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administered by
Risk ControlFire safety of unattended processes
RC42First published 2010 Version 01
2 3
IMPORTANT NOTICE
This document has been developed through the RISCAuthority andpublished by the Fire Protection Association (FPA). RISCAuthoritymembership comprises a group of UK insurers that actively supporta number of expert working groups developing and promulgatingbest practice for the protection of people, property, business and theenvironmentfromlossduetofireandotherrisks.Thetechnicalexpertisefor this document has been provided by the Technical Directorate oftheFPA, external consultants, andexperts from the insurance industrywhotogetherformthevariousRISCAuthorityWorkingGroups.Althoughproducedwithinsurerinputitdoesnot(andisnotintendedto)representapan-insurerperspective.Individualinsurancecompanieswillhavetheirown requirements which may be different from or not reflected in thecontentofthisdocument.
The FPA has made extensive efforts to check the accuracy of theinformationandadvicecontained in thisdocumentand it isbelievedtobeaccurateatthetimeofprinting.However,theFPAmakesnoguarantee,representation or warranty (express or implied) as to the accuracy orcompleteness of any information or advice contained in this document.Alladviceandrecommendationsarepresentedingoodfaithonthebasisofinformation,knowledgeandtechnologyasatthedateofpublicationofthisdocument.
Withoutprejudice to thegeneralityof the foregoing, theFPAmakesnoguarantee, representation or warranty (express or implied) that thisdocumentconsidersallsystems,equipmentandproceduresorstate-of-the-arttechnologiescurrentatthedateofthisdocument.
Use of, or reliance upon, this document, or any part of its content, isvoluntary and is at the user’s own risk. Anyone considering using orimplementinganyrecommendationoradvicewithinthisdocumentshouldrelyonhisorherownpersonal judgementor,asappropriate,seek theadviceofacompetentprofessionalandrelyonthatprofessional’sadvice.Nothinginthisdocumentreplacesorexcludes(norisintendedtoreplaceor exclude), entirely or in part, mandatory and/or legal requirementshowsoever arising (including without prejudice to the generality of theforegoinganysuchrequirementsformaintaininghealthandsafetyintheworkplace).
Except to the extent that it is unlawful to exclude any liability, the FPAaccepts no liability whatsoever for any direct, indirect or consequentiallossordamagearisinginanywayfromthepublicationofthisdocumentoranypartofit,oranyuseof,orrelianceplacedon,thecontentofthisdocumentoranypartofit.
CONTENTS
Scope 3
Synopsis 3
Definitions 3
Introduction 3
Recommendations 3
1.Compliancewithfiresafetylegislation 3
2.Businesscontinuity 3
3.Managementoftheprocess 4
4.Compartmentation 4
5.Firesafetymanagement 4
6.Fireprotection 5
7. Checklist 7
References 12
2 3
SCOPE
These recommendations are applicable to processes which,
whileinvolvingtheapplicationorproductionofheat,arerequired
torununattendedforsignificantperiodsoftimeeitherwithinor
outsideofnormalworkinghours.Examplesincludeengineering
processes, such as gear cutting and spark erosion, injection
moulding, the firing of pottery and similar operations. They
also includesomeprocessessuchas those in thebakingand
printingindustries.
In the case of laboratories, where unattended process may
include thedistillingofsolvents, thisdocumentshouldbe read
inconjunctionwithRC5:Fire protection of laboratories(ref.1).
RC29:Recommendations for spark erosionmachining(ref.2)
givesfurtheradviceonthatprocess.
SYNOPSIS
It is important to maximise the use of equipment with a high
capital investment. These recommendations provide guidance
for businesses considering leaving processes that involve the
applicationorproductionofheattooperateunattendedroutinely
forprolongedperiodsoftime.
DEFINITIONS
Unattended process
Anunattendedprocess isone that,oncesetup, is required to
continue for aprolongedperiodof timewithout interventionor
periodicmonitoringbypersonnel.
INTRODUCTION
Organisationsareunderincreasingpressuretoreducemanpower
and automate processes as far as possible for a number of
reasons.Theseincludetheneedto:
• reducestaffcostsandhencethefinalcostoftheproductor
servicebeingprovided;
• meetcustomerdemands,whethershortorlongterm;
• meetproductiondeadlinesortargets;and
• achieve a return on capital investment in an acceptable
timeframe.
These factors have led to an increasing number of processes
that are allowed to function overnight or at other times when
personnelarenotpresent.Assomeoftheseprocessesinvolve
theapplicationorproductionofheat,thereisapotentialforafire
to occur which, in the absence of trained staff, could develop
andspreadrapidly.Suchafirecouldhaveaserious impacton
thesafetyofstaffinotherpartsofthepremises,theequipment
involved in the fire, the building in which it is situated and the
continuity of the business. There may also be a threat to the
environmentandthewelfareofotherpeopleintheneighbourhood.
Itisadvisable,wheneverpossible,forallmanufacturingoperations
tobecarriedoutwhenstaffarepresentbut insomeinstances,
suchaswheretheoperationtobecarriedoutisextremelylengthy,
unattendedoperationmaybetheonlyoption.
The introduction of an unattended operation should trigger a
reviewofthefireriskassessmentsforthepremisesthathavebeen
undertakeninaccordancewiththeRegulatoryReform(FireSafety)
Order2005andequivalentlegislationinScotlandandNorthern
Ireland(refs.3to6)andtheDangerousSubstancesandExplosive
AtmospheresRegulations2002(DSEAR)(ref.7).Inupdatingthese
assessments, the advice set out in this document should be
applied,asappropriate,inconjunctionwithotherin-depthadvice
onspecificfirehazardsthatrelatetotheprocessesconcerned.
Duringtheassessments,considerationshouldbegiventomeasures
toreducethehazardsassociatedwiththeprocess,orpossibly
toeliminatetheneedforunattendedoperationatall.Forexample,
itmaybepossibleinsomelaboratoriestouseaqueoussolvents
whichwouldeliminatetheneedforunattendedsolventdistillation.
