RHYTHM & MOVEMENT Chapter 9 ArtTalk Text. Rhythm Rhythm is the principle of design that indicates movement by the repetition of elements Rhythm is the.

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MOVEMENTMOVEMENTChapter 9 ArtTalk TextChapter 9 ArtTalk Text

RhythmRhythm

RhythmRhythm is the is the principle of principle of designdesign that indicates that indicates movementmovement by the repetition by the repetition of elementsof elements

RhythmRhythm is used in every art is used in every art formform

RhythmRhythm can be created can be created visually and can also occur visually and can also occur in nature.in nature.

RhythmsRhythms are comforting are comforting (expressive quality)(expressive quality)

Visual RhythmVisual Rhythm

Visual Visual rhythmrhythm is is rhythmrhythm you see through your eyes you see through your eyes rather than hear through rather than hear through your ears as in musicyour ears as in music

In this painting by Charles In this painting by Charles Burchfield, the artist uses Burchfield, the artist uses repetitive repetitive colorcolor, , lineslines, , shapesshapes, and , and patternspatterns to to create create rhythmrhythm to express to express the living force in the the living force in the natural environment.natural environment.

Charles Ephraim Burchfield, May Wind 1945-56. Watercolor on paper. 30” x 40”.

RhythmRhythm Everywhere you look Everywhere you look

you can see visual you can see visual rhythmsrhythms.. Books in a bookcaseBooks in a bookcase Cars in a parking lotCars in a parking lot People in linePeople in line Traffic on the freewayTraffic on the freeway

Visual Visual rhythmrhythm creates the sensation creates the sensation of of movement movement as the as the viewer’s eye follows viewer’s eye follows the visual beats the visual beats through a work of art.through a work of art.

Yvonne Jacquette, "Three Night Views of Minneapolis II (Left Panel)“. 1984

RhythmRhythm Visual Visual rhythmrhythm does not create actual does not create actual movementmovement like a ball bouncing like a ball bouncing

across a room would.across a room would. Visual Visual rhythmrhythm can create the same sensation by “bouncing” your eye from can create the same sensation by “bouncing” your eye from

one one shapeshape to another. to another. In this image, In this image, rhythmrhythm is created with the use of is created with the use of negative spacenegative space in between in between

the the shapesshapes that you see. that you see.

Rosa Bonheur, The Horse Fair. 1853-55. Oil on canvas. 244.5 x 506.7 cm (96 ¼ x 199 ½ in). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY.

RepetitionRepetition RhythmRhythm is a result of is a result of

repetition.repetition. MotifMotif and and patternpattern are often are often

used in talking about used in talking about repetitionrepetition..

MotifMotif is a unit that is repeated is a unit that is repeated in visual in visual rhythmrhythm – a repeated – a repeated patternpattern, image or theme, and , image or theme, and not necessarily repeated not necessarily repeated exactly.exactly.

PatternPattern is a two-dimensional is a two-dimensional decorative visual decorative visual repetitionrepetition..

PatternPattern is flat, decorative, and is flat, decorative, and can be visually uninteresting.can be visually uninteresting.

This is a floral motif

This has a striped pattern

PatternPatternRhythm / MovementRhythm / Movement

A A patternpattern may have a may have a motifmotif which is repeated. which is repeated.

All All rhythmrhythm has a has a patternpattern, but not all , but not all patternpattern has a has a rhythm rhythm, , somesome patternspatterns have a have a rhythmrhythm..

Examples of MotifExamples of Motif

In a marching band, one In a marching band, one band member is a band member is a motifmotif even though each band even though each band member carries a member carries a different instrument.different instrument.

In a grocery store, one In a grocery store, one can is a can is a motifmotif even even though the products in though the products in the cans may be differentthe cans may be different

Rhythm / MovementRhythm / Movement

ModuleModule: a 3-D motif is called a module.: a 3-D motif is called a module. In sculpture and architecture, the ‘In sculpture and architecture, the ‘motifmotif’ is ’ is

called a module, a standard matching unit.called a module, a standard matching unit.

