RFiD

What is RFID? RFID = Radio Frequency IDentification.

An ADC (Automated Data Collection) technology that:– uses radio-frequency waves to transfer data between a

reader and a movable item to identify, categorize, track..

– Is fast and does not require physical sight or contact between reader/scanner and the tagged item.

– Attempts to provide unique identification and backend integration that allows for wide range of applications

HISTORY OF RFID Mario W. Cardullo claims to have received the

first U.S. patent for an active RFID tag with rewritable memory on January 23, 1973.

That same year, Charles Walton, a California entrepreneur, received a patent for a passive transponder used to unlock a door without a key. A card with an embedded transponder communicated a signal to a reader near the door

BASIC TERMSA transponder is a wireless

communications, monitoring, or control device that picks up and automatically responds to an incoming signal. Transponders can be either passive or active.

A passive transponder allows a computer or robot to identify an object. Magnetic labels, such as those on credit cards and store items, are common examples.

Simple active transponders are employed in location, identification, and navigation systems for commercial and private aircraft.

HOW RFID WORKSA Radio-Frequency IDentification system

has three pArts:A scanning antenna A transceiver with a decoder to interpret the

data A transponder - the RFID tag - that has been

programmed with information. RFID tag may be of one of two types:Active RFID tagsPassive RFID tags

STEP 1

Antenna fields: Inductive coupling

TransceiverTag Reader

antenna

RFIDTag

IC or microprocessor

antenna

STEP 2

Antenna fields: Propagation coupling

TransceiverTag Reader

antenna

RFIDTag

antenna

PASSIVE RFID TAGNo on-board power source (for example, a battery)

Uses the power emitted from the reader to energize itself and transmit its stored data to the reader.

Reader always communicates first, followed by the

tag.

ACTIVE RFID TAGSHas on-board power source (for example, a

battery; other sources of power, such as solar, are also possible).

Own on-board power supply to transmit its

data to a reader. No need for reader's emitted power for data

transmission.

RFID system components

Eth

erne

t

RFIDReader

RFID Tag RF Antenna Network Workstation

RFID tags: Smart labels

… and a chip attached to it

… on a substrate e.g. a plastic

foil ...

an antenna, printed, etched

or stamped ...

A paper labelwith RFID inside

oSome RFID tags

RFID tag memory Read-only tags

Tag ID is assigned at the factory during manufacturing Can never be changed No additional data can be assigned to the tag

Write once, read many (WORM) tagsData written once, e.g., during packing or manufacturing

Tag is locked once data is written Similar to a compact disc or DVD

Read/Write Tag data can be changed over time

Part or all of the data section can be locked

RFID readersReader functions:

Remotely power tagsEstablish a bidirectional data link Inventory tags, filter resultsCommunicate with networked server(s)Can read 100-300 tags per second

Readers (interrogators) can be at a fixed point such asEntrance/exitPoint of sale

Readers can also be mobile/hand-held.

ADVANTAGES OF RFID RFID tags do not require line-of-sight. They can be

read through cardboard, plastic, wood and even the human body.

RFID tags are less susceptible to damage. An RFID tag is securely placed within an object or embedded in plastic, enabling the system to be used in a variety of harsh environments, such as areas of high temperature or moisture.

RFID Eliminates human errors, reduces labor and provides quick access to a wealth of information.

The data of a read-write (RW) RFID tag can be rewritten a large number of times.

Smart groceriesAdd an RFID tag to all items in

the grocery.

As the cart leaves the store, it passes through an RFID transceiver.

The cart is rung up in seconds.

RFID advantages over bar-codesNo line of sight required for readingMultiple items can be read with a single scan

Each tag can carry a lot of data (read/write)Individual items identified and not just the category

Passive tags have a virtually unlimited lifetimeActive tags can be read from great distances

Can be combined with barcode technology

DISADVANATGES OF RFID RFID systems are typically more expensive than

alternatives such as barcode systems.Tag collision and reader collision are common

problems with RFID. Tag collision occurs when numerous tags are present in a confined area.

RFID technology gives rise to numerous security concerns. Since the system is not limited to line-of-sight, external (and malicious) high-intensity directional antennas could be used to scan sensitive tags.

THANKSSUBMITTED BY:

ANIKET AGGARWALECE 5th SEM

SG-0507