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Southern Colonies: geography, relations with Native Americans, and economic development
2 Understand 2 Application
SSUSH1c EXPLAIN
New England Colonies: geography, relations with Native Americans, and economic development
2 Understand 2 Application
SSUSH1d EXPLAIN
Middle Colonies: geography, relations with Native Americans, and economic development
2 Understand 2 Application
Supporting Standards
SSUSH2 Describe the early English colonial society and investigate the development of its governance. a. Describe European cultural diversity including the contributions of different ethnic and religious groups. b. Describe the Middle Passage, the growth of the African population and their contributions, including but not limited to architecture, agriculture, and foodways. c. Describe different methods of colonial self-governance in the period of Salutary Neglect d. Explain the role of the Great Awakening in creating unity in the colonies and challenging traditional authority. SSUSH3 Analyze the causes of the American Revolution. a. Explain how the French and Indian War and the 1763 Treaty of Paris laid the groundwork for the American Revolution. b. Explain colonial response to the Proclamation of 1763, the Stamp Act, and the Intolerable Acts as seen in the Sons and Daughters of Liberty and the Committees of Correspondence. c. Explain the importance of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense to the movement for independence. SSUSH4 Analyze the ideological, military, social, and diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution. a. Investigate the intellectual sources, organization, and argument of the Declaration of Independence including the role of Thomas Jefferson and the Committee of Five. b. Explain the reason for and significance of the French alliance and other foreign assistance including the diplomacy of Benjamin Franklin and John Adams. c. Analyze George Washington as a military leader, including but not limited to the influence of Baron von Steuben, the Marquis de LaFayette, and the significance of Valley Forge in the creation of a professional military. d. Investigate the role of geography at the Battles of Trenton, Saratoga, and Yorktown. e. Examine the roles of women, American Indians, and enslaved and free Blacks in supporting the war effort. f. Explain the significance of the Treaty of Paris, 1783. Map and Globe Skills: 7. Use a map to explain impact of geography on historical and current events
8. Draw conclusions and make generalizations based on information from maps 11. Compare maps with data sets (charts, tables, graphs) and/or readings to draw conclusions and make generalizations Information Processing Skills: 1. Compare similarities and differences 2. Organize items chronologically 5. Identify main idea, detail, sequence of events, and cause and effect in a social studies context 9. Construct charts and tables 11. Draw conclusions and make generalizations 15. Determine adequacy and/or relevancy of information
Essential Questions Corresponding Big Ideas
1. How does the location (geography) of an area affect a society's economy, culture and development?
2. How did contemporary values and beliefs of the colonial period affect the existing documents and change the way society was governed?
1. The location, region, physical features, human-environmental interaction, and movement and migration of humans affect a society's economic and cultural development.
2. Events in American history such as the Great Awakening, along with Enlightenment ideas and documents, changed the way colonists felt and wanted to be governed by altering contemporary values and beliefs.
Student Version: Please see file in OneDrive 11_UShistory_Unit01_preassessment Teacher Version: Please see file in OneDrive 11_UShistory_Unit01_preassessment_teacher
The year is 1783. You are an American Revolutionary veteran returning home. You are shocked and disheartened to learn there are still some individuals who consider themselves British and not American.
Your challenge: Create a narrative with supporting documents for your local library detailing the origins and development of British North America and examining the development of a new American identity.
Performance Task Synopses
Task 1: SSUSH1,SSUSH2ab,MGS7,MGS8, IPS1, IPS5, IPS11 In small collaborative groups, students will examine the establishment of British North America by comparing the geography, social development, and economy of each colonial region.
Task 2: SSUSH2cd,SSUSH3, IPS5, IPS11 In small collaborative groups, students will examine the development of colonial self-government, and analyze the influences that unified the British North American colonies. Task 3: SSUSH3;SSUSH4abdf, IPS2,IPS5, IPS11 In small collaborative groups, students will examine the primary causes of the American Revolution Task 4: SSUSH4bce In small collaborative groups, students will analyze the ideological, military, social, and diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution Task 5: SSUSH1; SSUSH2;SSUSH3;SSUSH4,IPS5,IPS15
In small collaborative groups, students will create a written narrative detailing the transformation of the colonists from British subjects to American citizens.
