Rice Res. strategies - vivek

RESEARCH STRATEGIES FOR RICE

IMPROVEMENT

DR. P.VIVEKANANDAN

TAMIL NADU AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

Why Rice?

Four-fifths of rice produced is consumed by

small-scale farmers in most developing

countries.

It supplies over seventy percent of their daily

calories/protein intake.

It is consumed by 5.6 billion people world wide.

Unlike wheat and maize 80 percent of rice is

consumed by people.

It contains large amounts of calories, high

protein content, high utilization process

(vitamin digestion and absorption).

It contains vitamin A, zinc and iron.

2

Rice Cultivation

Rice is cultivated and eaten mostly in

the “rice bowl” region, which consists of

Asia and middle/near east countries.

Rice has been cultivated over nine

thousand years i.e., is highly variable

and adaptable.

Grown in the lowlands of India to as high

as three thousand meters in Nepal.

3

FACTS – WORLD SCENARIO

Staple food for 21% of world population

Cultivated in 114 countries across 6 continents

92% of rice is produced and consumed in Asia

Largest area in India followed by China

It is expected that 60% more rice should be produced in2030 than in 1995

Area 156 m ha; Production 650 mt. (2007)

Thailand exports about 7.6 million tonnes a year.

Vietnam is second, with 3.7 million tonnes.

Highest productivity in Egypt (10t/ha) and Australia (8.2 t/ha).

4

FACTS - INDIAN SCENARIO

Staple food for 65% of the total population.

Constitutes 52% of total food grain

production.

Area 44 m.ha; Production 131 mt.

Productivity 3 t/ha.

Demand is set to increase to 180 million

tonne by 2020.

Varieties 632, Hybrids 17

Basmati export 8.47 mt.

Largest area and production in WB & UP5

Basic statistics, India

Details 1985 1990 1995 1998 1999 2000

Area

harvested (m

ha)

41.1 42.7 42.8 44.6 44.6 44.6

Yield (t/ha) 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.0

Production

(m t) 95.8 111.5 115.4 128.9 132.3 134.2

Rice imports

(t) 61,100 66,038 52 6,635 50,094 na

Paddy

imports (t) 0 0 80 3 3 na

Rice exports

(L t) 3.15 5.05 49.1 49.6 25.7 na

Paddy

exports (t) 1,020 7 2,444 1,878 0 na

6

RICE AREA

7

RICE PRODUCTION

8

Eco-System wise rice in India

Irrigated area,

54.60%

Low land,

2.60%Semi deep,

10.90%

Shallow low

land, 18.70%

Rainfed

upland,

13.20%

Low land, 1.10%

Rainfed upland,

7.80%

Shallow low

land, 13.30%

Semi deep,

7.80%

Irrigated area,

70.00%

Area Production

9

RICE YIELD

10

From the 1960s to the 1980s, rice productivity kept up with rising population. In the 1990s, rice production began to grow more slowly than population. (Source: FAOSTAT, 1998)

Population in the World Current: over 6 billion

2030: about 8 billion 11

RICE

IMPORT vs. EXPORT

12

FACTS – TAMIL NADU SCENARIO

Area 19.1 lakh ha; Production 79.5 lakh tonnes

Productivity 4.14 t/ha.

Paddy accounted for 34.0% of the total cropped

area in the state during 05-06.

High productivity in Dindugal & Erode districts.

Rice is cultivated in varied climatic, soil and

stress conditions.

Major area is in Thaladi / Pishanam seasons.

