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Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Mary J. Sariscsany, California State University Northridge
DYNAMICPHYSICAL
EDUCATIONFOR ELEMENTARY
SCHOOL CHILDREN
R O B E R T P A N G R A Z I
S I X T E E N T H E D I T I O N
Chapter 19RhythmicMovement Skills
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Rhythm
Basis for music and dance All body movements tend to be rhythmic Rhythmic activities appropriate for younger
children
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Rhythmic Movement Skills
Early experiences with functional and creative movement
Locomotor skills are inherently rhythmic Rhythm can enhance development of locomotor
skills An important component of children’s dance is
fundamental rhythms Begins with locomotor skills children already
possess
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Rhythm
Rhythmic activities are a vehicle for expressive movement
Offer opportunities for broad participation Personalize responses to a movement Create unique rhythmic responses within song and
dances Rhythmic programs should be balanced
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Rhythm
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Developmental Level I
Focus on creative rhythms and movement songs Simple folk dances and mixers Simple mixers help children find new partners and
move rhythmically Activities that require minimum instruction while
giving a positive experience
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Developmental Level II
Folk and line dances that include combinations of locomotor skills
Marching, basic tinikling steps, and introductory square dancing steps
Emphasis mastering simple locomotor skills
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Developmental Level III
More difficult steps Grapevine Schottische Polka Intermediate tinikling steps Two-step
Students not comfortable moving with partners of opposite sex
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Understanding Rhythmic Accompaniment
Music has essential characteristics Tempo
Speed of the music Can be constant or show gradual increase or
decrease
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Understanding Rhythmic Accompaniment
Beat Underlying rhythm of the music Pulse of the music Even or uneven
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Understanding Rhythmic Accompaniment Measure
Group of beats made by the regular occurrence of a heavy accent
Intensity Loud Soft Light Heavy
Phrase Natural grouping of measures Usually eight underlying beats
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Sources of Rhythmic Accompaniment
Children more likely to move to a rhythm that is stimulating Skillful use of a drum or tambourine
Primarily wrist action, not arm Build a collection of music as a school or
department
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Creative Rhythms
Creativity should be part of all dance and rhythmic activities
Creativity is the goal Functional movement is secondary Emphasis is on process, not the movement
outcomes Careful guidance is necessary to increase self-
direction
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Creative Rhythms
Instructional Procedures Appropriate music or rhythmic background Analyze setting Listening is important Use action-directing statements Initial focus on selecting appropriate rhythmic
background Time to develop and try student’s ideas
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Expressive Movement
Children can express moods and feelings Show reactions to colors and sounds through
improvisation Discuss qualities of a particular piece of music Ask children how it makes them feel
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Folk Dances
A traditional dance of a particular culture Teaches an understanding of various cultures Build from basic dance steps Focus on the main skill(s) of the dance first and
sequence later
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Teaching New Dances Successfully
Slow down the music If the dance is short, use whole-teaching approach Students in scattered formation Avoid use of partners Avoid left-right, clockwise-counterclockwise Perform a dance once or twice in a daily lesson Teach rhythm the same way as sports skills Dances with strong movements appeal to boys
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Modifying Rhythmic Activities
Traditional music may not be appealing Use current music to motivate Change traditional dances into line dances
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Modifying Rhythmic Activities
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Arranging for Partners
Dancing boy-girl is not necessary Use follow-the-leader Boys join hands in circle, girls step behind Girls in circle facing counterclockwise, boys in
outer circle facing clockwise Square dance
Take first four couples from any of the above to form a set
Continue for all sets
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Formation for Folk Dances
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Formation for Folk Dances
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Dance Positions
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Dance Positions
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Dance Positions
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Dance Positions
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Dance Positions