Rizal Chapter 7&8

CHAPTER 7

PARIS TO BERLIN1885-87

Rizal, who was then 24 years old and already a physician, decided to go to Paris in order to acquire more knowledge in ophthalmology.

He befriended Senyor Eusebio Corominas, editor of the newspaper La Publicidad

Corominas made a crayon sketch of Don Miguel Morayta, owner of La Publicidad and a statesman.

Rizal gave Corominas an article on the Carolines Question for publication.

In Gay Paris (1885-86)

Maximo ViolaRizal’s friend whom he

visited in Barcelona. MaximoViola is a medical student anda member of a rich family of San Miguel, Bulacan.Dr. Louis de Weckert

-leading French ophthalmologist where Rizal worked as an assistant on October, 1885.

Rizal relaxed visiting the home PardoDe Taveras (Trinidad, Felix and Paz).

Juan Luna -Rizal’s Ilokano friend and later became husband of Paz Pardo de Tavera. He is the great master of the brush and discussed Rizal various problems on art and improved his own painting. Rizal helped Luna in posing as model in several paintings.

Rizal posed as an Egyptian

priest

Rizal posed as Sikatuna, with Dr. Trinidad Pardo de Tavera as Legazpi

Rizal was a flutist in various impromptu reunions of Filipinos in Madrid and Paris.

He composed three musical pieces namely:“Leonor” – he composed before his

departure for Spain“El Canto del Prisionero” – a danza he

composed during his exile in Dapitan“Alin Mang Lahi”- a patriotic hymn

Rizal as Musician

Rizal arrived in Heidelberg onFebruary 8, 1886. Rizal was a goodchess player so he became themember of the Chess Players’ Club.Pastor Karl Ullmer

-a Lutherian minister friend of Rizal. They had discussions about merits of Catholism and Protestantism. Although a mason, Rizal regarded Catholism a better religion than Protestantism.

In Historic Heidelberg

• Rizal sketched clever caricatures of what he saw. His caricature of two German boys playing near a

pond revealed his talents a s a cartoonist.Dr. Javier Galezowsky, a famous Polish

ophthalmologist

Dr. Otto Becker, a great German authority on

ophthalmology.

“To The Flowers of Heidelberg”

Rizal was attracted by the blooming flowers as he wander around the Neckar River.

His favorite flower was- the light blue “forget-me-not.”

The flowers remind him of home so he wrote a fine poem “To The Flowers of Heidelberg” on April 22,1886 on his moment of homesickness.

Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt-Director of the Ateneo Leitmeritz,Austria. Rizal wrote a letter to him inGerman for the first time.

Arithmetica-the book mentioned Rizal on his letter to

Blumentritt. It was published in two languages- Spanish and Tagalog- by UST Press kin 1868. The author was Rufino Baltazar Hernandez from Sta. Cruz, Laguna.

First Letter to Blumentritt

It was two days before the departure of Rizal when the beautiful city of Heidelberg held its fifth centenary celebration on August 6, 1886.

On his diary dated on August6, 1886, describes thecelebration of the 5th centenaryof the famous University ofHeidelberg.

Fifth Centenary of Heidelberg University

Rizal Goes to LeipzigAugust 14, 1886 – Rizal arrived in

Leipzig to attend some lectures on history and psychology at the University of Leipzig

Prof. Friedrich Ratzel – a famous German historian

Rizal translated German to Tagalog Schiller’s William Tell and some of Han’s Andersen’s Fairy Tales.

October 29, 1886 – He left Leipzig for Dresden.

Dr. Adolph B. Meyer – Director of Anthropological and Ethnological Museum.

Rizal Welcomed in Berlin’s Scientific CirclesDr. Feodor Jagor – a

German scientist-traveler; author of the Travels in the Philippines

“Travel in the Philippines” – the book read and admired by Rizal; published in Berlin in 1873, Dr. Jagor foretold the downfall of Spanish rule in the Philippines and the coming of America to Philippine shores.

Dr. Rudolf Virchow- a famous anthropologist who recognized Rizal’s genius and latter invited to give a lecture on the Tagalogs.

“Tagalische Verskunst” (Tagalog Metrical Art)- a scholarly paper in German written by Rizal in response to Virchow’s invitation which he read before the society in April, 1887 and published the same year.

