RFID Tutorial [1].ppt [Read-Only]read.pudn.com/downloads102/ebook/418037/TI_rfid-tutorial1.pdfEPC Primer . JAG. Nov 2005 2 Texas ... – They established the goal of a 5 cent RFID

1JAG. Nov 2005Texas Instruments proprietary information

EPC Primer


What is EPC?

The EPC is equivalent to a barcode + Unique Number

“The Electronic Product Code (EPC) was conceived as a means

to identify physical objects. These include, not only retail products but also containers, packages and shipments. The EPC is a short, simple and extensible code designed primarily for efficient referencing to networked information.

Barcodes perform a similar function for product identification and

supply chain logistics utilizing the Uniform Product Code (UPC) and its numbering superset, the Global Trade Item Number (GTIN).”


EPC Initiative

● It all began with the MIT Auto ID Center in 1999

– They established the goal of a 5 cent RFID tag

– and moved into mainstream with the formation of

■ A subsidiary of UCC / EAN

■ Chartered with RFID/EPC standard adoption in retail supply chain

– Formulated the concept of “The internet of things”

– United the manufactures, retailers and technology providers to use RFID in Supply Chain applications

– Broke through two major RFID barriers (tag costs & standards)


EPCglobal Organisation

Working Groups

Business Action Group Hardware Action Group Software Action Group

EPCglobal Board of

Management

AUTO-ID

Labs

President EPCglobal

Business Steering

Committee (BSC)

Technical Steering

Committee (TSC)

Policy Steering

Committee (PSC)

Architecture Review

Committee

Texas Instruments is active in both Businessand Hardware groups

EAN Board of

Management

UCC Board of

Governors

GS1


EPC Drivers

● The EPC standardization is being driven by the large users

Retail giant to throwweight behind wirelesstracking of goods

Military Edict: Use RFID by 2005

Oct. 3, 2003 : The U.S. military has spelled out a

comprehensive plan to require all suppliers to

use active and passive RFID technology by

January 2005. The U.S. Acting Under Secretary

of Defense, Michael W. Wynne, yesterday sent a

memo to senior military officials spelling out an

ambitious plan to require suppliers to use active

and passive


EPC Early Adopters

“At meetings this week in Arkansas with its

suppliers , Wal*Mart reiterated its

commitment to phase-in RFID for inventory

tracking across its distribution network

starting in Jan 2005 and to be completed by

the end of 2006. 120 suppliers attended the

meetings & all are understood to be

committed to the mandate, which remains on

track.” (Nov 2003)

“At the IGD Supply Chain Summit, Tesco

announced the results of their trials and

strategy for RFID. It is looking for it’s top

100 suppliers to move to case level tagging

from Sept 04 to 2006; after 2006 it expects

all suppliers to case level tag (Nov 2003)

“The U.S. military has spelled out a

comprehensive plan to require all suppliers

to use active and passive RFID technology

by January 2005.” (Oct 2003)“Recently, METRO Group opened its first

Future Store worldwide in Rheinberg near

Duisburg. In the converted supermarket

of Metro’s Extra sales division, future

technologies for tomorrow’s retail trade are

tested and further developed under real

conditions” (Apr 2003)

“Target Issues RFID Mandate”

The retailer plans to require suppliers to put EPC tags on Pallets” (Feb 2004)


Early Adopter Milestones

● 2004: RFID pilot, refine strategy and pilot applications and

infrastructure

– Jan 2005: Regional implementation

– 2005: Continued domestic expansion

– 2006: Rollout of next 200 largest suppliers

– 2006: International rollout begins

Notes:

• 137 Manufacturers committed to comply from 2005. • 3 EPC equipped DCs, 104 equipped Stores • October 2005 there will be 500 stores/clubs and 5 DCs• Supplies can view data via ‘Retail Link’ site

https://retaillink.wal-mart.com/home

• Jan 2006 Stores & DCs will be Gen 2 enabled• Mid 2006 No more Gen 1 tags


● Supplier tagging expectations

– Nov 04: 20 suppliers ship tagged product

– 2005: 80 more suppliers are expected to follow

– Jan 06: 300 suppliers in compliance


http://www.future-store.org/

Notes:• Innovation Centre is approved for compliance tests• Using Philips EPC v1.19 for November 04 start• 2Q 06 will migrate to UHF Gen2



● Oct 03: Announces RFID Policy

– Jun 04: RFID Policy and implementation strategy finalized

– Oct 04: Tags will be mandatory on contracts issued after this date.

– Nov 05: Suppliers to fit approved passive RFID tag on cases/pallets and individual high cost items (requiring DoD’s UID)

Notes:• Will initially accept Class-0 and Class-1 tags• Already accepting tagged items @ 2 sites • Long-term will require Gen 2 EPC tags only• Tags can be coded with EPC or DoD structure • Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation (DFAR) Supplement allows DOD to mandate tagging for selected products.

http://www.defenselink.mil/releases/2003/nr20031023-0568.html



● 2005: Currently tagging totes with Class 1 Alien

– Q4 2005: Start Testing with Gen 2.

