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Research Methods in Computing
and TechnologyCT098-3.5-2
Survey
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CT098-3.5-2 Research Methods in Comput ing Techno!ogy 02 Research "i terature Searches
Topic & Structure of the lesson
• #mpirica! Research
• $uestionnaire % Survey
•
&ey issues in considering survey research• Types o' (uestionnaire
• )esigning individua! (uestions
– Types o' (uestions – "ayout o' (uestionnaire
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Learning Outcomes
*t the end o' this topic+ you shou!d ,e a,!e to
• nderstand the need 'or empirica! research
•
/denti'y ey issues invo!ved in survey %(uestionnaire
• &no1 the types o' (uestionnaires % surveys
• )esign a typica! (uestionnaire % survey 'or
your 'ina! year proect
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#mpirica! Research
• athering data 'rom the 1or!d ,eyond the
university 4 the so-ca!!ed rea! 1or!d
• Research that 'inds out 'rom the 1or!d and
provides eperience that the researcher %
deve!oper can use to achieve ,etter
understanding o' that 1or!d
6Cond'ord Smithson+ 2007
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$uestionnaires Surveys
• hen to use: – hen researcher 1ants to o,tain vie1s or data 'rom a !arge num,er o'
organisations or individua!s in a !imited time period
– ;or descriptive or ep!anatory research
– ith other data co!!ection methods
•
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&ey issues in considering survey
research
#''ortRe(uired
=oorresponse
Structureo'
(uestions
)eve!opingsamp!ing
'rame@iasness
"imited to1e!!understood
topics
Aeed topi!ot
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&ey issues in considering survey
research
• /n designing+ producing and distri,uting is
considera,!e – Aeed to go through 3 4 B iterations ,e'ore
reaching a satis'actory design – =ro,!ems in response rate 4 need to send out
a !arge num,er
– ;o!!o1 up procedure to improve response rate
– Create huge mai!ing !ist – =re-test the (uestionnaire
– #nter data once it is entered
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&ey issues in considering survey
research
• /' sent at random to peop!e in ,usiness or
organisations+ response rate is a,out 20
• /' distri,uted interna!!y to an organisationDs
1or'orce+ 1ith management support 4higher response rate
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&ey issues in considering survey
research
• )i''icu!t to 'ormu!ate (uestions that are – C!ear+ nam,iguous and easy 'or respondents
to understand
– ;ree o' unnecessary assumptions – ;ree o' argon
– Comprehensive 4 covers every possi,!e case
– *ns1era,!e direct!y 1ithout having to see out
in'ormation
• )i''icu!t to se!ect sca!es 'or (uestions that
re(uire graded response
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&ey issues in considering survey
research
• Responses 4 sma!! 4 !ie!y to ,e 'rom
,iased samp!e
• #nthusiasts 1i!! predominate and those
1ith !ess enthusiasm may not ,emotivated to comp!ete (uestionnaire
• Cannot assume the response is a
representation o' the popu!ation• /naccurate rep!ies 4 errraneous a''irmative
ans1ers
“Does your company use IT strategically?”
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&ey issues in considering survey
research
• Suita,!e 'or certain 'air!y straight'or1ard
topics – Aot high!y a,stract+ comp!e or poor!y
understood topics
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&ey issues in considering survey
research
• =urpose – To re'ine the (uestionnaire 4 no pro,!ems in
ans1ering and no pro,!ems in recording the
data – To assess the va!idity and re!ia,i!ity o' the
(uestionnaire
•
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&ey issues in considering survey
research
•
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&ey issues in considering survey
research
• =rovide a 'urther short (uestionnaire –
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Types o' (uestionnaire
SelfAdministered• Internet-mediated
questionnaire• ostal questionnaire• !eli"ery and collection
questionnaire
Inter"ie#erAdministered• Telephone questionnaire• Structured Inter"ie#
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)esigning individua! (uestions
• *dopt % *dapt (uestions used in other
(uestionnaires – /' 1ant to rep!icate % compare 'indings 1ith another
study - assess re!ia,i!ity – More e''icient 6provided maps 1ith research (uestions
and o,ectives 4 (uestions and coding schemes may
meet needs
–@e1are o' poor (uestions
– @e1are o' copyright
– ive credit to the author
• )eve!op o1n (uestions
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Types o' (uestions
>pen (uestions C!osed (uestions
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Types o' (uestions
Types o' (uestions
>pen (uestions
>,ective Su,ective Specu!ative
C!osed (uestions
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Types o' (uestions
Types o'(uestions
>pen (uestions C!osed (uestions
"ist Category Raning Rating
"iert-sty!eAumericRatingSca!e
Semantic)i''erentia!
Sca!e
$uantity rid
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"ayout o' (uestionnaire
• /ntervie1er administered (uestionnaire 4
mae reading (uestions and 'i!!ing
responses easy
• Se!' administered (uestionnaire 4 – *ttractive 4 to encourage peop!e to 'i!! it in
and to return
– Aot appearing too !ong
• Fisua! appearance 4 pro'essiona!
• ording 4 simp!e
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$ *
$uestion and Ans#er Session
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$uic% Re"ie# $uestion
Compare the various types o' samp!ing
you cou!d use in se!ecting your
respondents 'or a survey. hich 1ou!d
you choose and 1hy:
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or ne't class
• Se!ect a samp!e (uestionnaire 'or the
internet – >,serve the ,est practices
– /mprove on the '!a1s
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$ *
$uestion and Ans#er Session