River Administration in Japan (Integrated Flood Management) Hideaki FUJIYAMA River Planning Division, MLIT
River Administration in Japan(Integrated Flood Management)
Hideaki FUJIYAMARiver Planning Division, MLIT
River Administration
1) Flood management・River improvement・Flood control (operation of facilities)・Flood warning (observe river water level)
2) River water use management・Administration of water use right
3) River environment management・Monitoring the river environment・Conservation and re-naturalization
Outline of River Law during 100 years
○Introduction of integrated river
system management
○Enhancement of water-use
regulations○Improvement and conservation of
river environment
○Introduction of plans reflected by
public opinions
Water Resources Development
Developing lakes to use as reservoirs
Weirs enable withdrawal of river water
Water right : Rights to continuously and exclusively draw water from rivers
River administrator centrally controls water rights.
Agriculture Hydroelectric
power generation
Drinking water supply
Industrial activities
River administrator
Coordination water intake during droughts
Apply Grant
Management of Water Rights
Mechanism of water resources development by reservoirs
Before improvement(December 1992)
After improvement(October 1995)
Environment Conservation and Re-naturalization
Surveys are conducted in collaboration with academic experts to verify the natural environment of rivers (Scientific Study on River Ecosystem).
The purpose of the study on river ecosystem is to understand the characteristics of rivers from an ecological viewpoint, and explore ways to create proper rivers. In order to achieve this purpose, surveys are being conducted under collaboration of ecologists, engineers, and the national and municipal governments.
On-site joint survey
Study organizationStudy Group on River
Ecosystem
Decision on plans and policies for surveys
Comprehensive analysis and
evaluation of survey results
Study on implementation of research and surveysSurveys on each item
Survey method study group
Study group for each riverTama River Study Group
- Researchers in each field- Ministry of Land, Infrastructure
and Transport
Chikuma River Study Group- Researchers in each field- Ministry of Land, Infrastructure
and Transport
Kita River Study Group- Researchers in each field- Ministry of Land, Infrastructure
and Transport
Kizu River Study Group- Researchers in each field- Ministry of Land, Infrastructure
and Transport
Study on River Ecosystem
Class A river system Class B river system
National Government
Local (Prefecture)
Government
Administration at each River System
Others
City
No. of Rivers in Japan
No. of River Systems No. of Rivers Length (km)
A : 109 14,000 87,50010,500 National G (8.5%)77,000 Local G
B: 2,722 7,100 36,000 Local G113,000 Local G (91.5%)
Total length 123,500 km
Budget for river management
RSNG: River section administrated by National GRSPG: River section administrated by Prefecture G
In 2005RSNG : ¥ 814 Billion ($ 6.8 Billion) 53 %RSPG : ¥ 729 Billion ($ 6.1 Billion) 47 %Total : ¥ 1,543 Billion ($ 12.9 Billion)
* $ 1 = ¥120
Composition of Budget
Ratio of National Government ExpenseFor river improvement
for RSNG : 2/3 for RSPG : 1/2 , 1/3 (Subsidy)for Big project : 3/4
For maintenance for RSNG : 5.5/10
River Administrator
MLIT has approx.100 River Administration Offices.
47 PrefecturesEach Prefecture Government has approx.10 Infrastructure Administration Offices.Total approx.500 Offices.
Tasks of River Administrator
1) Flood management2) River water use management3) River environment management
Activities of River Administration Offices・Observe rainfall, river water level, river water quality・Research the environment of river and river basin・Study river improvement and environment・Plan, design and construct river structures・Patrol to observe problems of structures, illegal acts・Administrate use of river area
Flood Management1) River improvement
Channel improvement (embankment, dredging)Dam, Retarding basin, Floodway
2) Operation of Flood Control FacilitiesDam, Sluice gate, Pumping station
3) Warning of floodObservation of rainfall and river water levelEstimation of river water level
4) Provide the information for damage mitigationPublication of Hazard Maps
System for Planning River Improvement 1Basic River Management Policy
Social Infrastructure Council・Basic policy on flood control measures, water use and
environment conservation ・Unregulated peak discharge on target level・Design flood discharge
River Improvement Plan ( for 20 ~ 30 years )Persons experiences or academic standingReflection of local opinions through public hearingGovernor of local government
・Flood control facilities (Dam, Retarding Basin)・Embankment, bank heightening, river widening, dredging,
bank protection, pumping station, etc.
System for Planning River Improvement 2
River Improvement Plan of each project implemented by local government
Local governments discuss plans with MLITMLIT approves the plan
・Flood control facilities (Dam, Retarding Basin)・Embankment, bank heightening, river widening, dredging,
bank protection, pumping station
Before
Before
After
After
Changes in Run-off Flow due to Changesin Land Use
Comprehensive Flood Management Measures
River improvement, Damage mitigation measure andRunoff Control in Basin
Retention areas・Maintenance of controlled urbanization districts・Conservation of nature・Construction of reservoirs and regulating basins・Installation of permeable pavements and seepage sumpsDetention areas・Preservation of urbanization control zones・Control of landfill・Promotion of conditions favorable to agricultural activities
Low-lying areas・Development of drainage facilities・Construction of storage facilities・Encouragement of use of flood-proof buildings
Concept of Comprehensive Flood Control
Flood Forecasting and Warning
Japan Meteorological AgencyMLIT
Rainfall amountWater level
Rainfall amountMeteorological information
Joint Cooperation
Flood forecast
Municipal Government Media Institution
Warning
Rainfall Radar System
Estimation of Water Level
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
距離標(KP)
標高
(m)
計画高水位
計画流量流下時の水位
平均河床高
左岸高水敷高
右岸高水敷高
中水敷掘削高
Provide picturesProvision pictures of flood situation
Provide various information to the general public
Speed up flood control activities
Dissemination of River Informationby Mobile Phones
Movement of rain band based on the radar-rain
gauge measurements
Level of river water
Rainfall
Hazard Map
People who have seen hazard maps start evacuation about one hour earlier than those who have not
Time
Num
ber o
f Peo
ple
Flood Fighting
Mayer Flood Fighting bodiesorder
temporarily bank protection
3,250 bodies 950,000 people
Activities of Flood Fighting bodies
Restoration works
Municipalities, Prefectures and MLITsurvey of damaged structures
report the estimation of restoration cost to MLITMLIT reports the estimation to MOF
MLIT & MOF assess the estimation
MOF set up the supplementary budget
Integrated Flood Management1) River improvement2) Cooperation for runoff control in basin 3) Operation of Flood Control Facilities4) Warning of flood5) Provide the information for damage prevention6) Flood Fighting
In JapanRiver administration OfficesStaff of them work as River Administrator