● 2006: Rollout of tagged totes and roll-cages with

Gen 2. Start of case level tagging.

http://www.tesco.com/radiobarcodes

Notes:• 190 stores equipped with Tyco readers. • 30 DCs to be RFID enabled.• Intends to use OATSystems software.• Trialling with Zebra printers.• Starting item tracking program.



● Feb 04: Announces RFID Policy

– Feb 04: Mandates Top Suppliers to prepare for RFID

– Spring 05: Pallets & cases to ‘Select’ D/Cs to be tagged

– Spring 07: All Suppliers to fit passive RFID tag on cases & pallets

Notes:• Will start with one DC in the Dallas-Fort Worth Area • Selected suppliers to start tagging Autumn 2004• Expand the scheme to 50 stores by June 2005 • Will accept Gen 2 at DCs in Feb, stores March 2006• Suppliers can share data via ‘Partners Online’

https://econsults.partners.org/



● Aug 04: Announces RFID Policy

– During 2005: Testing at selected stores and distribution centers

– Jan 06: System goes live

– May 07: All Suppliers to fit passive RFID tag on cases & pallets

Notes:• Suppliers sent detailed document outlining steps to be taken• Participated in Accenture supported consortium to examine

benefits of RFID in electronics supply chain • Jan 06, 80% of suppliers will start shipping tagged carton & pallets to

2 DCs and on to 5 stores


Emerging Adopters in Europe


EPC Drivers

● Perceived Benefits

– Inventory management

■ More accurate shipments

■ Streamlined receiving/ picking/ forwarding.

■ Improved labour utilization/ reduced costs

– Order Management

■ Shorter lead times

■ Reduced ‘safety’ stock holding

■ More easily facilitated recalls/returns

■ Reduction in claims/ claims handling

■ Better consumer data from retailers

– Theft and Counterfeiting

■ Better brand management/ Protection

■ Fewer ‘Gray Market’ goods


EPCglobal Network™

● The Electronic Product Code Network was conceived as a secure real-time means to identify objects using Networked Information.

Tags The data carriers

ReaderThe data capture device; portable or fixed (installed), connected to a EPCIS server via a network.

EPCElectronic Product Code: the code carried by the data carrier; the globally unique pointer for making enquiries about the item.

EPCISEPC Information Service: Servers which act as local repositories for EPCs and which support sophisticated, flexible middleware.

ONS Object Name Service; the distributed resource that “knows” where information about EPCs is held (just like DNS).

PMLPhysical Markup Language; like XML, with XQL query structure to allow structured querying and reporting of EPCs.


EPC Tags & Protocols

● Standards and Protocols defined by the MIT Auto-ID Centre have migrated through the Hardware Action Group (HAG) to EPC Global

UHF Gen 296-bit R/W

4Q04

“Agile”Reader64-bit R/O

Matrics

(Class 0)

64-bit WormAlien

(Class 1)

HAG


Electronic Product Code

● The original EPC class definitions were:

EPC Class Operation

0 Read Only (R/O)

1 Write Once, Read Many (WORM)

2 Read / Write (R/W) with larger memory

3 Read / Write Battery enhanced for extra range

4 Read / Write Active Transmitter

● Two manufacturers protocols were incorporated:

Matrics– Matrics – Class 0 (R/O)

Alien

– Alien – Class 1 (Worm)



● With Gen 2, the class definitions have been re-defined:

Class Operation

1 Identity tags – base definition for passive backscatter tags:

• An EPC identifier

• Tag ID Memory

• A ‘Kill’ function

• Optional ‘access’ password and User memory

2 Higher Functionality Tags with

• Extended Tag ID and User memory

• Authenticated access control

3 Semi-passive Tags with

• An integral power source

• Sensing circuitry

4 Active Tags

• Tag-to-Tag communications

• Active communications

• Ad-hoc networking capabilities



● The Electronic Product Code was conceived with RFID as the technology to make the vision possible.

– It is the Header that defines the fields in the Electronic Product Code (ePC):

Type 1 8 28 24 36 96-bits

■ The header allows for different lengths of data to suit different technologies

■ It allows for longer ePC lengths to be defined (e.g. 256-bits)

■ It ensures that existing codes (e.g. EAN/UCC GTIN codes and VIN numbers) can be mapped to the ePC



The Serial Number uniquely identifies each 330 ml can

The Object Class is the exact type of product, most often the SKU (Stock keeping unit)

e.g. Diet Coke 330 ml can, US version

The ePC Manager is the manufacturer of the product.

e.g., Coca Cola



● The Electronic Product Code Protocols Update

– Following the withdrawal of the competing proposals, a joint submission, incorporating the best features of the these proposals, was re-issued as the ‘Chicago Protocol’ at the end of June 2004

– The Hardware Action Group (HAG), of which TI is a member, submitted comments on this specification

– The review committee approved the changes, a revised document was issued and the HAG voted to move the modified Chicago specification to ‘Candidate Status' October 2004)

– Prototype tags and readers (Artifacts) were built to validate the specification and the UHF GEN 2 standard was ratified at year end 2004

– TI began volume production in Q3 2005

RFID Tutorial [1].ppt [Read-Only]read.pudn.com/downloads102/ebook/418037/TI_rfid-tutorial1.pdfEPC Primer . JAG. Nov 2005 2 Texas ... – They established the goal of a 5 cent RFID

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