13

Rice area in Districts

District Area (in ha) % to the State

Villupuram 1,68,435 8.2

Nagapattinam 1,58,100 7.7

Thiruvarur 1,56,098 7.6

Thanjavur 1,54,901 7.5

Thiruvannamalai 1,42,744 7.0

Ramanathapuram 1,27,395 6.2

Kancheepuram 1,14,720 5.6

Cuddalore 1,14,291 5.6

Trivellore 96,994 4.7

Pudukottai 95,986 4.7

Sivagangai 89,924 4.4

State 20,50,455 100.0

14

High Productivity Districts

(> 2,500 Kg/ha.)@

S.No. District Yield (Kg/ha)

1. Dindigul 4,911

2. Namakal 4,812

3. Kanyakumari 4,687

4. Erode 4,601

5. Madurai 4,574

6. Thirunelveli 4,434

7. Thiurachirapalli 4,334

8. Thoothkudi 4,328

9. Salem 4,301

@Triennium average for the years 1998-99, 1999-2000 and 2000-01

15

Tamil Nadu - Rice area (ha)

season wise

Season 2008-09 2007-08 2005-06 2004-05

Kuruvai 3,45,004 2,95,280 3,21,865 3,04,597

Samba 14,41,304 13,75,510 15,31,382 14,37,803

Navarai 1,45,295 1,18,380 1,97,208 1,30,422

All

season

19,31,603 17,89,170 20,50,455 18,72,822

Kuruvai … 16.6%Samba … 75.8%Navarai … 7.6%

16

RICE SCENARIO IN KERALA

Year Area

(L.ha)

Production(L.T) Productivity

(t/ha)

1964 8.05 16.6 2.07

1968 9.26 21.0 2.27

1980 8.02 19.4 2.41

1985 6.78 17.5 2.57

1987 6.04 15.6 2.58

1990 5.59 16.3 2.92

1994 5.03 14.6 2.91

1997 4.04 11.4 2.82

2000 3.48 11.3 3.24

2003 2.92 9.4 3.21 17

MILESTONES OF RICE VARIETIES IN

TAMIL NADU

1921- GEB24 - Outstanding rice variety developed in

PBS, Coimbatore.

1929 - ADT8 - First variety by hybridization .

1949 - CO25 Hybrid Sirumani – Long duration

variety.

1952 - TKM6 - Universal donor for stem borer.

1964 - ADT27 Radio Rice - replaced all short

duration varieties.

1978 - TKM9 Red rice cosmopolitan variety.

1981 - ADT36 Popular short duration variety.

1982 - CO43 Popular medium duration variety.

1986 - ASD16 Short bold rice variety.

1994 - CORH1 First hybrid rice in Tamil Nadu.

1998 - ADT43 Short duration fine grain ricevariety.

2008 - CO49 Similar to BPT 5204 in quality.

2011 - C0 4 Hybrid rice release

MILESTONES OF RICE VARIETIES IN

TAMIL NADU (Contd.,)