If, following a fire risk assessment, a process is to be left
unattended, the insurers should be informed, as additional
fire protection measures to supplement those set out in these
recommendationsmayberequired.
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Compliance with fire safety legislation
1.1 The fire safety management strategy for unattended
processes should consider practical passive, active
andmanagerial controlmeasures aspart of the fire risk
assessment for the premises undertaken in compliance
with the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005
(orequivalentlegislationinScotlandandNorthernIreland)
(refs.3-6).Thesemeasuresshouldinclude:
• physical segregation of the process from other
operationsbeingcarriedoutonsite,whethertheseare
automatedormanned;
• developmentofsuitablecontrolsystems;
• suitable fire detection and warning systems in case
offire;
• the application of automatic fire protection measures
andprovisionofportablefirefightingequipment;
• developmentofanemergencyactionplantoprotectlife
andpropertyandensurethecontinuingfunctioningof
thebusinessinthecaseoffire;and
• staff training in theactions to take in theeventoffire,
including the safe shut down of the process and
evacuationofthepremises.
1.2 AnassessmentincompliancewithDSEAR(ref.7)shouldbe
undertakenwherehazardousmaterialssuchassignificant
quantitiesofflammableliquids,oils,compressedgasesor
dustsareinvolvedintheprocess.
2. Business continuity
2.1 Evenasmallfirecanhaveadisproportionateeffectona
businessifitoccursinacriticalpieceofequipment.Many
items of modern equipment are increasingly expensive
resultinginpressureforthemtobeusedtothemaximum
benefit, including consideration for them to be run
automaticallyduringthenightsoroverweekendswhenno,
orveryfew,staffarepresent.Carefulconsiderationmust
begiven toall fireandsafety implicationsbeforesucha
decisionismade.
2.2 Allorganisationsshouldtakestepstoensurethecontinued
smooth running of their business by making a suitable
emergencyplan.GuidanceforthisissetoutinBusiness
resilience: A guide to protecting your business and its
people (ref.8).Theemergencyplanshouldaddress the
implicationsofafire,floodorotherperceiveddisasteron
allfacetsofthebusinessmodel.Itshouldindicatethelines
4 5
ofcommunicationthatshouldbefollowedandthecontact
details for specialist assistance, providers of alternative
accommodationandsuppliersofmanufacturingplant.
2.3 When complete, the emergency plan should be tested
bymeansofa table topexercise,with the resultsbeing
assessedandamendmentsmadetotheplanasnecessary.
2.4 Consideration may be given to applying commercially
available computer programmes, such as the Robust
software (Resilient Business Software Toolkit) that
is available free of charge (ref. 9), or other appropriate
product,todevelopandchecktheadequacyoftheplan.
3. Management of the process
3.1 Beforebeingleftunattended,anewprocessshouldbefully
developedandrunforaprolongedperiodoftimewithstaff
inattendance.Thisisinordertoensurethattheequipment
isworkingsatisfactorily,thatallforeseeablepotentialsafety
issuesandfirehazardshavebeenidentifiedandaddressed
andthatthefireriskassessmentfortheprocesshasbeen
satisfactorilycompleted.
3.2 Security or other responsible staff on site that may be
called to take action in an emergency should be made
awareofdetailsoftheprocesstobecarriedoutandwho
tocallinanemergency.
3.3 Time switches may be used to start or to shut down
operations but preferably processes should be
commencedmanuallyandmonitoredforasuitableperiod
toensure that theyarecontinuingcorrectlybeforebeing
lefttooperateunattended.
3.4 Appropriate devices should be in place to ensure the
continuedrunningorsafeshutdownoftheequipmentin
theeventoffailureofthemainselectricalsupply.
3.5 Appropriate safety mechanisms should be in place to
ensurethattheequipmentshutsdownsafelyintheevent
offailureofthesuppliesofcoolantoranygas,oilorother
fuelorreagent.
3.6 Electricalisolatorsandthecontrolvalvesforthesuppliesof
coolantsandreagentsshouldbecarefullysitedtoprevent
inadvertent isolationof theseservices.Wherenecessary,
noticesshouldbedisplayedtotheeffectthattheisolators
orvalvesshouldnotbeadjustedbyunauthorisedpersons.
3.7 There should be provision remotely in the premises to
shutdowntheprocesssafelyandpromptlyintheeventof
anemergency,suchasafire.Theemergencyshutdown
controlsshouldbegroupedtogether,beeasilyaccessible
andbeprominentlysigned.Keystaffshouldbetrainedin
theiruse.
3.8 Critical safety devices, such as thermostats and liquid
flow or level sensors, which are not incorporated into
proprietaryequipmentshouldbeinstalledinduplicate,with
theduplicatedevicesbeinglocatedinseriesinthecircuitry.
3.9 The unattended process should operate independently
of any item of equipment or process elsewhere in the
premisesandthusnotbeaffectedbytheisolationorfailure
ofanotherpieceofequipment.
3.10 The unattended process should be free of any devices
intended to restart the process automatically following
failureoftheoperation.
3.11 Sensorsshouldbeinstalledondrains,exhaustsandflues
tomonitoranyreleasestotheenvironmentsoastoraise
analarm,whichshouldbemonitoredremotely,intheevent
ofspecifiedparametersbeingexceeded.
3.12 Notices should be displayed prominently outside the
door(s)tothecompartmentinwhichtheprocessislocated
givingthecontactdetailsofstaffwhoshouldbecontacted
inanemergency.
3.13 All equipment, including safety cut-out devices, should
beinstalled,usedandmaintainedinaccordancewiththe
manufacturer’s instructions. Servicing and maintenance
should be carried out by a competent engineer. The
periodic maintenance regimes should continue to be
observedeveniftheequipmentisonlyusedoccasionally.