Performance Task 1 In Detail
Task 1 Student Directions: In small collaborative groups, students will gather information (research as necessary) the development of each region of British North America 1. Research colonial regions and detail the following:
a. The importance of geography in the development of each region b. The social development of each region, including various European ethnic groups, the
relationship with the Native Americans, the role of the Middle Passage, and how the growth in the African population in America included contributions such as architecture, agriculture, customs, and tradition.
c. The economic development of each region, including ways in which the economic development differed, the impact of mercantilism, and the Trans-Atlantic Trade.
2. Create a graphic organizer including the information and ideas above. Task 1 Teacher Notes:
• An introduction to the content for this task will take place using whole group instruction prior to the students beginning the task. Students have been given the autonomy to create their own charts as long as all content is included, however if teachers deem it necessary, they may of course provide the students with a template.
• Chart paper or butcher paper may be helpful to allow students enough space to create their graphic organizers.
• An enrichment activity may require students to create a map including information from the graphic organizer, including religious groups, crops, main economic activities, etc.
• An intervention strategy may require the teacher to direct students towards acceptable sources.
• Teacher Resources: o http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/usstates/colonies.htm o https://www.landofthebrave.info/mercantilism.htm
• Created a graphic organizer providing details for each of the three colonial regions.
• Included a standards-based, accurate summary for each colonial region on 1. Geography 2. Social
development 3. Economic
development
• Included additional information on each colonial regions beyond the standard.
• Provided primary source evidence with source citations.
• Created a graphic organizer providing details for each of the three colonial regions.
• Included a standards-based, accurate summary for each colonial region on 1. Geography 2. Social
development 3. Economic
development
• Graphic organizer included three colonial regions, but information for each colonial region is incomplete or contains some inaccuracies.
• Graphic organizer included fewer than three colonial regions, and the information for each colonial region is incomplete or contains several inaccuracies.
Performance Task 2 In Detail
Task 2 Student Directions: In small collaborative groups, students will gather information on early colonial government forms, Salutary Neglect, the Great Awakening, and the influence of the enlightenment that both helped unify and change the British North American colonies. 1. Identify and define the following terms, concepts, and/or events:
a. Mayflower Compact b. New England town meetings c. House of Burgesses d. Salutary Neglect
e. Great Awakening 2. Create a graphic organizer summarizing the elements identified above and describe their significance 3. Write a letter as a colonist to your British relatives explaining and detailing the growing feelings of "Americanism" and how these feelings created tension in British-American relations Task 2 Teacher Notes:
• Additional research opportunities will be required.
• For the graphic organizer be sure to have students explore the significance of these topics, rather than simply defining them.
• Advise students not to overstate the emergence of American identity, as many residents of British North America considered themselves British up until the Revolution. (Even as late as the Olive Branch Petition of 1775, colonial leaders wrote of loyalty and affection for the crown.)
• An enrichment activity may require students to incorporate antecedent documents such as the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut and Iroquois Constitution.
• An intervention strategy may provide students with teacher-created summaries of the topics and allow them to describe the significance for each.
Performance Task 2 Scoring Guide
4 Advanced Demonstrates
Advanced Proficiency
3 Proficient Demonstrates
Proficiency
2 Basic Demonstrates Partial
Proficiency
1 Below Basic Does Not Meet
Proficiency
• Identified and defined the required concepts and terms.
• Created a graphic organizer summarizing and describing the significance of the required concepts and terms.
• Wrote a letter describing the development of American unity and tension in British-American relations.
• Accurately used required concepts and terms within the letter.
• Identified and defined the required concepts and terms.
• Created a graphic organizer summarizing and describing the significance of the required concepts and terms.
• Wrote a letter describing the development of American unity and tension in British-American relations.
• Identified and defined the required concepts and terms, but did not summarize or describe their significance using a graphic organizer.
• Letter is incomplete and does not describe the development of American unity or tension in British-American relations.
• Graphic organizer or letter contain some inaccuracies.
• Identified and defined fewer than the five (5) required concepts and terms, and did not summarize or describe their significance using a graphic organizer.
