Risk Assessment 1.1 Risk Assessment The principal objective of the risk assessment study is to identify and quantify the major hazards and the risk associated with various operations of the proposed project, which may lead to emergency consequences (disasters) affecting the public safety and health. Based on this information, an emergency preparedness plan is to be prepared to mitigate the consequences. The approach involves hazards identification, hazards assessment and evaluation, developing Disaster Management Plan (DMP). 1.1.1 Objective of the study The main objectives of the Risk Assessment Studies are as given below: To identify the potential hazards and their sources. To define various accident release scenarios with respect to the hazard. To assess the damage caused by the source in the event of accidents. To devise strategies for the prevention of the accidents. To define and assess emergencies, including risk impact assessment. To control and contain incidents. To safeguard employees and people in vicinity. To minimize damage to property and environment. To inform the employees, the general public and the authority about the hazards / risk assessed, safeguards provided, residual risk if any and the role to be played in them in the event of emergency. To ensure safety of the workers before personnel re-enter and resume work. To work out a plan with all provisions to handle emergencies and to provide for emergency preparedness and the periodical rehearsal of the plan.
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Risk Assessment
1.1 Risk Assessment
The principal objective of the risk assessment study is to identify and quantify the major
hazards and the risk associated with various operations of the proposed project, which may
lead to emergency consequences (disasters) affecting the public safety and health. Based on
this information, an emergency preparedness plan is to be prepared to mitigate the
consequences. The approach involves hazards identification, hazards assessment and
evaluation, developing Disaster Management Plan (DMP).
1.1.1 Objective of the study
The main objectives of the Risk Assessment Studies are as given below:
To identify the potential hazards and their sources.
To define various accident release scenarios with respect to the hazard.
To assess the damage caused by the source in the event of accidents.
To devise strategies for the prevention of the accidents.
To define and assess emergencies, including risk impact assessment.
To control and contain incidents.
To safeguard employees and people in vicinity.
To minimize damage to property and environment.
To inform the employees, the general public and the authority about the hazards /
risk assessed, safeguards provided, residual risk if any and the role to be played in
them in the event of emergency.
To ensure safety of the workers before personnel re-enter and resume work.
To work out a plan with all provisions to handle emergencies and to provide for
emergency preparedness and the periodical rehearsal of the plan.
1.1.2 Identification of hazards
The proposed facility would collect and dispose infectious bio-medical waste through
autoclaving (disinfection) and incineration. The potential hazards associated with the
proposed facility are primarily classified into:
Chemical/Biological Hazards:
Toxicity
Flammable
Health hazards due to infection
Physical Hazard:
Noise
Electrical Hazard
1.1.3 Hazards associated with Diesel Storage
1.1.3.1. Details of Diesel Storage Facility
The list of hazardous materials with classification, state and storage details are given in
following Table 1.1 and Table 1.2.
Table 1.1
Hazardous Chemicals at Site
Sl.
No
Chemical Use Nature of
Chemical
(Schedule 1 & 3)
Type of Storage
& No’s
Storage
Quantity
1 High Speed
Diesel
Fuel for DG Set and
Incinerator
Highly Flammable Stored in MS
Barrels
1.2 KL
Table 1.2
Summary Table on the Inventories for HSD
Chemical Codes/ Label
TLV FBP MP FP LEL UEL
%
HSD (High Speed Diesel)
Flammable 800 ppm 215 - 3760 C NA 320 C 0.6 6.0
TLV : Threshold Limit Value FBP : Final Boiling Point
A storage tank of HSD with a capacity of 1.2 KL is considered for the proposed project. Tank
fire would occur if the radiation intensity is high on the peripheral surface of tanks leading to
increase in internal tank pressure. Pool fire would occur when fuel oil collected in the dyke
due to leakage gets ignited. As the tanks are provided within the dyke the fire will be confined
within the dyke wall.
Site Data
Location Lohardaga - Jharkhand
Chemical Data
Chemical Name High Speed Diesel
Molecular Weight 114.23 g/mol
Upper Explosive Limit 6%
Lower Explosive Limit 0.6%
Boiling Point 215-376 ° C
Ambient Saturation
Concentration
3.60%
Atmospheric Data: (Manual Input of Data)
Wind Speed 2.30 m/s
Wind Direction NW
Ambient Temperature 36° C
Stability Class D (Neutral)
Relative Humidity 80%
Source Strength
Source Puddle
Type of Puddle Burning Puddle
Initial Puddle Temperature Air temperature
Puddle Volume 1200 liters
Puddle Area 10 square meters
Flame Length 11 meters
Burn Duration 16 minutes
Burn Rate 53.1 kilograms/min
Total Amount Burned 832 kilograms
Threat Zone
Threat Modeled Thermal radiation from pool fire
10 kW/m2 less than 10 meters (potentially lethal within 60 sec)
4.5 kW/m2 14 meters (2nd degree burns within 60 sec)
1.6 kW/m2 23 meters (pain within 60 sec)
Figure 1.1
Risk Contours with Pool Fire Threat Zone
greater than 10.0 kW/m2 (potentially lethal within 60 sec) (not drawn)
greater than 4.5 kW/m2 (2nd degree burns within 60 sec)
greater than 1.6 kW/m2 (pain within 60 sec)
Figure 1.2
Damage distances of Pool Fire scenario
1.1.3.3. Safety precautions for the storage of fuel
- Separately stored with proper enclosures and marked within premises in closed shed
- Proper ventilation to be provided
- Sufficient fire extinguishers and PPE to be provided
- Flame proof fittings to be provided
- Smoking to be prohibited
1.1.4. Process Hazards and Control Measures
Hazards associated with proposed processes (incineration and autoclaving) are listed out
in Table 1.3 along with proposed control measures. In addition, potential hazards
associated with other hazards are listed out in Table 1.4 along with proposed control
measures.
