Risk Assessments for Exposure of Risk Assessments for Exposure of Deployed Military Personnel to Deployed Military Personnel to Insecticides used for Personal Insecticides used for Personal Protection and Disease-Vector Protection and Disease-Vector Management Management Robert K. D. Peterson Robert K. D. Peterson Montana State University Montana State University Bozeman, Montana Bozeman, Montana
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Risk Assessments for Exposure of Deployed Military Personnel to Insecticides used for Personal Protection and Disease-Vector Management Robert K. D. Peterson.
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Risk Assessments for Exposure of Deployed Military Risk Assessments for Exposure of Deployed Military Personnel to Insecticides used for Personal Personnel to Insecticides used for Personal
Protection and Disease-Vector Management Protection and Disease-Vector Management
Robert K. D. PetersonRobert K. D. PetersonMontana State UniversityMontana State University
Bozeman, MontanaBozeman, Montana
ProblemProblem• Because of the lack of vaccines and therapeutic drugs,
vector management, including the use of personal
protective measures, is the best tool that deployed
military personnel have against most vector-borne
pathogens that cause disease
• In preparation for military operations and force-health
protection, the health risks from vector-borne
pathogens that cause disease and vector
management tactics need to be understood
ProblemProblem• Due to long-standing perceptions of risk from
pesticides, the use of insecticides may raise
concerns about their potential adverse health
effects on military personnel
• The uncertainties about exposure of the troops to
pesticides led the DOD to investigate the use and
management of pesticides during the Gulf War and to
raise concerns about the potential health effects of
pesticide exposures to service members in general
ObjectiveObjective
To use risk assessment methodologies to To use risk assessment methodologies to
evaluate health risks to deployed U.S. military evaluate health risks to deployed U.S. military
personnel from insect-vector management tacticspersonnel from insect-vector management tactics
Risk assessment is a formalized basis for Risk assessment is a formalized basis for the the objectiveobjective evaluation of risk in which evaluation of risk in which assumptionsassumptions and and uncertaintiesuncertainties are clearly are clearly considered and presented.considered and presented.
HazardIdentification
Dose-ResponseRelationships
ExposureAssessment
RiskCharacterization
Risk Assessment ParadigmRisk Assessment ParadigmP
robl
em
For
mu
latio
n
Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment
Extremely conservative assumptionsto screen out negligible risks
Reasonable worst-case scenarios
Tier I
Tier II
Tier III
Tier IV
Most refined assessment
MethodologyMethodology
Acute Exposure:Acute Exposure:
• Single-day exposures after a single application or Single-day exposures after a single application or use of the chemicaluse of the chemical
Subchronic Exposure:Subchronic Exposure:
• The exposure per day over 180 days with multiple The exposure per day over 180 days with multiple spray eventsspray events
Chronic Exposure:Chronic Exposure:
• The exposure per day over 250 days per year for The exposure per day over 250 days per year for 10 years10 years
Chosen based on EPA regulatory endpointsChosen based on EPA regulatory endpoints
Inhalation and dermal toxicity endpoints used for Inhalation and dermal toxicity endpoints used for respective exposure route and durationrespective exposure route and duration
No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) compared compared to estimated exposures to estimated exposures
MethodologyMethodology
Toxicity Endpoints:Toxicity Endpoints:
Permethrin Example:Permethrin Example:
Inhalation NOAEL = Inhalation NOAEL = 11 mg/kg body weight (BW)11 mg/kg body weight (BW)
Approach allows for the comparison of risks between Approach allows for the comparison of risks between vector-borne diseases and vector management vector-borne diseases and vector management
strategies strategies
AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments
U.S. Armed Forces Pest Management U.S. Armed Forces Pest Management Board's Deployed War Fighter Board's Deployed War Fighter Protection Research ProgramProtection Research Program