3.14 Safetycut-outdevices thatare installedbutarenotpart
oftheequipmentsuppliedbythemanufacturershouldbe
testedperiodically, at intervals inaccordancewitha risk
assessment,andtheresultsshouldberecorded.
3.15 Where cut-out devices are found to be faulty, operation
of the unattended equipment should cease immediately
until the safety cut-out devices have been satisfactorily
replacedorrepairedbyacompetentengineer.
4. Compartmentation
4.1 Wherever possible, any process that is to continue
operating unattended should be located in a separate
compartmentdesignedtoprovideatleast60-minutes’fire
resistance(integrityandinsulation).
Where this is not practicable, combustible construction
materials (including insulated panels with combustible
cores)shouldbephysicallyseparatedfromtheunattended
processtoasuitabledegree.
Alternatively, the existing combustible construction
materialsintheimmediatevicinityshouldprovideatleast
60-minutes’fireresistance.
4.2 Ducts and flues associated with unattended processes
should be of fire-resistant construction and be routed
directlytotheoutsidewithoutpassingthroughanotherfire
compartmentwithinthebuilding.
4.3 Caremustbetakentoensurethatallholesaroundpiped
services,ductsandcablespassingthroughthewalls,floor
andceilingofthecompartmentaresuitablyfirestopped.
5. Fire safety management
5.1 Electrical installations should be designed, installed and
periodicallytestedbyacompetentelectricianinaccordance
with the current edition of BS 7671: Requirements for
electrical installations. IEE Wiring Regulations(ref.10).
Inspectionsshouldbecarriedoutonariskassessedbasis
asrecommendedinthePeriodicInspectionReport.
5.2 A suitable number of electrical socket outlets should
be provided; the use of electrical extension leads and
adaptors should be prohibited in the compartment in
whichtheequipmentislocated.
5.3 The equipment selected for installation should take into
account the findings of the DSEAR assessment, which
shouldidentifyhazardzoneswheretheremaybepotential
for explosible quantities of flammable liquid vapours or
duststoaccumulate(ref.7).
4 5
5.4 Portable electrical equipment should be inspected and
testedatleastinaccordancewithHS(G)107:Maintaining
portable and transportable electrical equipment
(ref.11)and/or the IEE Code of practice for in-service
inspection and testing of electrical equipment(ref.12).
Ariskassessmentshoulddeterminetheactualprogramme
ofinspectionandtesting.
5.5 Where the riskassessment indicates thatahazard from
staticelectricitycoulddevelop,appropriateearthingand
bonding of the equipment and any extraneous metal
partsshouldbeintroducedandregularinspectionsofthe
arrangementsbeundertakenandrecorded.
5.6 Theoperationoftheprocessshouldbeindependentofthe
temperature of the enclosure in which it is located. Any
heating should be appropriate for the process and the
enclosureinwhichitislocated,andshouldbesubjecttoa
riskassessment.
5.7 Beforesettingup theprocesswith theaimofallowing it
tocontinueunattended,staff should receiveappropriate
instruction,including:
• the correct method of using the equipment in
accordancewiththemanufacturer’sinstructions;
• the importance of routine maintenance and the
proceduresforundertakingandrecordingthis;
• the safety features that are incorporated into the
processandthecorrectmethodofsettingtheseforthe
operationthatistobeundertaken;
• themaximumperiodforwhichtheprocessmaybeleft
betweenchecks;
• themodeofoperationoftheautomaticandmanualfire
protectionequipmentthatisprovided;
• themethodforshuttingdowntheequipmentsafelyin
anemergency;and
• theemergencyproceduresintheeventofafireineither
theequipmentconcernedorelsewhereinthebuilding
inwhichitishoused.
5.8 Iftheequipmentislocatedinaseparatefirecompartment,
no combustible materials, whether raw materials,
finishedproductsorpackaging,shouldbestored in that
compartment. If theequipment isnotphysically isolated,
nostoredcombustiblematerialsshouldbelocatedwithin
an area around the process as determined by a risk
assessmentorasagreedwiththeinsurer.
5.9 All combustible waste materials should be located at
least10mfromthebuilding.Furtheradviceisprovidedin
RC48: Arson prevention, the protection of premises
from deliberate fire raising(ref.13)
5.10 The possibility of deliberate fire raising from outside the
building,byintrudersorbystaff,shouldnotbeforgotten.
When left to run unattended, access should be secure
otherthantostafftrainedintheoperationandmaintenance
oftheprocess.
5.11 Good liaison is often established by inviting the fire and
rescue service to visit the site and be involved in an
emergencyevacuationofthepremises.
5.12 Information should be provided for the fire and rescue
serviceataprominentlocationtoindicate:
• thelayoutofthesite;
• thelocationofunattendedprocesses;
• the location of emergency shut down points for the
process;
• thenatureoftheautomaticfiresuppressionsystem(s)
andthelocationofanycontrols;
• thenatureand locationofanyhazardoussubstances
involved in the process and related control valves or
mechanisms;
• contactdetailsforspecialiststaffwhomayneedtobe
consulted;and
• thelocationofhydrants,risingmainsorothersources
ofwaterforfirefightingpurposes.
6. Fire protection
6.1 Any fire protection system to be installed to protect
unattendedprocessequipmentshouldbesubjecttoafire
riskassessmentandconsultationwiththeinsurer.
6.2 Thestructureinwhichanyunattendedprocessisallowed
to operate should be protected by an automatic fire
detection and alarm system designed, installed and
maintained by an engineer with accreditation by an
independent, UKAS-accredited third party certification
body.Theinstallationshouldbetoarecognisedcategoryof
installationinaccordancewithBS5839-1:Fire detection
and fire alarm systems for buildings. Code of practice
for system design, installation, commissioning and
maintenance(ref.14).