19

POPULAR INTRODUCTIONS IN

TAMIL NADUPonni - Mahsuri (1972) Fine grain

CR 1009 – Ponmani, Savithri (1982) Long duration variety

Improved White Ponni – Mahsuri Boothi (1986) –Popular fine grain variety

IRRI, Philippines

IR 8 (1966) High yield

IR 20 (1970) Cosmopolitan

IR 36 (1981) Multiple resistance

IR 50 (1983) Fine rice

IR 64 (1989) Multiple resistance20

LOCAL LAND RACES

PBS, Coimbatore

Gobi anaikomban CO4 (1926) - Donor for blast

Sadai Samba CO6 (1926) - Fine grain

Arupapatham Kodai CO13 (1940) -Suitable for popped rice

Chinna Vadan samba CO17 (1941) – Semi dry rice

Vellaikar CO18 (1941) – Cold tolerant

Chengleput sirumani CO19 (1941) – Good cooking quality

Rangoon samba CO23 (1944) – Samba variety

Thiruchengodu samba CO32 (1964) – Location specific variety

21

LOCAL LAND RACES

TRRI, ADUTHURAI

Nellore samba ADT 5(1925) – Samba variety

Poongar ADT9 (1932) – Kuruvai variety

Korangu samba ADT 10 (1932) – Suitable for cold rice

Muthu samba ADT17 (1938) – Submergence tolerance

Vadan samba ADT 21 (1940) – Saline and alkaline tolerance

Matta kuruvai ADT26 (1964) – salinity tolerance, red rice

22

LOCAL LAND RACES

RRS, AMBASAMUDRAM

Kuruvai kalayan ASD4 (1945) – Rainfed rice

Karthigai samba ASD5 (1945) – Late planting

Thooyamalli ASD8 (1951) – Very early, suitablefor kar nursery

Kolavalai ASD10 (1952) – Submergencetolerance

Arikiravi ASD 13 (1965) – Red rice, suitable foridly preparation

23

LOCAL LAND RACES

RRS, TIRURKUPPAM

Pisini TKM1 (1950) – Dry cultivation

Sembalai TKM2 (1950) – Dry cultivation

Manakkattai TKM5 (1952) – Puttu rice

Kullakar TKM7 (1953) – Direct sown red rice

24

AEROBIC RICE

High yielding rice grown in non puddle and non flooded

aerobic condition

GENOTYPE REQUIREMENT

♣ Moderate tiller number}

♣ High harvest index } Irrigated cultivars♣ Input responsiveness }

♣ Early weed competitiveness } Upland Cultivars♣ Tolerance to water deficit }

♣ Commercially grown in Brazil & Northern China

25

SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION

(SRI)

BASIC CONCEPTS:

Adequate space between plants

promote root growth.

Increase in beneficial soil

microbes and aeration promote

plant growth.

Impounding water in rice field is not

necessary for yield increase.

26

TECHNIQUES OF SRI

Young seedlings (15 days)

Square planting of seedlings

Rotary / Cono weeder to control weeds

Alternate wetting and drying improves yield

Need based ‘N’ application through leaf colour

chart

27

BENEFITS OF SRI

Improved water & fertilizer saving technology

High yield per unit area

Cost effective technology

Promoted by Govt. of Tamil Nadu for adoption

28

MECHANIZATION IN RICE

CULTIVATION

Scarcity of Agricultural laborers

Timely cultural operations enhances

yield

Cost effective

29

RICE TRANSPLANTER

Power operated Chinese / Korean

/ Japanese models

8 rows covered / pass

Spacing - Row to Row 23 cm

Plant to Plant 14 cm (or) 17 cm

Transplants 3 acres per day of 8

hours

Labor requirement 2 Men and 5

women

Cost of transplanter – Chinese

make 2 ZT – 38-8 Rs1.5 lakhs

Government subsides for farmers

30

RICE TRANSPLANTER

31

WHY HYBRID RICE?

To make India self sufficient it is needed to improve

productivity

To break the yield barriers

Current rate of population growth

Enhancing the yield per unit land area is the only way to

solve food shortage problem

Rice still has great yield potential

Using hybrid vigor is one of the best ways

Commercial success of hybrid rice in China

32

Hybrid Rice in China

Yuan Long Ping initiated hybrid rice research

in China (1964) – Father of Hybrid Rice

Identification of WA male sterile cytoplasm

(1970)

China’s super hybrid yields 17 t/ha

Yearly planting area: 15 million ha

Average yield of hybrid rice: 7.0t/ha

Average yield of inbred rice: 5.6t/ha

Yield advantage: over 20%

60 million more people can be fed each year.

33

HYBRID RICE OUT SIDE CHINA

COUNTRY AREA (Lakh ha.)

