistent Temperatures
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What a CHILLED boss I am..
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His jokes get worse every year..
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Won't be needing these Ray Bans with all this anti glare stuff they installed!
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School of Property Construction & Project Management
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Since riding to work, my wife thinks I'm less grumpy!
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TO LET 4000m2 Office Space - 6 Star Green Star Building - No electricity or water costs - $40,000 saving in productivity gains
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TO LET 3500m2 Office Space - 3 Star Green Star Building - All outgoing's paid quarterly - Lump sum contract only
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Snow?
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Where's the snuggies?!!?!
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This space is costing a fortune to run!!
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OFFICE SPACE DESIGN Poor Internal layouts increase noise, reduce air flow and increase sickness levels.
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COST Unsustainable offices on the face of it are often cheaper to rent. But more expensive to run due to overheads and loss of worker productivity.
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Why won't anyone rent my office space!
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OCCUPANY RATES More and more buildings are going green, leaving poorly maintained office areas vacant.
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GREEN INITIATIVES
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GREEN LEASE - Enhance Reputation - Reduce Environmental Impact - Attract & Retain skilled employees - Enhance wellbeing and productivity
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NATURAL VENTILATION Better use of natural cooling and heating using outdoor air reduces: - Headaces - Cold & Flu - Allergies - Increases productivty
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OCCUPANCY RATES Tenants are more likely to stay on for longer periods of time in greener office spaces.
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CONCLUSION Research has shown that buildings with green features that increase occupant comfort levels and reduce reliance upon mechanical systems to heat and cool space have and increase in productivity. The effect of going green is all but happening as the industry moves forward with new and innovative products always forcing change. Not only that but also shown in the research is a knowledge gap which exists within the industry to adopt new technology such as BIM which has shown positive results in a reduction of material wastage in case study research conducted.
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FINDINGS 1 - The ability to adopt sustainable features in either new or existing buildings will reduce office sickness related problems (mental and physical), improve employee satisfaction and increase productivity. - 2- BIM is currently not the tool of choice for Australian Builders and Designers. Opting rather for traditional methods of design and construct.
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RESEARCH QUESTION(S) 1- Does the influence of sustainable design increase productivity and effect the bottom line through lower operational costs within office buildings? - 2- Is Building Information Modelling a useful tool for increased sustainable design in office buildings?
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IS GREEN IS GOOD!
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INCREASED EMPLOYEE WELLBEING
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GROUP: Suellen Tsourlenes Philip Bardis Stephen Sarris Dean Sarris Clare Solomon SUPERVISOR: Geoff Outhred MENTOR: Mark Ross (KADOR)
THE INFLUENCES OF WEB BASED COLLABORATION TOOLS ON PROJECT PRODUCTIVITY
School of Property Construction and Project Management
Typical Project Administration Problems
Inefficient Information Management
Solution
Results
Early Project Delivery Cost Reduction Better Quality Construction
Collaboration
v NOR FAUZAN DAUD v MINH TAM ONG v WUI HONG ONG
Introduction
Ø How do web based collaboration tools
influence construction productivity?
Conclusion and Recommendation
Ø Administration efficiency (fast
communication, information sharing, storing
system) are the main factor contributing to
project productivity
Ø Limitations exist in training, security and
server down time
Ø It is recommended for use in construction
industry to improve time, cost and quality of
project
Discussion Ø Time and cost savings are achieved
through web based collaboration tools
Ø The administration efficiency is the major
improvement to project productivity
Methodology
Ø Questionnaire Survey
Ø Interviews
Ø Supporting Documents
Literature Review “Of all the applications of the Internet in
the design professions, none has more
wide- ranging significance than Web-
based project management. It offers the
potential to establish a seamless flow of
project based information from player to
player, over a project’s entire life
cycle.” (Scott, 2005)
C.D. Information Management system
School of Property Construction and Project Management
WHAT ARE POST OCCUPANCY TOOLS?
� Sustainability tools which assess a building’s
sustainability output once occupants have
occupied a building.
ASSESSMENT OF OFFICE BUILDINGS USING POST
OCCUPANCY SUSTAINABILITY TOOLS
Green Star NABERS LEED BREEAM
LAUNCH DATE 2003 2000 1998 1990
WHY DO WE REQUIRE SUCH A TOOL?
� To ensure buildings are maintaining the same
level of sustainability and efficiency that they
were originally accredited with.
� To increase public and industry confidence in
sustainability by providing post occupancy
evaluations on sustainable buildings.
IS THIS THE ONLY ASSESSMENT TOOL?
