Rise of Totalitarian Leaders. A. European Struggle 1. Economic issues a. Depression- worldwide, not just the US! b. Hyperinflation- Germany, 1920s c.

Rise of Totalitarian Rise of Totalitarian LeadersLeaders

Rise of Totalitarian LeadersRise of Totalitarian Leaders

A. A. European StruggleEuropean Struggle

1. Economic issues1. Economic issues

a. a. DepressionDepression- worldwide, not just - worldwide, not just the the US!US!

b. Hyperinflation- Germany, 1920sb. Hyperinflation- Germany, 1920s

c. Loss of manpower and industry c. Loss of manpower and industry due to due to WWIWWI

d. Food issues (starvation in d. Food issues (starvation in Germany)Germany)

Rise of Totalitarian LeadersRise of Totalitarian Leaders

2. Nationalism2. Nationalisma. Extreme love for one’s countrya. Extreme love for one’s country

1. Embarrassment for the 1. Embarrassment for the Germans Germans after the War Guilt after the War Guilt clause and clause and reparations.reparations.

2. Military restrictions for 2. Military restrictions for GermanyGermany

a. Max 100,000 troops and a. Max 100,000 troops and air air force/navy limitsforce/navy limits

3. Nationalist feelings in England, 3. Nationalist feelings in England, France and Italy as well!France and Italy as well!

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3. Angry Population3. Angry Population

a. Bitternessa. Bitterness

b. Looking for a solution, or an b. Looking for a solution, or an answeranswer

c. A return to greatness?c. A return to greatness?

*These new leaders promised *These new leaders promised economic recovery, military economic recovery, military

might, might, and above all, a and above all, a restoration of pride restoration of pride and hope!and hope!

Totalitarian leadersTotalitarian leaders

B. Case StudiesB. Case Studies

1. 1. ITALYITALY: Rise of Mussolini and Fascism: Rise of Mussolini and Fascism

a. Benito Mussolini: a former teacher a. Benito Mussolini: a former teacher and and journalistjournalist

b. Created the system of “fascism”b. Created the system of “fascism”

c. c. FascismFascism- A totalitarian - A totalitarian government government ruling through unity. The ruling through unity. The state is more state is more important than any important than any individual!individual!

FascesFasces

From Latin meaning bundle of sticks – Romans carried as a symbol of authority and community

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2. RUSSIA2. RUSSIAa. Joseph (or sometimes Josef) Stalina. Joseph (or sometimes Josef) Stalinb. Communist Revolution- 1917b. Communist Revolution- 19171. Death of Lenin in 19241. Death of Lenin in 19242. Stalin, after a power struggle among 2. Stalin, after a power struggle among other Communist leaders, takes over.other Communist leaders, takes over.3. Stalin believes in “purging” or 3. Stalin believes in “purging” or killing/imprisoning enemies.killing/imprisoning enemies.4. Through his rule over 10-12 million 4. Through his rule over 10-12 million people are killed in purges!people are killed in purges!

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3. GERMANY3. GERMANYa. Adolf Hitler- Joins the Nazi party in a. Adolf Hitler- Joins the Nazi party in 19201920b. Instantly becomes a rising star with b. Instantly becomes a rising star with his rousing, energetic speeches.his rousing, energetic speeches.

1. 1923- Hitler and followers try 1. 1923- Hitler and followers try to to overthrow the democratic overthrow the democratic German German govt.govt.

2. He is arrested and sent to 2. He is arrested and sent to prisonprison

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3. In jail, Hitler writes his most 3. In jail, Hitler writes his most famous work famous work Mein KampfMein Kampf (My (My Struggle)Struggle)

a. In this book, Hitler celebrates a. In this book, Hitler celebrates struggle, German struggle, as a struggle, German struggle, as a key to future success.key to future success.

b. Hitler mixes nationalism, b. Hitler mixes nationalism, fascist fascist ideas, and racism/Darwinism.ideas, and racism/Darwinism.

c. Hitler capitalizes on anti-c. Hitler capitalizes on anti-Jewish Jewish sentiment in Germany!sentiment in Germany!

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4. Eventually the Nazi party gains 4. Eventually the Nazi party gains powerpower

5. The German President appoints 5. The German President appoints Hitler as Chancellor (Prime Hitler as Chancellor (Prime

Minister) Minister) of the German congress, of the German congress, the the ReichstagReichstag. (1933). (1933)

a. Hitler begins to follow his a. Hitler begins to follow his plans of militarization, plans of militarization,

nationalist pride, nationalist pride, public works public works projects, and projects, and racism.racism.

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c. c. Hitler’s Racial PoliciesHitler’s Racial Policies1. Believed in racial superiority 1. Believed in racial superiority

of of the German people (Aryans the German people (Aryans is a is a term he used)term he used)

2. Wanted to re-establish a 2. Wanted to re-establish a German German EmpireEmpire

3. Anti Semitic- Blamed Jewish 3. Anti Semitic- Blamed Jewish people for many of the economic people for many of the economic

issues in Germany at the issues in Germany at the time.time.

Cult of Personality Assign.Cult of Personality Assign.

► Your job is to create a cult of personality for Your job is to create a cult of personality for yourself.yourself.

► It should show you as:It should show you as: Powerful, all-knowing, intelligent, kind and Powerful, all-knowing, intelligent, kind and

loving.loving. YOU MUST HAVE A MESSAGE (school approp)YOU MUST HAVE A MESSAGE (school approp) You can advertise yourself in a couple of You can advertise yourself in a couple of

waysways► Advertisement/PosterAdvertisement/Poster► Poem/SongPoem/Song► SkitSkit

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C. Totalitarian Military ExpansionC. Totalitarian Military Expansion

1. One of Hitler’s new ideas was the 1. One of Hitler’s new ideas was the need for “living space.”need for “living space.”

a. This was a right of a superior a. This was a right of a superior people, people, like the Aryans, according to like the Aryans, according to Hitler.Hitler.

b. The Germans had the right to b. The Germans had the right to expand, expand, especially to include other especially to include other German German speakers.speakers.

Maps!!!Maps!!!

►Map ExerciseMap ExerciseColor in Each Totalitarian nation:Color in Each Totalitarian nation:

ItalyItaly

GermanyGermany

RussiaRussia

Next… let us color in the areas these Next… let us color in the areas these Totalitarian nations expanded into!Totalitarian nations expanded into!