Vietnam - 4.8 (Sub tropical zone)

India - 2.0 (Tropical zone)

Philippines - 0.9

Bangladesh - 0.2

Myanmar - 0.1

Korea (Temperate zone), Indonesia, Sri Lanka,

Thailand, Malaysia

Egypt, Columbia, Brazil, United states

34

HYBRID RICE IN INDIA

Initiated by ICAR in 1989

Strengthened with the assistance from UNDP/FAO (1991)

National Hybrid Rice Net work – 12 centres

DRR, Hyderabad – Co-ordinating Centre

LEAD CENTRES

North - Kapurthala (Punjab)

South – Mandya (Karnataka)

35

STRATEGIC CENTRES FOR BASIC

RESEARCH

DRR, Hyderabad

CRRI, Cuttack

IARI, New Delhi

ASSOCIATE CENTRES (7)

Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu) ,Maruteru (Andhra Pradesh), Karnal (Haryana) Pant Nagar (Uttranjal), Faizabad (U P ), Chinsurah(West Bengal) and Karjat (Maharastra)

36

HYBRID RICE NET WORK

MINI NETWORK CENTRES

Basmati hybrids

New Delhi

Pantnagar

Karnal

Kapurthala

HYBRIDS FOR SHALLOW LOW LANDS

Cuttack

Chinsurah

Faizabad

Bhubaneswar37

MAJOR OBJECTIVES

Hybrids with 15-20% yield advantage over best

check

Optimization of seed production package

Standardization of package of practices for

cultivation of hybrids

Conducting basic research relevant to the

project goals.

38

CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY

Virmani and Shinjyo (1988) – 35 cytoplasmic

sources that induces male sterility

95% of CMS lines used in commercial

hybrids involve wild abortive type

Effective restorer lines for CMS-GAM, CMS-

Boro and CMS-ARC have been identified

39

PROMISING CMS LINES

IRRI : IR 64608-A, IR 68280-A, IR 68897-A, IR 68899-A,

IR 69628-A

China : 9601-A

Malaysia : MH841-A

DRR :DRR 2A, DRR 3A

Cuttack : CRMS 6-A, CRMS 31-A

IARI : Pusa 5-A

Faizabad : NDCMS 7-A

40

PUBLIC SECTOR HYBRIDS

Tamil Nadu - CORH 1, CORH 2, CORH 3, ADTRH 1

Andhra Pradesh - APRH 1, APRH 2, DRRH 1, DRRH 2

Karnataka - KRH 1, KRH 2

Maharashtra - KJTRH 1, Sahayadri

Uttar Pradesh - NSD 2

Uttrangel - PSD 2

West Bengal - CNRH 3

New Delhi - Pusa RH 10

41

42

States Public Hybrids Private Hybrids

Uttar Pradesh KRH-2 PHB-71

Pant Shankar Dhan-3 PA-6201

PA-6444

Chattisgarh & Jharkhand INDIRA SONA PA-6201, PA-6444

PUSA RH-10 PAC-837

SURUCHI

Orrisa DRRH-3 AJAY

KRH-2 SURUCHI

JKRH-401

West Bengal DRRH-2 PHB-71

KRH-2 PA-6201

JKRH-401

popular Public & Private Hybrids for different States

42

popular Public & Private Hybrids for different States

43

States Public Hybrids Private Hybrids

Andhra Pradesh DRRH-2 PA-6444

DRRH-3 PHB-71

Karnataka KRH-2 SURUCHI

PHB-71

Maharashtra SAHYADRI PA-6444

KRH-2 NK-5251

Tamil Nadu CORH-3 PHB-71

Tripura KRH-2 PA-6201

SAHYADRI PA-6444

Bihar KRH-2 PA-6201

SAHYADRI JKRH-401

43

HYBRID RICE FOR ADVERSE

ECOLOGIES

Inland Salinity : DRRH 28, JRH 8

Rainfed Upland : DRRH 2, JRH 8

Alkalinity : Suruchi, DRRH2, JKRH 204

Aerobic : PSD 2, KJTRH 2

44

PRIVATE SECTOR IN HYBRID RICE

RESEARCH

Pioneer

Mahyco

Pro agro

Biogene

Rasi seeds

Parry mansanto

Indo american

Hindustan lever

JK seeds

Nuzhiveed

Nunhams seed

Advanta india

Amareshwar agri

tech

45

PRIVATE SECTOR IN HYBRID RICE

RESEARCH

Major producers

Bayer Bio Sciences

Pioneer Overseas Corporation

Mahyco Ltd.