Table 1.3
Process Hazards and Controls
S.No Name Of Plant
Hazardous Process And Operation
Materials In The Process /
Operation With Their Quantity
Name Of The Vessel
And Its Location
Operating Parameters
Type Of Hazards Possible
Control Measures Provided
1. Incineration plant
Incineration Yellow category
waste
Primary chamber
and secondary chamber
Incineration area
Temperature 800±50oC –
primary chamber and 1050±50oC –
secondary chamber
Fire, Explosion,
Burn
Fully Automatic PLC & SCADA
Control Emergency Local Stop
Fire Extinguisher CO2)PPE
Emergency provision for Fire
Brigade from outside source.
2. Autoclave Sterilization Red Category waste
Autoclave Temp. around 135 oC & 2.2
Kg./sq.cm pressure
Fire, health Hazard
Fully automatic Computer based
automation Emergency Local
Stop PPE
Table 1.4
Other Hazards and Its Control
S.No
Name Of The
Possible Hazard
Or Emergency
Its Source &
Reason
Its Effects On
Persons,
Property &
Environment
Place Of
Effect
Control Measures Provided
1. Transformer Blast/Fire
Electrical Short circuit/Power Fluctuation
Burning , Personnel injury Fire
Within transformer yard & substation
Regular inspection electrical equipment PPE, Emergency provision of Fire Extinguisher (CO2) and Fire Brigade from outside source. First Aid facilities within premises.
2. Building/ Structure collapse
Corrosion/ Erosion
Personnel injury, material
Within premises
Regular inspection to check corrosion/erosion in the steel structure.
damage Regular maintenance of building and structure
3. Earthquake Natural
Personnel injury, material damage
Operating Plant
Earthquake resistant plant
4. Cyclone Natural
Personnel injury, material damage
Operating plant
Design of plant with consideration of wind speed
5. Flood Natural
Personnel injury, material damage
Operating Plant
Drainage system to make way for water
1.2. Firefighting system
Management to take into consideration fire prevention measures at the project planning
and during plant commissioning stage to avoid any outbreak of fire. But looking to the
operation, the chances of outbreak of fire cannot be totally refuted. Hence to avoid such a
scenario, following fighting equipments will be employed.
Table 1.5
List of Proposed Fire Fighting Equipment
S.No Name of Equipment Proposed
1. ABC type fire extinguisher 5 kg 5
2. ABC type fire extinguisher 2 kg 10
3. Foam type fire extinguisher 50 Liters 1
4. CO2 type fire extinguisher 4.5 kg 5
5. Hydrant Post 3
6. 10 liter Sand Bucket 5
7. Hose Reel 3
8. Trailer driven pump 1
1.3. Risk assessment and Mitigation measures
Workers handling and disposing biomedical waste are at potential risk of exposure to
infection from sharps- related accidents or when containers of waste burst, open and leak,
or spills of certain waste materials occur.
Exposure to a needle or other sharp object contaminated with the blood of an infectious
person presents the greatest potential risk for transmission of HBV, HIV, and other blood
borne pathogens to the health-care worker and waste handler.
Mitigation measures:
Company will take reasonable steps to reduce the risk of exposure to infection by
establishing written policies and procedures based upon the most currently accepted
clinical and occupational health and safety information in consultation with workers,
handling and disposing of biomedical waste. These policies and procedures will be
reviewed and updated regularly, with compliance to their requirements verified as
necessary.
Make sure that waste haulers and handlers will always be proper clothed and wear
personal protective equipment so that harmful agents, whether physical, chemical, or
infectious, are prevented from gaining access to open wounds, cuts, or by absorption
through the skin. Personal protective equipment may include cut proof gloves, gowns,
safety glasses, protective foot wear, etc.
A course of Hepatitis B (HBV) vaccine will be offered to all employees dealing with
handling and disposing of biomedical waste who are at risk of exposure to human
blood, blood products, or body secretions.
Appropriate protective equipment, including dust masks, heavy gloves and safety
shoes with puncture-proof toes and soles to avoid injury to Staff responsible for
loading and cleaning out incinerators.
Mitigation measures to minimize risk in case of spillage of infectious fluid are
Visible material will be first removed with disposable towels or other appropriate
means that prevents direct contact with blood. If splashing is anticipated, both
protective eyewear and clothing will be worn.
The area will be decontaminated with an appropriate germicide.
Hands will be washed after gloves are removed.
Soiled cleaning equipment will be cleaned and decontaminated or placed in an
appropriate container for disposal.
Plastic waste-holding bags will be made available for removing contaminated items
from the site of the spill.
Shoes and boots can sometimes become contaminated with blood. If there is
massive blood contamination on floors, the use of disposable, impervious shoe
coverings will be considered.
1.4. Disaster management plan
The objective of the study is to assess the likely hazards and risk associated with process and
preparation of preliminary Disaster Management Plan (DMP). These guidelines would be in
addition to the Guidelines issued by the NDMA which are available at
http://ndma.gov.in/ndma/guidelines.html. The main objectives of DMP are:-
To control and contain the incident/accident and if possible, eliminate it
To minimize the effects of the incident on persons, property and environment
On-site Disaster
If an accident/incident takes place within the Industrial Area and its effects are confined to
the premises, involving only the persons working in the Industrial area and the property
inside the Industrial area, it is called as On-site Disaster.
Off-site Disaster
If the accident is such that its affects inside the Industrial Area are uncontrollable and it may
spread outside the premises, it is called as Off-site Disaster.