Rizal became a member of the Anthropological Society and the Geographical Society of Berlin.

Rizal lived in Berlin for five reasons:To gain further knowledge of ophthalmologyTo further his studies of sciences and

languagesTo observe the conditions of the German

nationTo associate with the famous German

scientists and scholarsTo finish his novel, Noli Me Tangere

Rizal’s Life in Berlin

Dr. Schulzer – eminent German ophthalmologist where Rizal worked as an assistant by day.

Rizal attended lectures at night. He practiced speaking German, French, English and Italian. He also attended daily exercises in Berlin gymnasium to develop his body.

Madame Lucie Gerdolle – Rizal’s professor on his private lessons in order to master idiomatic intricacies of French language.

Unter den Linden – the most popular boulevard in Berlin where he spent his leisure moments.

Rizal said to his letter to Trinidaddated on March 11, 1886 thatGerman woman is serious, diligent,educated and friendly. Rizal regretted that in thePhilippines, women are moreinterested in how they dress than in how much

they know.Rizal gave an advice to his sister, Trinidad:

“Now that you are still young, you should strive to read and learn. You must not allow yourself to be conquered by indolence because it costs so little to cast it off.”

Rizal on German Women

Rizal admired two German customs:The Christmas custom of the German

- people celebrate yuletide seasonwith lanterns, papers, lights, dollscandies, fruits, etc; and shown at nightto the childrenSelf-introduction to strangers in Social Gathering

- According to the German code ofetiqutte, it is bad manner for the guestto remain aloof, and wait for thehost/hostess to make properintroductions.

German Customs

The winter of 1886 in Berlin- Rizal’s darkest winter because:He lived in poverty becauseNo money arrived from CalambaDiamond ring given by Saturninain the pawnshopHe couldn't pay to his landlordHe had one meal a dayLaundered himselfPaciano tried to raise money for Rizal but the crops

have failed due to the ravages of the locusts

Rizal’s Darkest Winter

CHAPTER 8

NOLI ME TANGERE1887

Harriet Beecher Stowe’s “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”-Dr. Rizal’s inspiration in writing the novel which portrays the brutalities of American slave-owners and the conditions of the unfortunate Negro slaves.

• January 2, 1884-Rizal proposed the writing approved by Paternos, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Evaristo Aguirre, Eduardo de Lete, Julio Llorente and Valentin Ventura

• Rizal’s project did not materialize because his compatriots did not write anything so by his friend’s indifference, he determined to write the novel – alone.

Idea of Writing a Novel in the Philippines

End of 1884- Rizal began the writing of novel in Madrid.1885- He went to Paris completing studies in Universidad Central de Madrid finishing one-half of the second-half of the novel.December 1886 – during the dark days, he

almost threw the manuscript into the fire seeing no hope of having it published for he was penniless.

A telegram from Barcelona arrived sent by Dr. Maximo Viola informing Rizal of his coming visit to Berlin.

The Writing of “Noli”

Maximo Viola – he is the one who saved Noli. Without him, the Noli would most likely never to appear inPrint. He invited Rizal to join him on atour in Europe but postponed it instead so that

the novel could be printed.The first edition of Noli was printed in Berlin

in 1887. the cost of printing was 300 pesos for 2000 copies.

March 29, 1887 – the date when the “Noli Me Tangere” came off the press.

The Man Who Saved the “Noli”

“Noli Me Tangere” is a Latinphrase which means “Touch MeNot.”It was taken from the Gospel ofSt. John (Chapter 20, Verses 13 to 17)

The Author’s Dedication-Rizal dedicated the “Noli Me Tangere” to

the Philippines – “To My Country.”

The Title of the Novel

The novel “Noli Me Tangere” contains 63 chapters and an epilogue.

“Noli Me Tangere…signify ‘do not touch me’…I have endeavored to answer the columnies which for centuries had been heaped on us and our country: I have described the social condition, the life, our beliefs, our hopes, our desires, our grievances, our griefs.”