Syngenta India Ltd.

JK Agri Genetics Ltd.

Advanta India Ltd.

46

FOR COMMERCIAL

EXPLOITATION OF HETEROSIS

Increased vigour of F1

over parents

Stable male sterility System

Crossability - Seed set

Fertility Restoration

Reliable and Economic Seed Production

47

TO INCREASE OUT CROSSING RATE

Spikelets Male : Female (1: 3)

Density of effective pollen 10/m2

Complete exertion of panicle

Short and narrow flag leaf

Female parent should be shorter than male parent

48

♠ 2006 release

♠ 115 days duration

♠ Yield : 6.5 t/ha (24% over ADT 43)

♠ Medium slender, White rice

♠ Tolerant to Blast and RTD

♠ Resistant to GLH

♠ Non aromatic, non sticky

♠ Synchronized flowering of parents

CORH3(TNRH 87)

49

GUIDELINES FOR SUCCESSFUL SEED

PRODUCTION

Seed and Pollen parents with synchronized anthesis

Seed parent with long exerted stigma, longer duration and

wide angle of flower opening

Pollen parent with high residual pollen

Optimum row ratio

Use of GA3

Supplementary Pollination

Selection of appropriate season

50

THREE STEPS IN HYBRID RICE SEED

PRODUCTION

♣ Multiplication of cms line (A/B)

♣ Multiplication of B & R lines

♣ Production of hybrid seed (A/R)

CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

High seed yield in dry season

Daily mean temperature 24 - 30°c

Day – night temperature difference

8 - 10°c

Sunshine and wind velocity

Free from rain for 7-10 days at

flowering

52

ISOLATION

Space isolation : 100m

Time isolation : 25 days

Barrier isolation :

Vegetative barrier- Sesbania

Mechanical barrier - Plastic sheet – 2 mts. in

height

53

SEEDS AND SOWING (CORH3)

Male sterile line - 125 days (20 kg/ha

Restorer line - 125 days (10 kg/ha)

Nursery - 30 cents (1kg/cent)

54

STAGGERED SOWING OF PARENTS

‘R’ line to be divided into three equal parts and to be sown first

Second sowing of r line on 3rd day of sowing

Third sowing of R line and entire A line on 6th day of sowing

55

TRANSPLANTING

Female : Male ratio … 8 : 2 seedling / hill

A line …one (2 to 3 tillers)

R line … two – three

Spacing

A line … 10 x 15 cm

R line … 30 x 15 cm

A & R lines … 20 cm

Age of seedling … 25 days

56

SYNCHRONISATION

Flowering duration

A line … 8 to 12 days

R line … 6 to 8 days

A line to flower one to two days earlier

than R line

2% urea delay flowering

2% DAP hasten flowering

57

GA3 APPLICATION

75 g/ha (45g/ha at 20% flowering, 30g/ha 24 hrs after first spray)

Higher dose (150 g/ha) increases seed yield

Spray between 8 to 10 am or 4 to 6 pm

Enhances panicle and stigma exertion

Increases effective tillers, flag leaf angle and grain weight

Reduces ill filled grains enhances seed set and seed yield

58

GA3 APPLICATION

Keep 3 – 5cm water in field while spraying

Mix GA3 in alcohol

Wet season require more GA3

Indica type require more than japonicas

30°c is the best. if temperature goes down

more GA3 is required

If population is more / unit area, increase the

quantity of GA3

59

SUPPLEMENTARY POLLINATION

Rope pulling

Rod shaking

At anthesis (10-12 noon) for 7

days.

Anthers dehisce and spread pollen

widely.