• Letter is incomplete and does not describe the development of American unity and tension in British-American relations.
• Provided primary source evidence with source citations.
several inaccuracies.
Performance Task 3 In Detail
Task 3 Student Directions: In small collaborative groups, students will create a timeline analyzing the causes, events, and effects of the American Revolution. 1. Each timeline must include the following people/places/events: a. French and Indian War b. Treaty of Paris (1763) c. Proclamation of 1763 d. Stamp Act e. Intolerable Acts f. Sons and Daughters of Liberty g. Committees of Correspondence h. Thomas Paine's Common Sense i. Declaration of Independence j. American-French alliance k. winter camp at Valley Forge l. Battle of Trenton m. Battle of Saratoga n. Battle of Yorktown o. Treaty of Paris (1783) 2. Each element on the timeline must be placed in chronological order. Each element must be annotated to include the appropriate date, and a written explanation of how this element contributed to the American Revolution. 3. Discuss and select the five most significant turning points on the road to Revolution, and describe in detail each element in one paragraph. Task 3 Teacher Notes:
• Students should be placed into cooperative/collaborative groups of 4 students where possible.
• Each student in the group should have a specific and well-identified responsibility.
• An enrichment activity would encourage students to deepen their understanding of the period’s events and to make connections to the causes, practices, and events leading to the revolution by examining a variety of documents. Such documents include, but are not limited to the Currency Act, 1767 NY Quartering Act, changes in the evidence necessary to prove Navigation Act violations, misuse of Writs of Assistance, the Gaspee Affair, Quebec Act, Tea Act as well events during the revolution such as the three British strategies for victory and how the final strategy lead to Yorktown, etc.
• An intervention strategy may decrease the required concepts within the timeline as well as the number of paragraphs required.
• Teacher Resources: o https://www.gilderlehrman.org/ o http://teachingamericanhistory.org/ o https://www.docsteach.org/ o The "Liberty's Kids" animated series.
Performance Task 3 Scoring Guide
4 Advanced Demonstrates Advanced
Proficiency
3 Proficient Demonstrates
Proficiency
2 Basic Demonstrates Partial
Proficiency
1 Below Basic Does Not Meet
Proficiency
• Created a chronological, annotated timeline of 15 required elements.
• Selected more than five (5) significant turning points and provided one paragraph for each element.
• Provided primary source evidence with source citations.
• Created a chronological, annotated timeline of 15 required elements.
• Selected the five (5) most significant turning points and provided one paragraph for each element.
• Timeline was not chronological, but was accurately annotation.
• Selected fewer than five (5) significant turning points, but provided a detailed paragraph.
• Timeline was incomplete and is missing or contains inaccurate annotation.
• Selected fewer than five (5) significant turning points, and did not provide a detailed paragraph for each.
Task 4 Student Directions: In small collaborative groups, students will select one of the following products to create demonstrating the roles and significance of the required elements. You may include multiple elements within each product you choose to create.
a. political cartoon(s) b. illustration(s) c. paragraph-length explanation(s)
Required elements:
a. wartime diplomacy of Benjamin Franklin and John Adams b. George Washington as a military leader c. Foreign military aid (e.g. Baron von Steuben and Marquis de Lafayette) d. women e. American Indians f. enslaved and free African Americans or Blacks
Task 4 Teacher Notes:
• Additional research opportunities will be required • An enrichment activity may require solely the creation of multiple more rigorous products (i.e.,
political cartoons, propaganda pieces, etc.) • An intervention strategy may provide students with a template or additional examples of products.
Performance Task 4 Scoring Guide
4 Advanced Demonstrates
Advanced Proficiency
3 Proficient Demonstrates
Proficiency
2 Basic Demonstrates Partial
Proficiency
1 Below Basic Does Not Meet
Proficiency
• Created a product accurately detailing the role and significance of the required element.
• Product included multiple elements.
• Product included additional topics or identified groups
• Created a product accurately detailing the role and significance of the required element.
• Created a product detailing the role or significance of the required element.
• Product contains some inaccuracies.
• Product incomplete or does not detail the role or significance of a provided required element.
• Provided referenced primary source evidence with source citations.