- Jose Rizal

SYPNOSIS OF THE “NOLI”

Characters of Noli Me TangereCrisostomo Ibarra Padre Damaso-a Filipino who -Fransician friarstudied in Europe for and Maria7 years, the love Clara’s biologi-interest of cal fatherMaria Clara

Maria Clara Capitan Tiago -Ibarra’s sweetheart; -known fatherthe illegitimate of Maria Clara;daughter of Padre husband ofDamaso and Pia Alba Donya Pia Alba

Pilosopo Tasyo Donya Victorina-a wise man; he is -a woman whoa pessimist, cynic passes herself asand mad by his a Peninsularneighbors Donya ConsolacionElias -wife of Alferez,-a fugitive, who abused Sisawants to \ Crispin and Basiliorevolutionize -sacritan brothers;his country sons of Sisa who wentPadre Salvi insane after losing her-Fransiscan sonsPriest; secret The Alferezadmirer of -Chief of GuardiaMaria Clara Civil

The novel begins with areception given by Capitan Tiago at his house in honor of Crisostomo Ibarra, a young and rich Filipino who had just returned after seven years ofstudy in Europe. Upon Rizal’s arrival, produce favorable impression among the guests, except Padre

Damaso, who was rude to him. He visited Maria Clara, his childhood sweetheart.Ibarra met interesting people in his town, such as the wise

old man Tasio the Sage, whose ideas were too advanced for his times.

A most tragic story in the novel is the tale of Sisa, who was formerly a rich girl but become poor because she married a gambler, and a wasterl at that. She became crazy because she lost her two boys.

Ibarra and his friends gave a picnic in the lake. An incident in the picnic was the saving of Elias’ life by Ibarra. A touch of comedy in the novel was the fight between two ludicrous senyoras – Donya Consolacion, the vulgar mistress of the Spanish alferez, and Donya Victorina, the wife of a henpecked Spanish quack doctor.

The story of Elias, like of that Sisa, was a tale of pathos and tragedy.Ibarra’s enemies left no stone unturned to bring about his ruin.

Elias, learning of Ibarra’s arrest burned all the papers that might incriminate his friend.

Ibarra returned to banca after biddingMaria Clara farewell.Ibarra was able to escape from the soldiers.

What happened to the characters?..Maria Clara, out of her loyalty to the memory

of Ibarra, entered the Santa Clara nunnery- forever lost to the world.

Padre Salvi left the Parish of San Diego and became the chaplain of the nunnery.

Padre Damaso found dead in his bedroom.Capitan Tiago became an opium addict and a

human wreck.Donya Victorina still henpecking Don Tiburcio

weakening eye-sight.Linares who failed to win Maria Clara’s

affection died of dysentery and was buried in Paco cemetery.

“Noli Me Tangere” is a true story of Philippine conditions during the last decades of Spanish rule. The places, the characters, and the situations really exist.

“The facts I narrate there,” said Rizal, “are all true and have happened; I can prove them.”

The characters: Maria Clara – Leonor Rivera Ibarra and Elias – Rizal himself Pilosopo Tasyo – Rizal’s elder brother, Paciano Padre Salvi – identified by Rizalists as Padre Antonio Piernavieja,

hated Augustinian friar in Cavite who was killed by patriots during the Revolution

Capitan Tiago – Capitan Hilario Sunico of San Nicolas Donya Victorina – Donya Augustina Medel Basilio and Crispin – Crisostomo brothers of Hagonoy Padre Damaso – domineering friar during days of Rizal, arrogant,

supercilicious, and anti-Filipino

The “Noli” Based on Truth

The friends of Rizal hailed thenovel, praising it with glowingcolors.Copies of the Noli were sent byRizal to Blumentritt, Regidor,Hidalgo, Mariano Ponce, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Aguirre and other friends. More

copies were crated and sent to Barcelona, Madrid and Hongkong to be smuggled to the Philippines.

Of the numerous congratulatory letters received by Rizal from his friends about the Noli that from Blumentritt was significant.

Rizal’s friends Praise the “Noli”

-by: Eunice DoradoBSED-English

THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

True or FalseDirection: Write True if the statement is

correct and False if the statement is wrong.1. _____ Juan Luna is the great master of the

brush who painted the “Blood Compact”2. _____The author of the “Travel in the

Philippines” book, which Jose Rizal admired was Dr. Galezowsky.

3. _____Blumentritt saved “Noli Me Tangere”.4. _____Rizal dedicated “Noli Me Tangere” to

the Philippines.5. _____Noli Me Tangere is based on the true

story.

ACTIVITY