6.3 The automatic fire detection and alarm system should
be monitored either on-site or by an off-site alarm
receiving centre with accreditation by an independent,
UKAS-accredited third party certification body and
operatinginaccordancewithBS5979:Remote centres
receiving signals from fire and security systems. Code
of practice(ref.15).
6.4 The installation should be periodically serviced and
maintainedbyacompetentengineerwithaccreditationby
anindependent,UKAS-accreditedthirdpartycertification
bodyinaccordancewithBS5839-1(ref14).
6.5 The installation of an automatic fixed fire extinguishing
system is strongly recommended if equipment is to run
unattended.Theinstallationshouldbedesignedtooperate
withintheequipmentenclosureorinthecompartmentin
whichtheprocessisbeingundertaken.Itisimportantthat
provingtestsareundertakenatthedesignstageinorder
toensurethatsystem issuitableandappropriate for the
intendedapplication.
6.6 Prior to the design of the installation, a risk assessment
should be undertaken in order to identify all conditions
that the systems must protect against, including idling,
maintenance,routineservicingandcleaningoperations.
6 7
6.7 Thefiresuppressionsystemshouldoperateautomatically
assoonasthefireisdetected.Theinstallationshouldbe
designedsoastominimisethelikelihoodofanunwanted
actuationandthuspassiveinfra-redorheatdetectorsoran
aspiratingdetectionsystemmaybethemostappropriate
method for adoption. Heat detectors may take the form
ofconventionaldetectorheads,break-glassbulbs,fusible
linksorothersuitablemechanisms.
6.8 The most effective extinguishing agent for the particular
applicationshouldbeselectedfollowingariskassessment,
takingintoconsiderationtheeffectivenessoftheagentas
wellastoxicity,asphyxiationpotential,environmentaland
contaminationissuesinthecontextoftheapplicationofthe
system.Theprincipalalternativesaredrypowder (which
can cause contamination of electrical control systems)
carbondioxideandothergaseousfloodingsystems.
6.9 Anyautomaticfiresuppressionsysteminasmallenclosed
itemofequipmentshouldbemonitoredbythefirealarm
panelsoastoraisethealarmifthesystemoperates.The
installation should be engineered to be effective in the
mostdemandingforeseeablecircumstancesandrelevant
testdatashouldbeavailabletosupportthis.
6.10 Onoperationofthefiresuppressionsystem,theprocess
should automatically switch off and remote signalling
beactivated.
6.11 Wheretheapplicationforthefiresuppressionsystemmay
beregardedasaClassB (deep liquid)asdefined inBS
5306-8:Fire extinguishing installations and equipment
on premises. Selection and installation of portable fire
extinguishers. Code of practice (ref. 16), the quantity
of extinguishing agent provided should be related to
the surface area of the liquid as indicated in Table 1 in
BS5306-8,partofwhichisreproducedbelow.
Extinguisher rating
class B fire risk
Maximum area for one
extinguisher (m2)
21B 0.14
34B 0.23
55B 0.37
70B 0.47
89B 0.59
113B 0.75
144B 0.96
183B 1.22
233B 1.55
6.12 Thedesignofopenfluidtanksmayalsobesuitableforthe
applicationofaheavier-than-airextinguishinggas,suchas
carbondioxide.
6.13 Fixedfiresuppressioninstallationsshouldcomplywiththe
relevantBritishStandard(seerefs.17-21).Wherethereis
noappropriateBritishStandard,bestpractice,suchasthe
instructionsissuedbythemanufacturerorsupplierofthe
equipment,shouldbefollowed.
6.14 Fixed fire suppression systems should be designed,
installed, commissioned and maintained by a company
with accreditation by an independent, UKAS-accredited
third party certification body as complying with the
requirements of LPS 1204: Requirements for firms
engaged in the design, installation and commissioning
of firefighting systems (ref. 22) or other appropriate
standard.
6.15 In large areas or where there is not a significant hazard
in the formofflammable liquidsorelectrical installations,
the risk assessment may indicate that a water sprinkler
installationmaybeappropriate.Sprinklersystemsshould
bedesigned, installed,commissionedandmaintained in
accordancewiththeLPC Rules for automatic sprinkler
installations incorporating BS EN 12845 (ref. 23) by
engineershavingaccreditationbyanindependent,UKAS-
accreditedthirdpartycertificationbody.
6.16 Suppression systems should be tested and maintained
according to the requirements of the relevant British
Standard and/or the installer’s recommendations by a
competentengineerwithaccreditationbyanindependent,
UKAS-accredited third party certification body. Suitable
recordsshouldbekept.
6.17 Arrangements should be in place for the prompt
recommissioningofanautomaticfiresuppressionsystem
that has actuated. Back-up supplies of extinguishing
agentsshouldthereforebekeptorarrangementsmadefor
theirimmediatereplacement.
6.18 Following actuation of the fire suppression system, the
processmustnotbeleftworkingunattendeduntil:
• the automatic fire suppression system has been fully
recommissioned;and
• the equipment has been inspected and found to be
serviceablebyacompetentperson;or
• appropriate repairs have been undertaken or
replacement parts fitted by a competent person to
rendertheequipmentserviceable.
6.19 In addition to the automatic extinguishing systems, a
suitablenumberofappropriateportablefireextinguishers
shouldbeavailableandimmediatelyaccessibleinthecase
ofafire.Suchportableextinguishersshouldbeapproved
and certified by an independent, third party certification
body and be installed in accordance with BS 5306-8
(ref. 16) and inspected and maintained in compliance
with BS 5306-3: Fire extinguishing installations
and equipment on premises. Commissioning and
maintenance of portable fire extinguishers. Code of
practice(ref.24).
6 7
Yes
No
N/A
Acti
on r
equir
ed
Due d
ate
Sig
n
on c
om
ple
tion
7.1
Co
mp
lianc
e w
ith fi
re s
afey
leg
isla
tion
(sec
tion
1)
7.1.