� No, these tools only cover the post occupancy
phase of sustainability evaluation. An evaluation
of sustainable design and the construction phase
LAUNCH DATE 2003 2000 1998 1990
COUNTRY OF
ORIGIN
Australia Australia United
States
United
Kingdom
RATING SYSTEM 1 – 7 Star 1 – 6 Star - Certified
- Silver
- Gold
- Platinum
- Pass
- Good
- Very Good
- Excellent
- Outstanding
POE POSSIBLE Yes Yes Yes Yes
ACCREDITATION/
CERTIFICATION
BASED ON
GBCA
certified
assessment
NABERS
accredited
assessment
Certified
LEED
assessment
Certified
BREEAM
assessment
Nancy Mikhail I John Rebershak I Matthew Bergonzo I Joel Nathan Ryan
of sustainable design and the construction phase
should also be implemented . BASED ON assessment
(Design and
As Built
Documents)
assessment
(Actual
performance)
assessment
(Design
documents)
assessment
(Design
documents)
WHEN CAN
RATING BE
ACHIEVED
During
design or
construction
phase
Post
occupancy
(12 months)
During
design
phase
During
design
Phase
What are the major restrictions BIM faces in gaining widespread use within the construction industry?
School of Property Construction and Project Management
William Debney s3197242 Peter Ancona s3201048 Benjamin Power s3200047 Joseph Ramsden s3201329
Research Methodology Three phase process used to collect and analyse data. Throughout the process, the five major stakeholders identified, will have their data analysed separately, to gain each perspective.
Stage 1 - Surveys/Questionnaires • Easily distributed too usedl in gaining large amount of primary
data. • Used to flag the major restrictions faced. • Data gained will be used throughout the next stages. Stage 2 - Interviews • One on one tailored questions to gain optimal responses. • Data from stage 1 utilized in lines of questioning. • Qualitative information. Stage 3 - Focus Groups • ‘Round table’ discussions between all key industry stakeholders. • Validation of data gained in the previous stages. • Ranking of BIM restrictions from minor to major.
BIM
Client
Architect / Engineer
Contractor Manufacturer / Supplier
Software Developer
Introduction • Building Information Modeling is defined by the US
General Services Administration as the use of a multi faceted computer software data model to not only document a building design, but to simulate the construction and operation of a facility.
• Gradually replacing the 2D or 3D CAD technology. • There has been limited efforts in systematically defining
BIM concepts as a framework for theory and implementation.
Client
Architect / Engineer
Contractor Manufacturer / Supplier
Software Developer
Figure 1 depicts a traditional procurement model in which there is no collective communication tool. Each stakeholder must communicate directly with one another, being time consuming and inefficient.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Five Key Stakeholders The five key BIM stakeholders identified in the construction industry are: 1. Client 2. Architect / Engineer 3. Contractor 4. Manufacturer / Supplier 5. Software Developer These stakeholders all face significant restrictions in the widespread implementation of BIM. Some restrictions are common across stakeholder groups.
We're getting everything out of
BIM that we believe it can
provide us 3%
We're getting a lot of value from BIM but believe there is more to
be gained 45%
We're just scratching the surface of how much BIM can
provide us 48%
We're getting no meaningful value
from BIM 4%
Level of Business Value of BIM
Hypothesized Major Restrictions Amongst Stakeholders
1. Client • Training required to use BIM software packages. • Access to the software.
2. Architect / Engineer • Concerns over intellectual property and shared information. • Compatibility across many differing systems and processes used by
other organizations involved. 3. Contractor • Time associated with training employees to use the software. • Changes to business practices. • Financial implications of purchasing software and licensing.
4. Manufacturer / Supplier • No standard for coding across the industry. • Small profit margins means less disposable funds to use on
investing in BIM software.
5. Software Developer • Concerns regarding future marketability of software created. • Costs associated with developing software. Source: McGraw – Hill
Construction 2009
V I R T U A L T E A M S
Motivation:
It has been identified that the primary causes of the construction industry’s poor
performance are its ineffective communication practices, its organisation
fragmentation, and lack of integration between design and production processes.
(Dainty et al. 2006)
Factors To Be Considered:
THE PROPOSAL
Further Research: Gathering primary data through case studies and questionnaires
to identify the factors that affect effective implementation of virtual teams within the
Australian Construction Industry.
Decision Framework: Providing companies with a set of questions or directives to
aid in a decision to implement Virtual Teams
School of Property Construction and Project Management
Luke Bearzatto, Steven Collins, Callum Jenkins, Nick Corp
‘What factors should be considered when using Virtual
Teams during the design and planning stage of a
construction project?’
• Human Resources • Change Management • Virtual Team Structures