RhythmRhythm

Different rhythms are Different rhythms are created with different created with different arrangements of motif arrangements of motif and space.and space.

There are 5 types of There are 5 types of rhythm:rhythm:

1.1. RandomRandom2.2. RegularRegular3.3. AlternatingAlternating4.4. FlowingFlowing5.5. ProgressiveProgressive

Dale Chihuly, Clear Venetian with Birds. 1989. Glass. 14 x 11 x 10 in.

RhythmRhythm Random rhythm Random rhythm is a is a motifmotif

repeated in no apparent order, with repeated in no apparent order, with no regular spaces in between. no regular spaces in between. Examples of Examples of random rhythmrandom rhythm are are leaves on the ground, cracks in leaves on the ground, cracks in mud, and splashes of paint.mud, and splashes of paint.

RhythmRhythm Regular rhythm Regular rhythm has has

identical identical motifsmotifs and equal and equal amounts of amounts of spacespace between between them.them.

Regular rhythmRegular rhythm has a has a steady beat.steady beat.

Regular rhythmsRegular rhythms are used are used to organize things, (parking to organize things, (parking spaces, groceries on the spaces, groceries on the supermarket shelf).supermarket shelf).

Regular rhythmRegular rhythm can can become boring if overdone become boring if overdone (expressive quality).(expressive quality).

Wrapper (kente). Asante peoples. Bonwire, Ghana. Early-mid 20th century. Silk, synthetic dye. H x W: 238.8 x 136 cm (94 x 53 9/16 in.). National Museum of African Art, National Museum of Natural History

RhythmRhythm Alternating rhythmAlternating rhythm does does

create interest, and relieve create interest, and relieve monotony (expressive monotony (expressive quality).quality).

Alternating rhythmAlternating rhythm can can occur in several ways:occur in several ways:

1.1. Introduce a second Introduce a second motifmotif..2.2. Make a change in the Make a change in the

placement or content of the placement or content of the original original motifmotif..

3.3. Change the spaces between Change the spaces between motifsmotifs..

4.4. Change the position of the Change the position of the motif,motif, for example, turning for example, turning the the motifmotif upside down. upside down.

Footed Dish, Early 18th century. Japanese. Nabeshima ware. h x diam: 2 1/8 x 7 7/8 inches (5.4 x 20 cm).

Shoulder Bag. Creek. Georgia or Alabama. 1810 – 30. wool fabric, cotton fabric and thread, silk ribbon, glass beads. Strap: 53.25 x 71/8 in. Bag: 7 5/8 x 4 in.

RhythmRhythm FlowingFlowing rhythmrhythm is created is created

by repeating wavy lines.by repeating wavy lines. Curved Curved shapesshapes such as such as

rolling hills or ocean waves rolling hills or ocean waves create rolling create rolling rhythmsrhythms. .

Flowing Flowing rhythmrhythm has no has no sudden breaks in the sudden breaks in the movement of flowing movement of flowing lineslines..

This This rhythmrhythm suggests the suggests the movementmovement of wind, water, of wind, water, or even flames. This or even flames. This rhythmrhythm is soothing, or is soothing, or hypnotic (expressive hypnotic (expressive quality).quality).

RhythmRhythm ProgressiveProgressive: In : In progressive rhythmprogressive rhythm, ,

there is a change in the there is a change in the motif motif each each time the time the motif motif is repeated.is repeated.

Example: a Example: a motifmotif may start as a may start as a square, but as the design continues, square, but as the design continues, the square will change, perhaps the square will change, perhaps becoming smaller each time, or becoming smaller each time, or changing shape slowly until it is a changing shape slowly until it is a circle, or a bird.circle, or a bird.

In Balla’s In Balla’s Street LightStreet Light, the light is , the light is represented by a progression of represented by a progression of line line and and colorcolor. . ColorColor progresses from progresses from white and yellow near the lamp itself white and yellow near the lamp itself to reds and lavenders as it gets further to reds and lavenders as it gets further out. Theout. The line line changes from small, changes from small, tight v shapes to wider and larger v tight v shapes to wider and larger v shapes.shapes.