1D
oes
the
fire
safe
tym
anag
emen
tstr
ateg
yfo
run
atte
nded
pro
cess
esc
onsi
der
prac
tical
pas
sive
,act
ive
and
man
ager
ialc
ontr
olm
easu
res
asp
arto
fthe
fire
ris
kas
sess
men
tfor
the
prem
ises
und
erta
ken
inc
ompl
ianc
ew
ithth
eR
egul
ator
yR
efor
m
(Fire
Saf
ety)
Ord
er2
005?
(1.1
)
7.1.
2H
asa
nas
sess
men
tbee
nun
dert
aken
inc
ompl
ianc
ew
ithth
eD
ange
rous
S
ubst
ance
san
dE
xplo
sive
Atm
osph
eres
Reg
ulat
ions
200
2(D
SE
AR
)?(1
.2)
7.2
Bus
ines
s co
ntin
uity
(sec
tion
2)
7.2.
1H
asc
aref
ulc
onsi
dera
tion
been
giv
ento
all
fire
and
safe
tyim
plic
atio
nso
fope
ratin
gan
una
tten
ded
proc
ess
befo
res
uch
ade
cisi
onh
asb
een
mad
e?(2
.1)
7.2.
2D
oes
the
emer
genc
ypl
ana
ddre
ssth
eim
plic
atio
nso
fafi
re,fl
ood
oro
ther
pe
rcei
ved
disa
ster
on
allf
acet
sof
the
busi
ness
mod
el?
(2.2
)
7.2.
3Fo
llow
ing
com
plet
ion,
has
the
emer
genc
ypl
anb
een
test
edb
ym
eans
ofa
tabl
eto
pex
erci
se,w
ithth
ere
sults
bei
nga
sses
sed
and
amen
dmen
tsm
ade
toth
epl
an
asn
eces
sary
?(2
.3)
7.2.
4H
asc
onsi
dera
tion
been
giv
ento
app
lyin
gco
mm
erci
ally
ava
ilabl
eco
mpu
ter
prog
ram
mes
tod
evel
opa
ndc
heck
the
adeq
uacy
oft
heb
usin
ess
cont
inui
typ
lan?
(2
.4)
7.3
Man
agem
ent
of
the
pro
cess
(sec
tion
3)
7.3.
1B
efor
ebe
ing
left
unat
tend
ed,h
asth
ene
wp
roce
ssb
een
fully
dev
elop
eda
ndr
un
for
apr
olon
ged
perio
dof
tim
ew
iths
taff
ina
tten
danc
e?(3
.1)
7.3.
2A
res
ecur
ityo
rot
her
resp
onsi
ble
staf
fon
site
that
may
be
calle
dto
take
act
ion
ina
nem
erge
ncy
mad
eaw
are
ofd
etai
lso
fthe
pro
cess
and
who
toc
alli
nan
em
erge
ncy?
(3.2
)
7.3.
3A
rep
roce
sses
mon
itore
dfo
ra
suita
ble
perio
dto
ens
ure
that
they
are
con
tinui
ng
corr
ectly
bef
ore
bein
gle
ftto
ope
rate
una
tten
ded?
(3.3
)
7.3.
4A
rea
ppro
pria
ted
evic
esin
pla
ceto
ens
ure
the
cont
inue
dru
nnin
gor
saf
esh
ut
dow
nof
the
equi
pmen
tin
the
even
toff
ailu
reo
fthe
mai
nse
lect
rical
sup
ply?
(3.4
)
7.3.
5A
rea
ppro
pria
tes
afet
ym
echa
nism
sin
pla
ceto
ens
ure
that
the
equi
pmen
tshu
ts
dow
nsa
fely
inth
eev
ento
ffai
lure
oft
hes
uppl
ies
ofc
oola
nto
ran
yga
s,o
ilor
oth
er
fuel
or
reag
ent?
(3.5
)
7.
Che
cklis
t
8 9
Ye
sN
oN
/AA
cti
on r
equir
ed
Due d
ate
Sig
n
on c
om
ple
tion
7.3.
6A
ree
lect
rical
isol
ator
san
dth
eco
ntro
lval
ves
for
the
supp
lies
ofc
oola
nts
and
reag
ents
car
eful
lys
ited
top
reve
ntin
adve
rten
tiso
latio
nof
thes
ese
rvic
es?
(A
ndw
here
nec
essa
ry,a
ren
otic
esd
ispl
ayed
toth
eef
fect
that
the
isol
ator
sor
va
lves
sho
uld
notb
ead
just
edb
yun
auth
oris
edp
erso
ns?)
(3.6
)
7.3.
7Is
ther
epr
ovis
ion
rem
otel
yin
the
prem
ises
tos
hutd
own
the
proc
ess
safe
lya
nd
prom
ptly
inth
eev
ento
fan
emer
genc
y,s
uch
asa
fire
?(3
.7)
7.3.
8A
rec
ritic
als
afet
yde
vice
s,s
uch
asth
erm
osta
tsa
ndli
quid
flow
or
leve
lsen
sors
,w
hich
are
not
inco
rpor
ated
into
pro
prie
tary
equ
ipm
enti
nsta
lled
ind
uplic
ate,
with
th
edu
plic
ate
devi
ces
bein
glo
cate
din
ser
ies
inth
eci
rcui
try?
(3.8
)
7.3.
9D
oes
the
unat
tend
edp
roce
sso
pera
tein
depe
nden
tlyo
fany
item
ofe
quip
men
tor
proc
ess
else
whe
rein
the
prem
ises
and
isit
thus
not
affe
cted
by
the
isol
atio
nor
fa
ilure
ofa
noth
erp
iece
ofe
quip
men
t?(3
.9)
7.3.
10Is
the
unat
tend
edp
roce
ssfr
eeo
fany
dev
ices
inte
nded
tore
star
tthe
pro
cess
au
tom
atic
ally
follo
win
gfa
ilure
oft
heo
pera
tion?
(3.1
0)
7.3.