Performance Task 5 In Detail
Task 5 Student Directions: In small collaborative groups, students will create written narratives to show how the colonists evolved from loyal British subjects to American citizens. Each group member will explain one of the topics below, using supporting evidence from Performance Tasks 1-4. Each group should select a member who will proofread all of the narratives.
• Group Member 1: Early colonial development • Group Member 2: Emergence of American identity • Group Member 3: Road to revolution • Group Member 4: Revolutionary War – causes, practices, effects
Task 5 Teacher Notes:
• If groups do not contain four members, students may have to assume an additional task.
• Students’ narratives should include specific details and evidence to support their claims
• An enrichment activity may require few students in a group or the creation of additional visual aids.
• An intervention strategy may require more than four students per group, additional students could be proofreaders or editors; alternatively, a fifth student could be tasked with creating the visual project explained in the advanced domain below.
• Created four (4) written narratives detailing the evolution of colonists from British subjects to American citizens.
• Each narrative detailed the following: 1. Early colonial
development 2. Emergence of
American identity 3. Road to
Revolution 4. Revolutionary
War.
• Additionally used technology (e.g. PowerPoint, Prezi, Microsoft Movie Maker, etc.) to convey the content of their written narratives in a visual manner.
• Provided referenced primary source evidence with source citations.
• Created four (4) written narratives detailing the evolution of colonists from British subjects to American citizens.
• Each narrative detailed the following: 1. Early colonial
development 2. Emergence of
American identity 3. Road to
Revolution 4. Revolutionary
War
• Created four (4) written narratives detailing the evolution of colonists from British subjects to American citizens, but the information contains some inaccuracies.
• Created fewer than four (4) written narratives detailing the evolution of colonists from British subjects to American citizens, and the information contains several inaccuracies.
https://sheg.stanford.edu/puritans [Stanford History Education Group – Inquiry-based lesson plan including primary sources and analysis on The Puritans.]
https://sheg.stanford.edu/king-philips-war [Stanford History Education Group – Inquiry-based lesson plan including primary sources and analysis on King Philip’s War.]
SSUSH2b
http://slaverebellion.org/index.php?page=african-contribution-to-american-culture [From the Slave Rebellion.org website. A very interesting essay entitled African Contributions to American Culture by Joseph E. Holloway Ph.D. It contains an excellent discussion regarding the contributions of slaves to American culture]
http://slaverebellion.org/index.php?page=african-american-architecture-a-hidden-heritage [Another article entitled African American Architecture: A Hidden Heritage by Joseph E. Holloway Ph.D., discussing African-American contributions to architecture.
SSUSH2c
https://www.landofthebrave.info/salutary-neglect.htm [From the Land of the Brave website. An excellent and understandable review of Salutary Neglect with a comprehensive timeline]
http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/usstates/colonies.htm (multiple maps of 13 colonies)
https://www.landofthebrave.info/mercantilism.htm [Land of the Brave website. History of trade, plantations, colonialism and colonization in the 13 Colonies]
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/trade_empire_01.shtml [From the BBC website. British mercantilism and the growth of its empire of which slavery was an integral part]
http://www.ushistory.org/us/5.asp [U.S. History.org website. A short discussion from U.S. History.org on the motives for Southern colonial growth]
https://www.landofthebrave.info/southern-colonies.htm [Land of the Brave website. An excellent overview of the geographic economic development. Includes trade, government, maps, timelines, and interesting facts]
http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/colonial/indians/ [Library of Congress overview of Virginia colonial relations with Native Americans with options to review primary source documents via hyperlink]
http://historyofmassachusetts.org/what-was-the-british-policy-of-salutary-neglect/ [From Massachusetts History.org website. This is a more comprehensive history regarding salutary neglect and provides detail and interesting facts regarding the development of the policy and the Navigation Acts that sought to enforce mercantilist economic policy]
SSUSH2d
https://sheg.stanford.edu/great-awakening [Stanford History Education Group – Inquiry-based lesson plan including primary sources and analysis on the Great Awakening.]
