Risk Factors and Teen Parenting. ›Content Objective: The students will be able to describe how heredity works as well as environmental risk factors that.

Risk Factors and Teen Parenting

› Content Objective: The students will be able to describe how heredity works as well as environmental risk factors that can occur during prenatal care by taking notes on their notes outline.

Objective

› Heredity is determined at conception (fertilization)

› All body cells except ova and sperm, contain 23 pairs of chromosomes– In females the 23 chromosomes

are identical– In males, one pair of

chromosomes is not made up of identical chromosomes

› 23 chromosomes are passed from the mother and 23 chromosomes are passed from the father to equal 46 chromosomes in the developing baby

Heredity

› A unit of hereditary material

CHROMOSOME› The passing of

characteristics from biological parents to their children

HEREDITY

Definitions

GENE

› A threadlike structure that carries genes

› In females the pair of sex chromosomes is identical and called XX– Every ovum produced by a

female contains an X chromosome

› In males the sex chromosomes are not identical and are called XY.– Each sperm produced by a

male contains either an X chromosome or a Y chromosome which determines the baby’s sex› The sex of a baby is determined by

the sex chromosome from the father

Sex Chromosomes

› All chromosomes carry genes that contain hereditary material.

› Genes determine inherited characteristics– There are two genes for

every trait– One gene is located on

each chromosome that makes up a pair

Genes

› Gene whose expression is overridden by the dominant gene– Must have two recessive genes

in order for that trait to appear such as blue eyes

RECESSIVE GENE

› Is a gene that overrides the expression of the other gene.– If there is one dominant and

one recessive gene the dominant gene will trump the recessive gene

DOMINANT GENE

Dominant vs. Recessive Genes

Traits that occur more frequently are the result of recessive or dominant genes?

Avoiding Risk Behaviors

Prenatal Care

› Definition – Is a procedure in which a needle is inserted through the uterus to extract fluid from the amniotic sac. The cells in this fluid are analyzed to determine if there are any genetic defects present– This procedure can be

performed in the second trimester

Amniocentesis

› Definition – A diagnostic procedure used to monitor the fetus where high frequency sound waves are used to provide an image of the developing baby– Used to determine pregnancy

and that the fetus is attached to the uterus

– Also used to check the size and growth of the fetus

– Used to determine sex of the fetus and if there is more than one fetus.

Ultrasound

› Children can be born with too few or too many chromosomes or a damaged chromosome that leads to a birth defect– Example:

› Down Syndrome – Has an extreme chromosome

› Hemophilia and Color Blindness - defect on gene based on by their mother’s x chromosome

GENETIC

› Any exposure that occurs by way of the mother and may cause a birth defect– Anything the mother puts into

her body› Examples:

– Alcohol– Smoking– Medications– Drugs– Nutrition

ENVIRONMENT

Environmental Factors vs. Genetic Factors

› Obstetrician – A physician who specializes in the care of pregnant women and the delivery of babies

› The care that is given to the mother and baby before birth– Includes: Routine medical

examinations, proper nutrition, reasonable exercise, extra rest and relaxation, childbirth and child-care education, avoidance of drugs and other risk behaviors and the practice of common sense

Prenatal Care

› How does the developing baby receive nutrients– Through the umbilical cord which transports nutrients,

oxygen and waste through the blood between the mother and developing baby

Review Question

› A well-balanced diet is important to a pregnant female– Premature birth or low birth weight may result when the

developing baby does not receive adequate nutrients

Nutrition

› A pregnant female needs to check with a physician prior to taking any prescription or over the counter medications– These medications pass

from the mothers bloodstream and into the developing baby’s bloodstream which can lead to birth defects

Medication

1. Drugs – marijuana, crack, cocaine, heroin, etc.

2. Smoking/Secondhand Smoke

3. Caffeine

4. Raw Fish

5. Uncooked Red Meat

6. Unpasteurized Dairy Foods

7. Hot Dogs/Lunch Meat

8. Alcohol

Things to Avoid when Pregnant

› The presence of severe birth defects in babies born to mothers who drink alcohol during pregnancy.– Includes Damage To:

1. The Brain/Nervous System2. Facial Abnormalities3. Small Head Size4. Below Average IQ

(intelligence)5. Poor Coordination6. Heart Defects7. Behavior Problems

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

› Pregnant female should not smoke or inhale smoke from tobacco products

› Can Cause:– Smaller Babies– At risk for heart disease in

adulthood– Increases the risk of

complications, miscarriage and stillbirth

– Reduces the amount of oxygen that the baby receives

Smoking/Secondhand Smoke

On your notes outline write down 5 goals you would like to achieve by the time you turn 20.

-Come up with a way that you can still achieve these goals if you have a child next year.

ACTIVITY

Teen Parenting

› 3 out of 10 teen girls in the U.S. will get pregnant at least once before they are 20

› 82% of teenage pregnancies are unintended

› Teenage pregnancies are on the decline from 2011

› 1/4 of all teen moms have a 2nd child within 24 months of the first birth

› The daughters of teen mothers are 3 times more likely to become teen mothers

Facts about Teen Pregnancy

› With your row…– Create a breakdown of the costs you expect to spend in

the first year of a child’s life.– Estimate what you expect 18 years of raising a child will

cost you.

**Cost Calculator**18 Year Cost Calculator

Are you ready to be a parent?

› High Dropout Rate– Pregnancy is the leading reason why teenage girls drop out of

school– Less than half of teen mothers ever graduate from high school– Fewer than 2% earn a college degree by the age of 30

› Relationship/Marriage– 8 out of 10 fathers do not marry the mother of their child.

› Typically the fathers pay less than $800 per year for child support because they cannot afford to pay more

› Time– Babies are high maintenance and require around the clock care– Will have to limit time spent with friends and time participating in

activities you used to enjoy

More than just finances

› Emotional– May begin to feel isolated from their peers– Frustrated by the reactions of others– Missing out on the partying and fun that their friends are

participating in› May lead to resentment, envy and depression

– Unable to relate to old friends

More than just finances

› Choose ABSTINENCE– Abstinence – The practice of restraining oneself from

indulging in something› Choosing to not be sexually active

The Only Way you 100% Will Not Become Pregnant/A Teen Parent is To…

Review Game