11A
res
enso
rsin
stal
led
ond
rain
s,e
xhau
sts
and
flues
tom
onito
ran
yre
leas
esto
th
een
viro
nmen
tand
are
thes
eco
nfigu
red
tor
aise
an
alar
m,w
hich
ism
onito
red
rem
otel
y,in
the
even
tofs
peci
fied
para
met
ers
bein
gex
ceed
ed?
(3.1
1)
7.3.
12A
ren
otic
esd
ispl
ayed
pro
min
ently
out
side
the
door
(s)t
oth
eco
mpa
rtm
enti
nw
hich
th
epr
oces
sis
loca
ted
givi
ngth
eco
ntac
tdet
ails
ofs
taff
who
sho
uld
bec
onta
cted
in
an
emer
genc
y?(3
.12)
7.3.
13Is
all
equi
pmen
t,in
clud
ing
safe
tyc
ut-o
utd
evic
es,i
nsta
lled,
use
dan
dm
aint
aine
din
acc
orda
nce
with
the
man
ufac
ture
r’sin
stru
ctio
nsw
iths
ervi
cing
and
mai
nten
ance
be
ing
carr
ied
outb
ya
com
pete
nte
ngin
eer?
(3.1
3)
7.3.
14A
res
afet
ycu
t-ou
tdev
ices
that
are
inst
alle
dbu
tare
not
par
toft
hee
quip
men
tsu
pplie
dby
the
man
ufac
ture
rte
sted
per
iodi
cally
,ati
nter
vals
ina
ccor
danc
ew
itha
ris
kas
sess
men
t?(3
.14)
7.3.
15W
here
cut
-out
dev
ices
are
foun
dto
be
faul
ty,d
oes
oper
atio
nof
the
unat
tend
ed
equi
pmen
tcea
seim
med
iate
lyu
ntil
the
safe
tyc
ut-o
utd
evic
esh
ave
been
sa
tisfa
ctor
ilyre
plac
edo
rre
paire
dby
ac
ompe
tent
eng
inee
r?(3
.15)
7.4
Co
mp
artm
enta
tion
(sec
tion
4)
7.4.
1W
here
ver
poss
ible
,is
any
proc
ess
that
isto
con
tinue
ope
ratin
gun
atte
nded
loca
ted
ina
sep
arat
eco
mpa
rtm
entd
esig
ned
top
rovi
dea
tlea
st6
0-m
inut
es’fi
rere
sist
ance
(in
tegr
itya
ndin
sula
tion)
?(4
.1)
8 9
Yes
No
N/A
Acti
on r
equir
ed
Due d
ate
Sig
n
on c
om
ple
tion
7.4.
2W
here
circ
umst
ance
sdo
not
allo
wu
natt
ende
dpr
oces
ses
tob
elo
cate
din
a
sepa
rate
fire
com
part
men
t,ar
eco
mbu
stib
lec
onst
ruct
ion
mat
eria
ls(i
nclu
ding
in
sula
ted
pane
lsw
ithc
ombu
stib
lec
ores
)phy
sica
llys
epar
ated
from
the
unat
tend
ed
proc
ess
toa
sui
tabl
ede
gree
?(4
.1)
7.4.
3W
here
circ
umst
ance
sdo
not
allo
wu
natt
ende
dpr
oces
ses
tob
elo
cate
din
a
sepa
rate
fire
com
part
men
tor
com
bust
ible
con
stru
ctio
nm
ater
ials
tob
eph
ysic
ally
se
para
ted
from
the
proc
ess,
do
the
exis
ting
com
bust
ible
con
stru
ctio
nm
ater
ials
in
the
imm
edia
tev
icin
ityp
rovi
dea
tlea
st6
0-m
inut
es’fi
rere
sist
ance
?(4
.1)
7.4.
4A
red
ucts
and
flue
sas
soci
ated
with
una
tten
ded
proc
esse
sof
fire
-res
ista
nt
cons
truc
tion
rout
edd
irect
lyto
the
outs
ide
with
outp
assi
ngth
roug
han
othe
rfir
eco
mpa
rtm
entw
ithin
the
build
ing?
(4.2
)
7.4.
5Is
car
eta
ken
toe
nsur
eth
ata
llho
les
arou
ndp
iped
ser
vice
s,d
ucts
and
cab
les
pass
ing
thro
ugh
the
wal
ls,fl
oor
and
ceilin
gof
the
com
part
men
tare
sui
tabl
yfir
est
oppe
d?(4
.3)
7.5
Fire
saf
ety
man
agem
ent
(sec
tion
5)
7.5.
1A
ree
lect
rical
inst
alla
tions
des
igne
d,in
stal
led
and
perio
dica
llyte
sted
by
aco
mpe
tent
ele
ctric
ian
ina
ccor
danc
ew
ithth
ecu
rren
tedi
tion
ofB
S7
671
and
insp
ectio
nsc
arrie
dou
ton
aris
kas
sess
edb
asis
as
reco
mm
ende
din
the
Per
iodi
cIn
spec
tion
Rep
ort?
(5.1
)
7.5.
2A
rea
sui
tabl
enu
mbe
rof
ele
ctric
als
ocke
tout
lets
pro
vide
dan
dth
eus
eof
ele
ctric
al
exte
nsio
nle
ads
and
adap
tors
pro
hibi
ted
inth
eco
mpa
rtm
enti
nw
hich
the
equi
pmen
tis
loca
ted?
(5.2
)
7.5.
3D
oes
the
sele
ctio
nof
the
equi
pmen
tfor
inst
alla
tion
take
into
acc
ount
the
findi
ngs
ofth
eD
SE
AR
ass
essm
ent,
whi
chid
entifi
esth
eha
zard
zon
esw
here
ther
em
ay
bep
oten
tialf
ore
xplo
sibl
equ
antit
ies
offl
amm
able
liqu
idv
apou
rso
rdu
sts
to
accu
mul
ate?
