RHAGOLETIS CERASI (L.) IN WESTERN SICILY: PRESENCE, DAMAGES AND CONTROL IN ORGANIC CHERRY ORCHARDS Manuela Palumbo Piccionello, Virgilio Caleca, Matteo Maltese DEMETRA Department, Entomology, Acarology and Zoology Section, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
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RHAGOLETIS CERASI (L.) IN WESTERN SICILY: PRESENCE, … · 15 20 25 30 10 15 20 25 captures per trap per week % infestation on cherries Average Rhagoletis cerasi captures and infestation
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RHAGOLETIS CERASI (L.) IN WESTERN SICILY: PRESENCE,DAMAGES AND CONTROL IN
DEMETRA Department, Entomology, Acarology and Zoology Section, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Two already published papers:
• PALUMBO PICCIONELLO M., MALTESE M., CALECA V.– 2011 - Dannosità e controllo diRhagoletis cerasi (L.)in ceraseti biologici della Sicilia occidentale. In:Progetto per lo Sviluppo dell'Agricoltura Biologica inSicilia. Palermo,28-9-2011: 229-238.Sicilia. Palermo,28-9-2011: 229-238.
• PALUMBO PICCIONELLO M., CALECA V. – 2012 -Rhagoletis cerasi (L.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in WesternSicily: presence, damages and control in organic cherryorchards. IOBC/wprs Bulletin 74:147-155.
Order: DipteraFamily: Tephritidae
Rhagoletis cerasi (L.) Cherry Fly
A problem for late ripening cherry cultivar
in organic farming
Cherry orchards in Sicily (ISTAT, 2008)
• Few news about R. cerasi inEastern Sicily (Fimiani P. et al., 1978,1979)
• No news about R. cerasi in WesternSicily
Evaluation of the incidence of R. cerasi in organic cherry orchards in Western Sicily
through: • survey on presence and population
dynamic of the dipteran
AIMS OF THE RESEARCH
dynamic of the dipteran• assessment of
� damage in cherries; � susceptibility of some late-ripening cultivar;
• control tests with nets, pyrethrum andspinosad
San Giuseppe JatoGrisì
Contessa Entellina
Chiusa Sclafani
Palermo
Province
140 ha
Cherry orchards monitored during the research
(2006-2011)
Chiusa Sclafani
Bivona
Castrofilippo
Sciacca
Agrigento
Province
20 haTraditional cherry area (TRAD)
Isolated cherry orchards (ISOL)
Few cherry orchards area (FEW)
Area 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 TOTAL
Bivona TRAD X 1
Chiusa Sclafani 1 TRAD X X X 3
Chiusa Sclafani 2 TRAD X X X X X X 6
Chiusa Sclafani 3 TRAD X X 2
Chiusa Sclafani 4 TRAD X X 2
San Giuseppe Jato 1 TRAD X X X X X X 6
Cherry orchards monitored during the research
San Giuseppe Jato 1 TRAD X X X X X X 6
San Giuseppe Jato 2 TRAD X X X 3
Castrofilippo 1 FEW X X X 3
Castrofilippo 2 FEW X 1
Grisì FEW X X X 3
Contessa Entellina ISOL X X 2
Sciacca ISOL X 1
TOTAL 5 6 8 4 6 4 33
Monitoring (weekly controls) from mid- April to the end of July
by Rebell traps (3 per cherry orchard)
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sex ratio ♂♂/♀♀in yellow traps
Control tests with nets, pyrethrum and spinosad
Mesh 1 x 2 mm
Control tests with nets, pyrethrum and spinosad
3 treatments (1 per week) by:
Pyrethrum (Biopiren plus 160 Pyrethrum (Biopiren plus 160 ml/hl);
Spinosad (Laser 30 ml/hl).
Sampling on cherries(at commercial harvesting: mid- May – June):
1. 100 fruits/ week/ orchard.
Sampling on cherries(at commercial harvesting: mid- May – June):
1. 100 fruits/ week/ orchard.2. Observation under the stereomicroscope
RESULTSRESULTS
15
20
25
cap
ture
s p
er
tra
p p
er
we
ek
Average Rhagoletis cerasi captures in three different kinds
of cherry orchards areas (from 2006 to 2011)
0
5
10
22 Apr 29 Apr 6 May 13 May 20 May 27 May 3 Jun 10 Jun 17 Jun 24 Jun 1 Jul 8 Jul 15 Jul
R.c
era
sica
ptu
res
pe
r tr
ap
pe
r w
ee
k
Traditional areas Few cherry orchards area Isolated cherry orchards
Intervention threshold
30
40
50
60
R.c
era
si c
ap
ture
s p
er
tra
p p
er
we
ek
Rhagoletis cerasi captures in traditional cherry orchards
areas in five different years (from 2006 to 2011)
2006
2007
2008
2009
0
10
20
30
29 Apr 6 May 13 May 20 May 27 May 3 Jun 10 Jun 17 Jun 24 Jun 1 Jul 8 Jul 15 Jul
R.c
era
si c
ap
ture
s p
er
tra
p p
er
we
ek
2010
2011
Intervention threshold
8
10
12
14
16
Ca
ptu
res/
tra
ps/
we
ek
Average Rhagoletis cerasi captures of males and females in Rebell
traps in cherry orchards in four different years (from 2007 to 2010)
0
2
4
6
22 Apr 29 Apr 6 May 13 May 20 May 27 May 3 Jun 10 Jun 17 Jun 24 Jun 1 Jul 8 Jul 15 Jul
Ca
ptu
res/
tra
ps/
we
ek
males females
• (1/1 in Campania, Italy, Fimiani et al. 1981; 1/0.5 in Hungary,Tuba 2009)
• Sex ratio ♂♂/♀♀= average 1/0.5 (from 1/0.3 to 1/1.9)
25
30
3522 Apr 29 Apr 6 May 13 May 20 May 27 May 3 Jun 10 Jun 17 Jun 24 Jun 1 Jul 8 Jul 15 Jul
Cap
ture
s/ tr
aps/
wee
kTrend of Rhagoletis cerasi males and females captures in Rebell traps
in five different years (from 2007 to 2011)
males 2007
males 2008
males 2009
♀'10 ♀'07
♀’11
♂'07-08
♀'09
♀'08
♂'09
♂'10
♂’11
Highest captures→
0
5
10
15
20
Cap
ture
s/ tr
aps/
wee
k
males 2010
females 2007
females 2008
females 2009
females 2010
Forecasting the first adult emergence by daily soil temperature or