60

ROGUING

Removal of pollen shedders in ‘A’ line

2 – 3 times before heading and daily

from heading to dough stage

61

HARVEST

Harvest R line first at maturity

Final rouging of A line before harvest

Harvest A line (hybrid seed) thresh,

clean dry and store at 12% moisture

62

DISSEMINATION OF TECHNOLOGY

Strong commitment and support fromGovernment and Scientists

Co-operation among Research Programs,Seed Production and Extension

International Collaboration and Co-ordination

63

HYBRID RICE FOR FOOD SECURITY

Usable land is becoming

scarce

Population is steadily

increasing

64

CONSTRAINTS

♣ Cultivable area is decreasing alarmingly.

♣ Scarcity of irrigation and underground water source.

♣ Discharge of industrial effluents into rivers / irrigation

channels causes environmental pollutions.

♣ Decreased use of organic manures resulting in

reduction of fertility of soils .

♣ Minor pests become major and cause crop losses.

65

ADT 46

Parentage: ADT 38 / CO 45

Duration: 135 days

Season: Late Samba/ Thaladi/ Pishanam

Yield : 6178 Kg / ha( 5 to 8 % higher yield than ADT 38, ADT

39 and CO 43)

Special features

Semi dwarf, non lodging and high yielding

Long slender white rice

with acceptable cooking and organo leptic qualities

High hulling (79.6 %), milling (72.0%) and head rice recovery

(61.5%)

Field resistant to stem borer and leaf folder

Moderately resistant to RTD and Brown spot

66

ADT (R) 47

Parentage : ADT 43 / Jeeragasamba

Duration (days) : 118

Season : Sornavari (April-May), Kar (May-

June), Kuruvai (June-July)

Grain yield : 6200 kg / ha

Special features

High yielder

More number of tillers with long compact panicles

Medium slender white rice

Moderately susceptible to stem-borer, leaf hopper, WBPH

and

sheath blight

67

ADT (R) 48

Parentage : IET 11412 / IR 64

Duration (days) : 94 (direct seeding), 99 (Transplanting)

Season : Late kuruvai (June-July)

Grain yield : 4800 Kg / ha

Special features

Very early

Long slender white rice, better than MDU 5 in quality (head

rice

recovery, amylose content, gel consistency and organo-leptic

test).

Resistant to stem-borer, green leaf hopper and gall midge

68

ADT (R) 492011 release

Parentage : CR 1009 / Jeeraga samba

Duration : 130 – 135 days

Season : Late samba / Thaladi

Grain yield : 6173 Kg / ha (10% over BPT 5204)

Special features

Medium slender white rice

1000 grain weight 14 g

Head rice yield 71.3%

Resistant to RTD

Moderately resistant to Bl, ShR, ShBl, BS and LF

69

CO(R) 48

Parentage : CO 43 / ASD 19

Duration (days) : 130 – 135

Season : Thaladi

Grain yield : 6007 kg / ha

Special features

Medium slender white fine rice similar to Improved White

Ponni

Intermediate amylose content, gelatinization temperature and

high linear elongation ratio on cooking

Superior cooking quality

Moderately resistant to stem borer and hoppers, blast, RTD

and sheath blight

70

CO (R) 49

Parentage : C 20 / RNR 52147

Duration : 130-135 days

Season : Late Samba / Thaladi

Grain yield : 6286 Kg/ha (11.2% increase over BPT 5204)

Special features

Moderately resistant to blast and Rice Tungro Disease (RTD)

Moderately resistant to yellow stem borer and Green Leaf

Hopper (GLH)

Medium slender white fine rice similar to BPT 5204

Intermediate amylose content, intermediate gelatinization

temperature and high linear elongation ratio on cooking

Superior cooking quality

Suitable for late samba / thaladi seasons

71

CO (R) 50

Parentage: Co 43 x ADT 38

Duration: 130 – 135 days

Season: Late samba / Thaladi

Grain yield: 6338 kg / ha

Special features

Moderately resistant to SB, LF, GM, Bl, Shbl, BS and RTD.