(5.3
)
7.5.
4Is
por
tabl
eel
ectr
ical
equ
ipm
enti
nspe
cted
and
test
eda
tlea
stin
acc
orda
nce
with
H
S(G
)107
and
/or
the
IEE
Co
de
of
pra
ctic
e fo
r in
-ser
vice
tes
ting
of
elec
tric
al
equi
pm
ent?
(5.4
)
7.5.
5W
here
the
risk
asse
ssm
enti
ndic
ates
that
ah
azar
dfro
ms
tatic
ele
ctric
ity
coul
dde
velo
p,h
asa
ppro
pria
tee
arth
ing
and
bond
ing
ofth
eeq
uipm
enta
nd
any
extr
aneo
usm
etal
par
tsb
een
intr
oduc
eda
ndre
gula
rin
spec
tions
oft
he
arra
ngem
ents
bee
nun
dert
aken
and
reco
rded
?(5
.5)
7.5.
6Is
the
oper
atio
nof
the
proc
ess
inde
pend
ento
fthe
tem
pera
ture
oft
hee
nclo
sure
in
whi
chit
islo
cate
d?(5
.6)
10 11
Yes
No
N/A
Acti
on r
equir
ed
Due d
ate
Sig
n
on c
om
ple
tion
7.5.
7B
efor
ese
ttin
gup
the
proc
ess
with
the
aim
ofa
llow
ing
itto
con
tinue
una
tten
ded,
ha
ves
taff
rece
ived
app
ropr
iate
inst
ruct
ion?
(5.7
)
7.5.
8If
the
equi
pmen
tis
loca
ted
ina
sep
arat
efir
eco
mpa
rtm
ent,
isth
est
orag
eof
co
mbu
stib
lem
ater
ials
,whe
ther
raw
mat
eria
ls,fi
nish
edp
rodu
cts
orp
acka
ging
,pr
ohib
ited
inth
atc
ompa
rtm
ent?
(5.8
)
7.5.
9If
the
equi
pmen
tis
notp
hysi
cally
isol
ated
,is
ana
rea
arou
ndth
epr
oces
sas
de
term
ined
by
aris
kas
sess
men
t,or
as
agre
edw
ithth
ein
sure
r,ke
ptfr
eeo
fsto
red
com
bust
ible
mat
eria
ls?
(5.8
)
7.5.
10A
rea
llco
mbu
stib
lew
aste
mat
eria
lsre
mov
eda
tlea
st1
0mfr
omth
ebu
ildin
g?(5
.9)
7.5.
11H
asth
epo
ssib
ility
ofd
elib
erat
efir
era
isin
gfro
mo
utsi
deth
ebu
ildin
g,b
yin
trud
ers
or
bys
taff,
bee
nas
sess
ed?
(5.1
0)
7.5.
12H
asg
ood
liais
onb
een
esta
blis
hed
byin
vitin
gth
efir
ean
dre
scue
ser
vice
tov
isit
the
site
and
be
invo
lved
ina
nem
erge
ncy
evac
uatio
nof
the
prem
ises
?(5
.11)
7.5.
13Is
rele
vant
info
rmat
ion
prov
ided
for
the
fire
and
resc
ues
ervi
cea
tap
rom
inen
tlo
catio
n?(5
.12)
7.6
Fire
pro
tect
ion
(sec
tion
6)
7.6.
1H
asa
nyfi
rep
rote
ctio
nsy
stem
bee
nsu
bjec
tto
afir
eris
kas
sess
men
tand
con
sulta
tion
with
the
insu
rer?
(6.1
)
7.6.
2Is
the
stru
ctur
ein
whi
chth
eun
atte
nded
pro
cess
isa
llow
edto
ope
rate
pro
tect
edb
yan
aut
omat
icfi
red
etec
tion
and
alar
ms
yste
md
esig
ned,
inst
alle
dan
dm
aint
aine
dby
an
engi
neer
with
acc
redi
tatio
nby
an
inde
pend
ent,
UK
AS
-acc
redi
ted
third
par
ty
cert
ifica
tion
body
?(6
.2)
7.6.
3Is
the
auto
mat
icfi
red
etec
tion
and
alar
ms
yste
mto
are
cogn
ised
cat
egor
yof
in
stal
latio
nin
acc
orda
nce
with
BS
583
9-1
asd
eter
min
edb
ya
risk
asse
ssm
ento
rin
con
sulta
tion
with
the
insu
rer?
(6.2
)
7.6.
4Is
the
auto
mat
icfi
red
etec
tion
and
alar
ms
yste
mm
onito
red
eith
ero
n-si
teo
rby
an
off-
site
ala
rmre
ceiv
ing
cent
rew
itha
ccre
dita
tion
bya
nin
depe
nden
t,U
KA
S-a
ccre
dite
dth
irdp
arty
cer
tifica
tion
body
and
ope
ratin
gin
acc
orda
nce
with
B
S5
979?
(6.3
)
7.6.
5Is
the
AFD
inst
alla
tion
perio
dica
llys
ervi
ced
and
mai
ntai
ned
bya
com
pete
nt
engi
neer
with
acc
redi
tatio
nby
an
inde
pend
ent,
UK
AS
-acc
redi
ted
third
par
ty
cert
ifica
tion
body
ina
ccor
danc
ew
ithB
S5
839-
1?(6
.4)
7.6.
6H
ave
prov
ing
test
sbe
enu
nder
take
nat
the
desi
gns
tage
toe
nsur
eth
atth
efir
esu
ppre
ssio
nsy
stem
iss
uita
ble
and
appr
opria
tefo
rth
ein
tend
eda
pplic
atio
n?(6
.5)
10 11
Yes
No
N/A
Acti
on r
equir
ed
Due d
ate
Sig
n
on c
om
ple
tion
7.6.
7D
oes
the
fire
supp
ress
ion
syst
emo
pera
tea
utom
atic
ally
as
soon
as
the
fire
is
dete
cted
?(6
.7)
7.6.
