Rfid In Brief Ii

RFID in BriefRFID in BriefPrepared by

Zahir B. Malik

BarcodingBarcoding

BiometricsBiometricsVoiceVoice

RecognitionRecognition

RFIDRFID

ElectronicElectronicSignaturesSignatures

A system that allows an object or person to declare its unique identity

What is RFID?What is RFID?

A form of Auto Identification Technologies

What are The Components of anRFID System

Reader

Antenna

RF Field

Computer

Source: Symbol Technology

RFID Tag/Label

What is RFID?

Stands for Radio Frequency Identification

Uses radio waves for identification

New frontier in the field of information technology

One form of Automatic Identification

Provides unique identification or serial number of an

object (pallets, cases, items, animals, document,

human)

The RFID tag is made up of several parts:The RFID tag is made up of several parts:

A microchip that stores data and A microchip that stores data and modulates and demodulates analog radio modulates and demodulates analog radio waveswaves

An antenna that gathers RF energy from An antenna that gathers RF energy from a reader and reflects back a signala reader and reflects back a signal

A protective layer that can be used to A protective layer that can be used to create a label or other type of create a label or other type of transpondertransponder

The RFID Tag ComponentsThe RFID Tag Components

The reader emits radio wavesThe reader emits radio waves The tag coverts the radio waves into The tag coverts the radio waves into

electricity to power up the microchip electricity to power up the microchip

The microchip modulates and The microchip modulates and demodulates the antenna and sends demodulates the antenna and sends backs long and short waves or waves of backs long and short waves or waves of different amplitudedifferent amplitude

The reader converts these waves into a The reader converts these waves into a string of ones and zerosstring of ones and zeros

A computer turns the ones and zeros into A computer turns the ones and zeros into digital informationdigital information

How it works ?

RFID’s Unique Capabilities

No “line of sight” required to read tags

Simultaneous communication with multiple tags

Each Item is unique; prevents double counting

Bulk reading capability

Can store information directly on tags

High memory capacity

Long read ranges

Performance not limited by harsh environments versus bar codes

Typical RFID Applications

Production Control & Supply chain

Access ControlAsset Protection/Tracking

Sea & Land AnimalTracking

Vehicle Identification/Tracking

Electronic ArticleSurveillance

Three Basic Types

Active Battery powered memory, radio & circuitry Tag transmits radio signal High Read Range (300 feet)

Active Backscatter Battery powered memory and circuitry Tag reflects radio signal from reader Medium Read Range (10 - 50 feet)

Passive Backscatter Reader powered Tag reflects radio signal from reader Shorter Read Range (4 inches - 15 feet)

Tag Types

Memory Size (16 bits - 512KBytes +) Read-Only, Read/Write or WORM Type: EEProm, Antifuse, FeRam

Arbitration (Anti-collision) Ability to read/write one or

many tags at a time

Frequency 125KHz - 5.8 GHz

Physical Dimensions Thumbnail to Brick sizes

Price ($0.50 to $250)

RFID Tags

Tag is a device used to transmit information such as a serial number to the reader in a contact less manner

Classified as : Passive – energy from reader Active - battery Semi-passive – battery and energy from reader

RFID Frequency rangeFrequency BandFrequency Band DescriptionDescription

< 135 KHz< 135 KHz Low frequencyLow frequency

6.765 – 6.795 MHz6.765 – 6.795 MHz HFHF

7.4 – 8.8 MHz7.4 – 8.8 MHz HFHF

13.553 – 13.567 MHz13.553 – 13.567 MHz HFHF

26.957 – 27. 283 MHz26.957 – 27. 283 MHz HFHF

433 MHz433 MHz UHFUHF

868 – 870 MHz868 – 870 MHz UHFUHF

902 – 928 MHz902 – 928 MHz UHFUHF

2.4 – 2.483 GHz2.4 – 2.483 GHz SHFSHF

5.725 – 5.875 GHz5.725 – 5.875 GHz SHFSHF

RFID Frequencies

Inductive magnetic field coupling 125 kHz

Access control Animal identification

13.56 MHz Smart cards Access control

Electromagnetic field coupling (UHF & microwave) 433MHz & 862-928 MHz

Toll collection systems Railroad car monitoring

2.45 GHz Item management

5.8 GHz European tolls

History

-The EPCglobal Network basis was developed by the The EPCglobal Network basis was developed by the Auto-ID Center, an academic research project at MIT Auto-ID Center, an academic research project at MIT ( began in 1999)supported by members and industry ( began in 1999)supported by members and industry grants. grants.

-Auto-ID Center closed in 2003, transferring its -Auto-ID Center closed in 2003, transferring its technology rights to EPCglobal.technology rights to EPCglobal.

-EPCglobal is a joint venture between EAN International -EPCglobal is a joint venture between EAN International and the Uniform Code Council. UPC/UCC/EAN family of and the Uniform Code Council. UPC/UCC/EAN family of barcodes are known as the Global Trade Item Number, barcodes are known as the Global Trade Item Number, a worldwide system of supply chain identification. The a worldwide system of supply chain identification. The basic UPC barcode extends to include country, basic UPC barcode extends to include country, classification and product information.classification and product information.

EPC Code Structure

HeaderHeader: identifies the EPC version : identifies the EPC version number – allows for different number – allows for different lengths or types of EPC: lengths or types of EPC: Type I, Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV.Type II, Type III, Type IV.

EPC ManagerEPC Manager: the manufacturer of : the manufacturer of the product the EPC is attached the product the EPC is attached to: ex. to: ex. Coca ColaCoca Cola

Object ClassObject Class: exact type of : exact type of product, most often the SKU product, most often the SKU (Stock Keeping Unit): ex. (Stock Keeping Unit): ex. Diet Diet Coke US VersionCoke US Version

Serial NumberSerial Number: unique to the item : unique to the item tells tells exactly which Diet Cokeexactly which Diet Coke

TI EPC Bootcamp

ThanksThanks

Zahir B. Malik