Giacomo Balla, Street Light. 1909. Oil on canvas. 174.7 x 114.7 cm (68 ¼ x 45 ¼ in). The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY.

MovementMovementWhat is movement why is it What is movement why is it

important in visual art?important in visual art? MovementMovement is the principle is the principle

of design used to create the of design used to create the look and feeling of action look and feeling of action and to guide the viewer’s and to guide the viewer’s eye throughout an artwork.eye throughout an artwork.

All artworks have All artworks have movement.movement.

Any element may be used to Any element may be used to create movement in an create movement in an artwork.artwork.

Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending A Staircase, No. 2. 1912. Oil on canvas.57 7/8 x 35 1/8 in. Philadelphia Museum of Art.

MovementMovement In this picture of the In this picture of the

Golden Gate Bridge in Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, the San Francisco, the picture is not actually picture is not actually moving at all.moving at all.

However, when you However, when you look at the picture, look at the picture, your eye is drawn to your eye is drawn to the big support in the the big support in the left center of the left center of the image.image.

Then your eye is Then your eye is carried through the carried through the sweep of the diagonal sweep of the diagonal cable off into the cable off into the distance, thus creating distance, thus creating movement.movement.

MovementMovement

Movement may be Movement may be smooth and flowing, smooth and flowing, creating a calm or creating a calm or comfortable feeling comfortable feeling (expressive quality).(expressive quality).

MovementMovement Movement may be Movement may be

quick, abrupt, or jumpy, quick, abrupt, or jumpy, creating an excited, creating an excited, tense, or nervous quality tense, or nervous quality (expressive quality) in (expressive quality) in the artwork.the artwork.

MovementMovement Movement Movement

using mainly using mainly LineLine

Joan Miró. Women and Birds at Sunrise. 1946. Oil on canvas. 54 x 65 cm. Fundació Joan Miró, Barcelona, Spain.

MovementMovement

Movement using Movement using mainly color:mainly color:

Vincent Van Gogh, The Café Terrace on the Place du Forum, Arles, at Night. 1888. Oil on canvas. Kroller-Muller Museum, Otterlo, The Netherlands.

Movement Movement

Movement using mainly valueMovement using mainly value

M. C. Escher, Sky and Water. 1938. Woodcut.M.C. Escher, Other World. 1947. Wood engraving and woodcut in black, reddish brown, printed from 3 blocks

MovementMovement

Movement using mainly Movement using mainly texturetexture

Jackson Pollock, No. 5. 1948. Alkyds on canvas. 8’ x 4’.

MovementMovement

Movement created mainly with shapes and Movement created mainly with shapes and space:space:

Miriam Schapiro, Anna and David. 1986. Aluminum and paint. Thirty-five feet high and 31 feet wide, weighing 1,200 pounds

MovementMovement DynamismDynamism: one : one

art style or art style or movement called movement called the the Futurists,Futurists, used used the word the word dynamism to refer dynamism to refer to the forces of to the forces of movement. They movement. They believed that believed that nothing was solid nothing was solid or stable (atoms) or stable (atoms) and that art could and that art could show or illustrate show or illustrate actual motion.actual motion.

Giacomo Bella. Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash. 1912. Oil on canvas. 88.9 x 109.9 cm (35 1/8 x 43 ¼ in). Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, NY.

MovementMovementDynamism / FuturistsDynamism / Futurists

In 2-D work the In 2-D work the FuturistsFuturists illustrated illustrated dynamismdynamism by by superimposing superimposing many different many different consecutive views consecutive views of the subject onto of the subject onto the same surface.the same surface.

In 3-D work they In 3-D work they incorporated actual incorporated actual motion into the motion into the works of works of Kinetic Kinetic sculpturesculpture and and mobiles.mobiles. Umberto Boccioni, The City Rises. 1910. Oil on canvas. 6’ 6 ½” x 9’ 10 ½”. Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY.