http://www.great-awakening.com/roots-of-revolution/ [From the Great Awakening.com website. Provides a good overview of the Great Awakening and how it helped to create a shared national experience and unique American identity prior to the American Revolution]
SSUSH3a
http://www.encyclopedia.com/history/united-states-and-canada/us-history/french-and-indian-wars [From encyclopedia.com website. The site provides a good general overview of the French & Indian War]
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775/treaty-of-paris [From the U.S. Department of State website. This site provides a good analysis of the history of the war and the Treaty itself and indicates how it led to new tension between Britain and her American colonies]
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775/parliamentary-taxation [From the U. S. Department of State website. The article discusses the taxation by Parliament on the American colonies and how this helped to lead to the American Revolution]
SSUSH3b
https://sheg.stanford.edu/stamp-act [Stanford History Education Group – Inquiry-based lesson plan including primary sources and analysis on the Stamp Act.]
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775/parliamentary-taxation [From the U. S.
ntury_New_England.pdf [This is a graduate thesis. The conclusion, pp. 82-83 provides an accurate and factual discussion of New England relations with Native Americans]
https://www.landofthebrave.info/middle-colonies.htm [Land of the Brave website. An excellent overview of the geographic economic development. Includes trade, government, maps, timelines, and interesting facts regarding the Middle Colonies]
https://www.landofthebrave.info/new-england-colonies.htm [Land of the Brave website. An excellent overview of the geographic economic development. Includes trade, government, maps, timelines, and interesting facts regarding the New England Colonies]
SSUSH 2
http://www.mpsaz.org/rmhs/staff/jxcollums/class2/core1/files/comparing_colonies.pdf [This is a high school website providing an excellent chart comparing the differences between the three colonial regions with cultural information that can be determined from the chart category entries]
https://www.scribd.com/doc/47059629/AP-US-History-Colonial-Comparison-Chart [Another excellent comparison chart created by an honors student]
SSUSH3
http://historyanimated.com/verynewhistorywaranimated/?page_id=332 (animated French and Indian War map)
SSUSH4
http://www.pbs.org/ktca/liberty/chronicle.html (informative text and mock newspaper articles regarding American Revolution)
Department of State website. The article discusses the taxation by Parliament on the American colonies and Britain’s attempt to control international trade, and how this helped to lead to the American Revolution]
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775/proclamation-line-1763 [From the U.S. Department of State. The article discusses the impact of the Proclamation Line of 1763 and the Quebec Act’s impact as a cause of the American Revolution.
https://www.landofthebrave.info/intolerable-acts.htm [From the Land of the Brave website. Provides a good overview of the actions leading up to and the Intolerable Acts themselves, but erroneously lumps the Quebec Act as part of the Intolerable Acts passed by Parliament as the Coercive Acts in response to the Boston Tea Party. Many Americans considered it Intolerable, but it was not part of the Coercive Acts.
http://historyofmassachusetts.org/the-sons-of-liberty-who-were-they-and-what-did-they-do/ [History of Massachusetts website. This is an excellent discussion of the Sons of Liberty and what they did]
http://historyofmassachusetts.org/who-were-the-daughters-of-liberty/ [From Massachusetts History website. This is an excellent discussion of the Daughters of Liberty.]
http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/committees-of-correspondence [From the History.com website. The discussion focuses on how the Committees acted as a form of American resistance by maintaining intercolonial communications and its contribution to the First Continental Congress and the American Revolution.]
SSUSH3c
http://americainclass.org/sources/makingrevolution/rebellion/text7/text7.htm [From America in Class website. The site provides a good review of Common Sense and its impact on persuading Americans to declare their independence from Britain and how others perceived it at the time it was written]
https://sheg.stanford.edu/declaration-independence [Stanford History Education Group – Inquiry-based lesson plan including primary sources and analysis on the Declaration of Independence.]
