Rise of New Leaders and Ideas in Europe during the 1930s

Contestant #1 I am a womanizer, have self-interested policies

and unfortunately suffer from ailing health.

Contestant #2I have a drinking habit and a defiant tongue or attitude

Contestant #3I am a decorated war hero,

do not drink and want to create a stable economy

Contestant #3Contestant #2Contestant #1

Where do you Where do you stand? stand?

Complete Political Spectrum Quiz (on Complete Political Spectrum Quiz (on moodle)moodle)

What is your score?What is your score?Stand on the line.Stand on the line.

Now- think about:Now- think about: What is more important, individual rights or What is more important, individual rights or

rights of the nation as a whole?rights of the nation as a whole? In times of crisis, how much control should In times of crisis, how much control should

be given to the police and military in a be given to the police and military in a country?country?

Who should control the media (government Who should control the media (government or corporations)?or corporations)?

Can a government that has only one leader Can a government that has only one leader be effective?be effective?

What is it?What is it?When would it When would it be useful?be useful?

Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the statestate(political, military, economy, social, cultural)(political, military, economy, social, cultural)

Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms)Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms)

Strict controls and laws Strict controls and laws

Military state (secret police, army, military)Military state (secret police, army, military)

Censorship (opposing literature and ideas)Censorship (opposing literature and ideas)

Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers, posters)Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers, posters)

One leader (dictator); charismatic One leader (dictator); charismatic

Total conformity of people to ideas and leaderTotal conformity of people to ideas and leader

Terror and Fear Terror and Fear

Treaty of Versailles

Black Tuesday 1929- stock market crashes

Great Depressionduring 1930s

Increasing influence of new political parties that emphasize

state control-For example: Communism,

Nazism, Fascism

Total Controlof State by a

Dictator

Nazism

FascismCommunism

*These theories, specifically Communism and Fascism, are completely different theories that are bitterly opposed; however they exhibit the same behaviour

Totalitarianism

I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from 1922-1953.

What is Communism?

• LEFT WING• based on theory by Karl Marx• revolutionary idea of a political, economic and social system that creates a “classless society”• state ownership and control of the means of production (no private ownership)• Soviet Communism or “Stalinism”, was more of a totalitarian and military state combined with elements of communism

I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of Italy from 1922 to 1943.

What is Fascism?

• RIGHT WING• intense nationalism and elitism• totalitarian control • interests of the state more important than individual rights• maintain class system and private ownership

Interesting Fact: Fascism name was derived from the fasces, an ancient Roman symbol of authority consisting of a bundle of rods and an ax

I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945. What is Nazism?

• extremely fascist , nationalistic and totalitarian • based on beliefs of the National Socialist German Workers Party• belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan, the “master race”• belief that all Germans should have “lebensraum” or living space in Europe•Violent hatred towards Jews and blamed Germany’s problems on them

• GESTAPOGESTAPO:: the Secret State Police the Secret State Police • SSSS (Schutzstaffel):(Schutzstaffel): Defense Corps “black shirts”, an Defense Corps “black shirts”, an elite guard unit formed out of the SAelite guard unit formed out of the SA

• SASA (Sturmabteilung): (Sturmabteilung): Stormtroopers "brown-shirts" Stormtroopers "brown-shirts" early private Nazi army that protected leaders and early private Nazi army that protected leaders and opposed rival political partiesopposed rival political parties

• LebensraumLebensraum (living space): (living space): concept that emphasized concept that emphasized need for territorial expansion of Germany into eastneed for territorial expansion of Germany into east

• WehrmachtWehrmacht: : German armyGerman army

• HJHJ (Hitler Jugend): (Hitler Jugend): Hitler YouthHitler Youth

• EinstazgruppenEinstazgruppen: : Nazi Death Squad; mobile killing Nazi Death Squad; mobile killing unitsunits

• Volk:Volk: all inclusive concept of nation, people and race, all inclusive concept of nation, people and race, implying the superiority of German culture and race; led implying the superiority of German culture and race; led to policy of to policy of VolksgemeinschaftVolksgemeinschaft (idea of a harmonized (idea of a harmonized racial Nazi community in government policies and racial Nazi community in government policies and programs)programs)

This Nazi propaganda poster reads, ‘Behind the enemy powers: the Jew.

“The Eternal Jew”Depiction of a Jew holding gold coins in one hand and a whip in the other. Under his arm is a map of the world, with the imprint of the hammer and sickle. Posters like this promoted a sharp rise in anti-Semitic

feelings, and in some cases violence against the Jewish community.