MovementMovementDynamismDynamismFuturistsFuturists

Kinetic SculpturesKinetic Sculptures were were works that used air currents works that used air currents and gravity to create actual and gravity to create actual motion in the work. This motion in the work. This evolved eventually so that evolved eventually so that actual motors, or even lights actual motors, or even lights could be incorporated to could be incorporated to allow movement.allow movement.

MobilesMobiles are sculptures that are sculptures that are suspended, normally are suspended, normally from the ceiling, and from the ceiling, and incorporate motion by incorporate motion by means of the flow of air.means of the flow of air. Alexander Calder. Lobster Trap and Fish Tail. 1939. Hanging mobile.

Painted steel wire and sheet aluminum. 2.6 x .29 (8’6” x 9’6”). The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY.

Meet the ArtistMeet the ArtistChuck CloseChuck Close

American, b. 1940American, b. 1940 Chuck Close is a portrait Chuck Close is a portrait

painter, but not in the painter, but not in the traditional sense.traditional sense.

He works on an extremely He works on an extremely large scale.large scale.

He creates his work based He creates his work based on photographs he has taken on photographs he has taken of people.of people.

He was known as a leading He was known as a leading Photo-RealistPhoto-Realist in his early in his early career.career.

Chuck CloseChuck Close

In the late 1980’s he In the late 1980’s he suffered a sudden illness suffered a sudden illness that left him partially that left him partially paralyzed. He could use paralyzed. He could use his arms, but he could his arms, but he could no longer use his hands.no longer use his hands.

He now paints with a He now paints with a devise that is strapped devise that is strapped onto his arm, to which a onto his arm, to which a brush is attached.brush is attached.

Chuck CloseChuck Close He can not walk, is confined He can not walk, is confined

to a wheelchair, and uses a to a wheelchair, and uses a forklift to raise him above forklift to raise him above the floor to work on his the floor to work on his large scale paintings.large scale paintings.

His work is no longer His work is no longer Photo-Realistic, but are Photo-Realistic, but are completed in his own completed in his own personal style (form). He personal style (form). He still works from photos still works from photos which have been gridded which have been gridded but the artworks are now but the artworks are now filled with color and light. filled with color and light.

Movement & RhythmMovement & RhythmBuilding VocabularyBuilding Vocabulary

Write the definitions below, and write the term that each Write the definitions below, and write the term that each describes.describes.

1.1. The principle of design that indicates movement by the The principle of design that indicates movement by the repetition of elements.repetition of elements.

2.2. Rhythm you receive through the eyes rather than through Rhythm you receive through the eyes rather than through the ears.the ears.

3.3. A unit that is repeated in visual rhythm.A unit that is repeated in visual rhythm.4.4. A three dimensional motif.A three dimensional motif.5.5. A 2-D decorative visual repetition.A 2-D decorative visual repetition.6.6. The principle of design used to create the look and feeling The principle of design used to create the look and feeling

of action.of action.7.7. The principle of design used to guide the viewers eye The principle of design used to guide the viewers eye

through the work of art.through the work of art.8.8. A sculpture that actually moves in space.A sculpture that actually moves in space.

Movement and RhythmMovement and RhythmReviewing Art FactsReviewing Art Facts

Write out the following questions, and give the answer for Write out the following questions, and give the answer for each.each.

1.1. What is movement?What is movement?2.2. How is movement created in visual art?How is movement created in visual art?3.3. What is rhythm in visual art?What is rhythm in visual art?4.4. In general how is visual rhythm created in art?In general how is visual rhythm created in art?5.5. What is the difference between rhythm and movement?What is the difference between rhythm and movement?6.6. How are rhythm and movement the same?How are rhythm and movement the same?7.7. What is the difference between rhythm and pattern?What is the difference between rhythm and pattern?8.8. In general how are each of the different rhythms created? In general how are each of the different rhythms created?

( list these, define or explain each, and draw and example ( list these, define or explain each, and draw and example for each)for each)

9.9. Which elements are used to create movement? ( draw 4 Which elements are used to create movement? ( draw 4 examples to illustrate )examples to illustrate )