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Risto Sievänen 1 Eero Nikinmaa 2 Christian Messier 3 Jari Perttunen 1 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of Helsinki 3. GREF, Université du Québec à Montréal Modeling the effects of metabolism and 3D crown structure on tree growth
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Risto Sievänen 1 Eero Nikinmaa 2 Christian Messier 3 Jari Perttunen 1 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of.

Jan 02, 2016

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Page 1: Risto Sievänen 1 Eero Nikinmaa 2 Christian Messier 3 Jari Perttunen 1 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of.

Risto Sievänen1

Eero Nikinmaa2

Christian Messier3

Jari Perttunen1

1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of Helsinki3. GREF, Université du Québec à Montréal

Modeling the effects of metabolism and 3D crown structure on tree growth

Page 2: Risto Sievänen 1 Eero Nikinmaa 2 Christian Messier 3 Jari Perttunen 1 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of.

CONTENTS

Functional-structural tree models

The Model LIGNUM

Some Applications

Conclusions

Page 3: Risto Sievänen 1 Eero Nikinmaa 2 Christian Messier 3 Jari Perttunen 1 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of.

Process-based models

Vegetative and reproductive growth Photosynthesis, respiration and carbon allocation Mineral metabolism, especially nitrogen

metabolism Growth regulations Intra-tree transfer of metabolites

Page 4: Risto Sievänen 1 Eero Nikinmaa 2 Christian Messier 3 Jari Perttunen 1 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of.

Morphological models

• L-systems

• Other mathematical presentations of branching systems

Page 5: Risto Sievänen 1 Eero Nikinmaa 2 Christian Messier 3 Jari Perttunen 1 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of.

Here comes a pictrue from Algorithmic beauty of plants

Page 6: Risto Sievänen 1 Eero Nikinmaa 2 Christian Messier 3 Jari Perttunen 1 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of.

Process-based model

Morphological model

=

Functional-structural model (FSM)

Page 7: Risto Sievänen 1 Eero Nikinmaa 2 Christian Messier 3 Jari Perttunen 1 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of.
Page 8: Risto Sievänen 1 Eero Nikinmaa 2 Christian Messier 3 Jari Perttunen 1 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of.

Features of a FSM

• A basic unit is used for presentation of both architecture and functioning (metabolism)

• These units are combined to form different organisational levels

• Local control

Page 9: Risto Sievänen 1 Eero Nikinmaa 2 Christian Messier 3 Jari Perttunen 1 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of.

LIGNUM: General features

Simple structural units account for both structure and functioning of trees.

Annual net production is used to new growth.

Pipe model and functional balance for partitioning of growth.

Time step one growth period (one year).

Page 10: Risto Sievänen 1 Eero Nikinmaa 2 Christian Messier 3 Jari Perttunen 1 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of.

LIGNUM: The structure

Page 11: Risto Sievänen 1 Eero Nikinmaa 2 Christian Messier 3 Jari Perttunen 1 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of.

LIGNUM: Tree Segment for deciduous trees

Page 12: Risto Sievänen 1 Eero Nikinmaa 2 Christian Messier 3 Jari Perttunen 1 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of.

LIGNUM: Releasing suppressed buds

Page 13: Risto Sievänen 1 Eero Nikinmaa 2 Christian Messier 3 Jari Perttunen 1 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of.

LIGNUM: Carbon balance

Page 14: Risto Sievänen 1 Eero Nikinmaa 2 Christian Messier 3 Jari Perttunen 1 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of.

LIGNUM: Length of new segments

Page 15: Risto Sievänen 1 Eero Nikinmaa 2 Christian Messier 3 Jari Perttunen 1 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of.

LIGNUM: New buds

Page 16: Risto Sievänen 1 Eero Nikinmaa 2 Christian Messier 3 Jari Perttunen 1 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of.

LIGNUM: The Radiation Submodel (self shading)

Shading

Shaded

Page 17: Risto Sievänen 1 Eero Nikinmaa 2 Christian Messier 3 Jari Perttunen 1 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of.

Scots pine

• Scots pine and Jack pine the first two tree species implemented.

• Proved the modeling approach feasible.

• Modeled (published) trees 10 years old.

Page 18: Risto Sievänen 1 Eero Nikinmaa 2 Christian Messier 3 Jari Perttunen 1 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of.

Sugar maple

Study the survival and growth of sugar maple saplings in forest gaps.

Cutting guidelines for natural regeneration of sugar maple: Size of the canopy

openings Frequency of cuttings

Page 19: Risto Sievänen 1 Eero Nikinmaa 2 Christian Messier 3 Jari Perttunen 1 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of.

Three 5 year old saplings in St-Hilaire

Closed Gap Released Zenith Open Gap

L = 1.37m

L = 2.43mL = 2.84m

Page 20: Risto Sievänen 1 Eero Nikinmaa 2 Christian Messier 3 Jari Perttunen 1 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of.

Gliricidia sepium

Nitrogen fixing tropical tree species used in agroforestry.

Study the optimal management (frequency of cuttings).

Page 21: Risto Sievänen 1 Eero Nikinmaa 2 Christian Messier 3 Jari Perttunen 1 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of.

Mountain birch

Structural analysis of mountain birch

Based on detailed measurements done in Finnish Lapland

Page 22: Risto Sievänen 1 Eero Nikinmaa 2 Christian Messier 3 Jari Perttunen 1 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of.

Analysis of Sapflow

Page 23: Risto Sievänen 1 Eero Nikinmaa 2 Christian Messier 3 Jari Perttunen 1 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of.

Concluding Remarks

To be added

Page 24: Risto Sievänen 1 Eero Nikinmaa 2 Christian Messier 3 Jari Perttunen 1 1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of.

www.metla.fi/projects/lignum