River Valley Civilization
Feb 24, 2016
River Valley Civilization
Bellringer• Glue in the papers you picked up and glue in the
following order• Page 20: Unit 2: Vocabulary • Page 21: Preview• Page 22: STAIRS notes• Page 23: GRAPES notes• Page 24: Problems with Sumer• Page 25: Process• Page 26:Homework
Agenda• Notes starting with the STAIRS worksheet• GRAPES• Problem with Sumer • Process • Homework
Homework• Ancient Middle East and Ziggurats and Cuneiform
articles
S.T.A.I.R.s Specialized workersTechnology Advanced citiesInstitutionsRecord keeping
Sumer GRAPES
What is GRAPES?• Geography• Religion• Achievements• Political• Economics• Social
GRAPES
Sumer: Geography
• Southern Mesopotamia • Part of the Fertile Crescent
Jericho
Aleppo
Glossary Help• Mesopotamia- The land between two rivers (in
the Middle East) – the first river valley civilization
• Fertile Crescent- A crescent-shaped area of fertile land in the Middle East
Physical Geography
• Two rivers, lots of fertile land• Flat • Mountains and deserts beyond the flat land• Neighbors were nomads in the desert and
northern Mesopotamia…we’ll meet them soon
Sumer: Religion• Polytheism – belief in many gods
o What did their gods do?• Ziggurat – temple and city-center
o Animal sacrifices and offerings
• Why are priests so important in Sumer?
Temple to Nanna, Ur
This large temple, dedicated to the god Nanna, was built around 2100 B.C. by King Ur-Nammu, in the ancient Mesopotamian city of Ur. (Michael S. Yamashita/Corbis; ABC-CLIO)
Offerings to the Gods
King Ur-Nammu makes an offering to the moon god Nanna. Ur-Nammu reigned over the Sumerian city of Ur from about 2112 to 2095 B.C. The stela dates to around 2060 B.C. (Bettmann/Corbis; ABC-CLIO)
Sumer: Achievements
• Inventionso Wheelo Sailo Plowo Base-60
math (used today in clocks and circles
Achievements• Architecture (ziggurat)• Writing – cuneiform
o Earliest writing used pictograms, pictures that stand for wordso Later evolved into a set of symbols representing about 300 sounds
Early Writing
Clay tablet with pictograms from Mesopotamia. (Multimedia Library; ABC-CLIO)
Ancient Sumerian tablet with cuneiform, one of the earliest forms of writing. This tablet, from 2039 BC, tracks disbursements of wages to supervisors of day laborers. (Library of Congress; ABC-CLIO)
Sumerian inscription, detail of a statue of Gudea of Lagash, 22nd century BC (Brittannica)
DRAW A PICTURE OF CUNEIFORM AND DESCRIBE THE CHARACTERISTICS!
Detail from an Assyrian tablet with cuneiform writing. The Assyrian alphabet contained 19 simple letters and approximately 300 cuneiform symbols. (Shutterstock; ABC-CLIO)
Arts
Sumerian figurine of a woman sitting and holding a small vase. (Erich Lessing/Art Resource; ABC-CLIO)
Standard of Ur – War
Standard of Ur – Peace
Sumer: Political
• Priests ruled in peace, military leaders during wars
• Eventually, a military leader made himself king and created a dynasty
Sumer: Political• Each city-state had its own king
o Ur, Uruk, Umma, Lagash, Kish• Leaders collected taxes and organized labor (for,
say, irrigation)
Sumer: Economic
• Agriculture-based• Trade very important
o Traded food for stone, wood, and metalo Then made tools and traded them for more stuff
Sumer: SocialPriests
Wealthy Merchants
Working Class (Farmers, Artisans)
Slaves (Foreign Prisoners, Sold Children)
Why were merchants so respected?
Women’s Rights
• Women couldo Own propertyo Be educatedo Have important jobs
• Women could noto Rule the city or be the head priest
Mesopotamia: Did the Sumerians create a civilization?• Using the S.T.A.I.R.s work sheet provided in your
packet, walk around to the different posters hanging to decide if the question above it correct.