Medium slender grain with intermediate amylose, soft gel consistency and moderate GT

Good quality cooked rice

72

Co 51

Parentage ADT 43 / RR 272 – 1745

Duration 105 -110 days

Grain yield 6623 kg/ha (11% increase over ADT 43)

Highest yield obtained 11,377 Kg/ha at Nallampalli of Dharmapuri

District

Special features

Shorter duration

High yielding semi dwarf rice variety

Moderately resistant to Blast, Brown Plant Hopper and Green

Leaf hopper

White medium slender rice with high milling (69%) and head

rice recovery (63%)

Intermediate amylose content (22%), gelatinization

temperature and soft gel consistency 73

PARAMAKUDI (R) 4

Parentage : Pantdhan 10 / IET 9911

Duration : 100-105 days

Season : Samba (September – October)

Grain yield : 3.7 tonnes / ha (14.7% increase over PMK 3)

Area of adoption : Ramanathapuram & Sivagangai

districts

Special features

Semi dwarf, erect, non - lodging

Drought tolerant

Long slender white rice with high head rice recovery (62.1%)

Short duration - a week earlier than PMK (R) 3

74

TPS 5

Parentage: ASD 16/ADT 37

Duration: 118 days

Season: Kar and Late Pishanam

Yield: 6301 Kg/ha

Highest yield obtained: 11,567 Kg/ha (Mohanoor, Namakkal District)

% increase over ASD 16 : 13.21 per cent

Area of adoption :Throughout Tamil Nadu during Kar andLate

Pishanam

season except Ramanathapuram, Sivagangai

Special features

Moderately resistant to stem borer, leaf folders and hoppers

Intermediate amylose , gelatinization temperature and soft gel

consistency

Suitable for first season (Kar) and late planting and second season

(Pishanam) in Tamil Nadu

75

TKM 13

Parentage: WGL 32100 / Swarna

Duration: 130 days which is 7 10 days earlier than BPT 5204.

Grain yield: 5938 kg/ha which is 6.2 and 10.1 per cent

increase over CO (R) 49 and BPT 5204 respectively.

Special features:

Medium slender fine grain with lesser 1000 grain weight (13.5

g).

Moderately resistant to leaf folder, stem borer, green leaf

hopper, blast, rice tungro disease, brown spot and sheath rot.

High milling yield (75.5%) and head rice yield (71.7%), which

is on

par with the check variety BPT 5204.

76

MDU 6

Parentage: MDU 5 / ACM 96136

Duration: 110 - 115 days

Yield: 6118 kg/ha in irrigated condition. Highest

yield of 9388 kg/ha was recorded at

Ayyampalayam, Erode District

Special features:

Long slender which rice with intermediate amylose

content, gelatinization temperature and high

linear elongation ratio on cooking, superior cooking

quality with good taste and highly suitable for raw

rice, variety rice, aval and pori making.

Suitable for cultivation as transplanted rice

throughout Tamil Nadu 77

Recent approaches in Rice

Research

Golden rice with high beta carotene

Aerobic rice

Organic rice

Transform rice into C4 plant

Aromatic rice

Medicinal rice

78

FUTURE STRATEGY

Development of inter sub-specific hybrids

Exploitation of yield genes from varietal groups

and wild species

Yield improvement in rain fed eco system

Genotypes suitable to aerobic rice cultivation

Adoption of SRI Technology

79

INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF RICE 2004

" The rice that feeds Asia's poorest is also their biggest single expense,

so cheap rice means more money for other essentials such as

Education."

RICE IS LIFE

Without rice There is no life

Celebrate rice Celebrate life

RICE IS LIVELIHOOD

Rice gives jobs to farmers, Scientists, millers and Vendors

RICE IS SCIENCE

Scientists help farmers to grow better and more rice using

less water and land

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