8H
asth
em
oste
ffect
ive
extin
guis
hing
age
ntfo
rth
epa
rtic
ular
app
licat
ion
been
se
lect
edfo
llow
ing
aris
kas
sess
men
t,ta
king
into
con
side
ratio
nth
eef
fect
iven
ess
ofth
eag
enta
sw
ella
sto
xici
ty,a
sphy
xiat
ion
pote
ntia
l,en
viro
nmen
tala
nd
cont
amin
atio
nis
sues
inth
eco
ntex
toft
hea
pplic
atio
nof
the
syst
em?
(6.8
)
7.6.
9Is
any
aut
omat
icfi
res
uppr
essi
ons
yste
mm
onito
red
byth
efir
eal
arm
pan
el,
and
iste
std
ata
avai
labl
eto
dem
onst
rate
the
effe
ctiv
enes
sof
the
syst
em?
(6.9
)
7.6.
10O
nop
erat
ion
ofth
efir
esu
ppre
ssio
nsy
stem
,doe
sth
epr
oces
sau
tom
atic
ally
sw
itch
offa
nda
ctiv
ate
rem
ote
sign
allin
g?(6
.10)
7.6.
11W
here
the
appl
icat
ion
for
the
fire
supp
ress
ion
syst
emm
ayb
ere
gard
eda
sa
Cla
ssB
(dee
pliq
uid)
isth
equ
antit
yof
ext
ingu
ishi
nga
gent
pro
vide
dre
late
dto
the
surfa
cea
rea
ofth
eliq
uid?
(6.1
1)
7.6.
12H
asa
hea
vier
-tha
n-ai
rex
tingu
ishi
ngg
as,s
uch
asc
arbo
ndi
oxid
e,b
een
cons
ider
ed
for
open
flui
dta
nk?
(6.1
2)
7.6.
13D
ofix
edfi
res
uppr
essi
onin
stal
latio
nsc
ompl
yw
ithth
ere
leva
ntB
ritis
hS
tand
ard
or
whe
reth
ere
isn
oap
prop
riate
Brit
ish
Sta
ndar
d,d
oth
eyfo
llow
bes
tpra
ctic
e?(6
.13)
7.6.
14A
refi
xed
fire
supp
ress
ion
syst
ems
desi
gned
,ins
talle
d,c
omm
issi
oned
and
m
aint
aine
dby
ac
ompa
nyw
itha
ccre
dita
tion
bya
nin
depe
nden
t,U
KA
S-a
ccre
dite
dth
irdp
arty
cer
tifica
tion
body
as
com
plyi
ngw
ithth
ere
quire
men
tso
fLP
S1
204
or
othe
rap
prop
riate
sta
ndar
d?(6
.14)
7.6.
15A
res
prin
kler
sys
tem
sde
sign
ed,i
nsta
lled,
com
mis
sion
eda
ndm
aint
aine
din
ac
cord
ance
with
the
LPC
Sp
rink
ler
Rul
es in
corp
ora
ting
BS
EN
128
45b
yen
gine
ers
havi
nga
ccre
dita
tion
bya
nin
depe
nden
t,U
KA
S-a
ccre
dite
dth
irdp
arty
ce
rtifi
catio
nbo
dy?
(6.1
5)
7.6.
16A
res
uppr
essi
ons
yste
ms
test
eda
ndm
aint
aine
dac
cord
ing
toth
ere
quire
men
ts
ofth
ere
leva
ntB
ritis
hS
tand
ard
and/
orth
ein
stal
ler’s
reco
mm
enda
tions
by
aco
mpe
tent
eng
inee
rw
itha
ccre
dita
tion
bya
nin
depe
nden
t,U
KA
S-a
ccre
dite
dth
ird
part
yce
rtifi
catio
nbo
dy?
(6.1
6)
7.6.
17A
rea
rran
gem
ents
inp
lace
for
the
prom
ptre
com
mis
sion
ing
ofa
nau
tom
atic
fire
su
ppre
ssio
nsy
stem
that
has
act
uate
d?(6
.17)
7.6.
18Fo
llow
ing
actu
atio
nof
the
fire
supp
ress
ion
syst
em,i
sth
ere
apr
ohib
ition
on
the
proc
ess
wor
king
una
tten
ded
until
the
auto
mat
icfi
res
uppr
essi
ons
yste
mh
asb
een
fully
reco
mm
issi
oned
and
the
equi
pmen
thas
bee
nfo
und
tob
ese
rvic
eabl
eby
a
com
pete
ntp
erso
n?(6
.18)
7.6.
19A
rea
sui
tabl
enu
mbe
rof
app
ropr
iate
por
tabl
efir
eex
tingu
ishe
rsa
vaila
ble
and
imm
edia
tely
acc
essi
ble
inth
eca
seo
fafi
re?
(6.1
9)
12 13
REFERENCES
1. RC5: Fire protection of laboratories, 2009,
RISCAuthority.Available from theRISCAuthoritywebsite:
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2. RC29:Recommendations for spark erosion machining,
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electrical equipment,2004,HealthandSafetyExecutive.
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StandardsInstitution.
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StandardsInstitution.
17. BS 5306-0: 1986: Fire extinguishing installations and
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equipment on premises. Foam systems. Specification
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equipment on premises. Foam systems. Specification
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practice,BritishStandardsInstitution.
administered by
FireProtectionAssociationLondonRoad,MoretoninMarshGloucestershireGL560RH,UKTel:+44(0)1608812500Fax:+44(0)1608812501Email:[email protected]:www.riscauthority.co.uk
2011©TheFireProtectionAssociationonbehalfofRISCAuthority
HardcopiesofthisdocumentmaybeobtainedfromthepublicationsdepartmentoftheFPAattheaboveaddress.
Electroniccopiesmaybeobtainedfromwww.riscauthority.co.uk.
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