http://classroom.monticello.org/kids/resources/profile/6/Middle/Jefferson-and-the-Declaration-of-Independence/ [From the Monticello Classroom.org website. A good overview of Jefferson and the Committee of Five]
https://polsci101.wordpress.com/2009/12/14/political-theory-in-the-declaration-of-independence/ [From the University of Michigan’s Intro to Political Theory Blog. An excellent review of the philosophical contributions of Locke, Rousseau, and others to the writing of the Declaration of Independence]
SSUSH4b
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1776-1783/french-alliance [From the U.S. Department of State website. The article discusses the French alliance and the work of Benjamin Franklin and his French counterpart in creating the alliance]
http://www.revolutionary-war.net/john-adams.html [From the revolutionary war.net website. The article is a short history on John Adams but contains a section detailing his diplomatic work in France and Holland and his criticisms of Benjamin Franklin]
http://www.historyisfun.org/learn/learning-center/colonial-america-american-revolution-learning-resources/american-revolution-essays-timelines-images/the-french-alliance/ [From the History is fun website. The article provides a very good overview of French assistance to the American Revolution]
SSUSH4c
http://www.ushistory.org/valleyforge/Washington/george2.html [From the U.S. History.org website. A longer than usual article, it is nonetheless interesting and provides an excellent overview of Washington as a military leader and most of his battles as well as Valley Forge]
https://allthingsliberty.com/2013/05/impact-of-von-steuben/ [From the Journal of the American
Revolution website. This is a very good article regarding the impact of the Baron von Steuben on the Continental Army]
https://allthingsliberty.com/2015/05/the-marquis-de-lafayette-european-friend-of-the-american-revolution/ [From the Journal of the American Revolution website. A very good article regarding the contributions of the Marquis de Lafayette to the American cause]
http://www.ushistory.org/us/11f.asp [From the U.S. History.org website. This article deals with the significance of Valley Forge in creating a professional army as well as the privations experienced by the Continental Army soldiers]
SSUSH4d
http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/battles-of-trenton-and-princeton [From the History.com website. This article discusses the Battles of Trenton and Princeton and their significance to the Revolution and tangentially infers the significance of the Delaware River in protecting Washington from counter attacks]
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h679.html [From the U.S. History.com website. The article discusses how Washington used the Delaware River to his advantage in protecting his army from the British as well as crossing it to attack Trenton when the enemy felt he was demoralized as well as the battle’s significance]
http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/battle-of-bemis-heights [From the History.com website. This article discusses the two Battles of Saratoga and makes the point that the taking of Bemis Heights allowed the Americans to surround the British Army (Americans held the high ground) making further resistance futile thereby leading to Burgoyne’s surrender and ultimately the French Alliance]
http://edchnm.gmu.edu/teachinghiddenhistory/content/geography-victory From the George Madison University website. The site uses a map used by the Marquis de Lafayette to show how geography and the French naval presence allowed the encirclement of Lord Cornwallis” Army and led to its surrender]
siege-yorktown-and-america%E2%80%99s-victory-war-f [From the Gilder-Lehrman website. This article provides a detailed history of the Battle of Yorktown and the surrounding of Cornwallis. It also provides details of Lord Cornwallis’s life before and after Yorktown]
Unit Vocabulary
Unit Vocabulary Terms Interdisciplinary Connections
mercantilism Trans-Atlantic self-governance salutary neglect evangelism Great Awakening Mayflower Compact House of Burgesses Trans-Atlantic
LL11-12WHST2: Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/experiments, or technical processes.
Introduce 13 colonies – differences, similarities among the three regions Explore life under British rule, especially economically Trace the development of an American identity, with particular emphasis on the Great Awakening
Scoring guides from Tasks 1, 2a, 2b and 2c As an Exit Question, students can make a tree map with characteristics of the New England, Middle and Southern colonies Students could answer #1, 4 and 7 from the pre-assessment Think-Pair-Share about the development of African-American culture in the 17th and 18th centuries Students could make a T-chart about pros and cons of living under British rule
Core Instruction (in bold) and additional resources
Formative Assessment
s
Week 2 On block schedule or Weeks 4-5 on traditional schedule
SSUSH2 SSUSH3
SSUSH 4
IPS2 IPS5 IPS11 IPS15
Task 3a: Create timeline Task 3b: Write annotations Task 3c: Write paragraphs about turning points Task 4: Create work product on the American Revolution Task 5: Write narrative
Analyze causes of the discontent that led to the American Revolution http://blog.constitutioncenter.org/2013/06/join-or-die-americas-first-political-cartoon/ (Ben Franklin’s “Join or Die” political cartoon during the French and Indian War)