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copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
RF Planning ampOptimisation
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
RF Design Requirements
The RF design inputs can be divided intoCapacity requirementsndash
Erlang per subscriber during the busy hourndashQuality of service
for the air interface in terms GoS ndashNetwork capacity
Coverage requirementsndash
Target coverage areas These should be marked
geographicallyndashCoverage area probabilityndashPenetration Loss of
buildings and in-cars
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Propagation Models
The prediction of propagation loss in a mobile radio environment
is very difficult given multiple factors such as
Irregular configuration of the terrain
Various shapes of architectural structures
Weather changes
An easy analytic solution to the problem does not exist
Combining both statistics and electromagnetic theory helps to
predict the propagation loss
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Models
There are few theoretical models and many empirical models to predict the propagation path loss
The Okumura-Hata model
The Walfisch-Ikegami model
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Okumura-Hata model
The Okumura-Hata radio wave propagation prediction is based
upon empirical information obtained from measurements in
Japan(Okumura 1965)
The Hata formula is a mathematical fit for the Okumura
graphical measurement data
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Okumura-Hata model
The Okumura-Hata model predicts the path loss L between the
transmitter and receiver taking into consideration the
frequency the height of antennas the propagation distance
and the terrain type
The model predictions correlate reasonably well with
measurements especially in urban and suburban areas
This is not the case in rural areas with irregular terrain
Correction factors are used for irregular terrain types such as
rolling hills isolated mountains general slopes (up or down)
and mixed land-water paths
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
General formula
L = a0 + a4middotlogf - a2middotloghb - amiddothm + [a1 ndash
a3middotloghb]middotlogd - Lc
where a0 a1 a2 a3 and a4 are adjustable parameters
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Comparison of two models
The Walfisch-Ikegami is preferably used for microcells
because it takes into account the effects of diffraction
and scattering
The Okumura-Hata model is based on quasi-smooth
terrain with no obstacles and therefore it is best
applicable for macrocells
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
LINK BUDGET
Link Budget Elements of a GSM Network
BTS Antenna Gain
Max Path Loss
Fade Margin
Feeder Loss
Diversity Gain
BTS Receiver Sensitivity
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
LINK BUDGET
BTS Transmit Power
Penetration Loss
MS Antenna Gain
Body and Cable Loss
Mobile Transmit Power
Mobile Receiver Sensitivity
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Typical Link Budget
TRANSMITTING END BTS (DL)MS (UL)
TRANSMITTER POWER OUTPUT 43dBm33 dBm
BODY LOSS 0-2 dB
COMBINAR LOSS 00
FEEDER LOSS (2dB100M) 15dB0
CONNECTOR LOSSES 2dB0
TRANSMITTER ANTENNA GAIN 175dB0
EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER 57dBm31dBm
TRANSMITTING END BTS (DL)MS (UL)
TRANSMITTER POWER OUTPUT 43dBm33 dBm
BODY LOSS 0-2 dB
COMBINAR LOSS 00
FEEDER LOSS (2dB100M) -15dB0
CONNECTOR LOSSES -2dB0
TRANSMITTER ANTENNA GAIN 175dB0
EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER 57dBm31dBm
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Typical Link Budget
RECEIVING END MS (DL)BTS (UL)
RECEIVER SENSITIVITY -112 dBm-115 dBm
RECEIVE ANTENNA GAIN 0175 dB
ANTENNA DIVERSITY GAIN 03 dB
CONNECTOR LOSS 0-2 dB
INTERFERENCE DEGRADATION MARGIN -3 dB-3 dB
BODY LOSS -3 dB0
REQUIRED ISOTROPIC RECEIVE POWER -102 dBm-126 dBm
DUPLEXERLOSS 0 dB0
FADE MARGIN -4 dB-4 dB
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Antenna Selection
Gain of antenna
Height of antenna
Beamwidths in horizontal and vertical radiated planes
VSWR Nominal impedance
Frequency range
Radiated pattern (beamshape) in horizontal and vertical
planes Polarisation
Downtilt
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RF Planning Tool
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Map with Clutters and Heights
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Map with Vectors
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Site Properties
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Transmitter Properties
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TRXs Properties
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Neighbours List
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Different Levels of Signal Coverage
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Optimization
10486981048698 What is Optimization
Activity of achieving and
maintaining the required quality
as designed
10486981048698 Why Optimization
Deviations between plan and reality
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
What is Optimization
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
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Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
RF Design Requirements
The RF design inputs can be divided intoCapacity requirementsndash
Erlang per subscriber during the busy hourndashQuality of service
for the air interface in terms GoS ndashNetwork capacity
Coverage requirementsndash
Target coverage areas These should be marked
geographicallyndashCoverage area probabilityndashPenetration Loss of
buildings and in-cars
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Propagation Models
The prediction of propagation loss in a mobile radio environment
is very difficult given multiple factors such as
Irregular configuration of the terrain
Various shapes of architectural structures
Weather changes
An easy analytic solution to the problem does not exist
Combining both statistics and electromagnetic theory helps to
predict the propagation loss
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Models
There are few theoretical models and many empirical models to predict the propagation path loss
The Okumura-Hata model
The Walfisch-Ikegami model
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Okumura-Hata model
The Okumura-Hata radio wave propagation prediction is based
upon empirical information obtained from measurements in
Japan(Okumura 1965)
The Hata formula is a mathematical fit for the Okumura
graphical measurement data
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Okumura-Hata model
The Okumura-Hata model predicts the path loss L between the
transmitter and receiver taking into consideration the
frequency the height of antennas the propagation distance
and the terrain type
The model predictions correlate reasonably well with
measurements especially in urban and suburban areas
This is not the case in rural areas with irregular terrain
Correction factors are used for irregular terrain types such as
rolling hills isolated mountains general slopes (up or down)
and mixed land-water paths
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
General formula
L = a0 + a4middotlogf - a2middotloghb - amiddothm + [a1 ndash
a3middotloghb]middotlogd - Lc
where a0 a1 a2 a3 and a4 are adjustable parameters
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Comparison of two models
The Walfisch-Ikegami is preferably used for microcells
because it takes into account the effects of diffraction
and scattering
The Okumura-Hata model is based on quasi-smooth
terrain with no obstacles and therefore it is best
applicable for macrocells
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
LINK BUDGET
Link Budget Elements of a GSM Network
BTS Antenna Gain
Max Path Loss
Fade Margin
Feeder Loss
Diversity Gain
BTS Receiver Sensitivity
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
LINK BUDGET
BTS Transmit Power
Penetration Loss
MS Antenna Gain
Body and Cable Loss
Mobile Transmit Power
Mobile Receiver Sensitivity
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Typical Link Budget
TRANSMITTING END BTS (DL)MS (UL)
TRANSMITTER POWER OUTPUT 43dBm33 dBm
BODY LOSS 0-2 dB
COMBINAR LOSS 00
FEEDER LOSS (2dB100M) 15dB0
CONNECTOR LOSSES 2dB0
TRANSMITTER ANTENNA GAIN 175dB0
EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER 57dBm31dBm
TRANSMITTING END BTS (DL)MS (UL)
TRANSMITTER POWER OUTPUT 43dBm33 dBm
BODY LOSS 0-2 dB
COMBINAR LOSS 00
FEEDER LOSS (2dB100M) -15dB0
CONNECTOR LOSSES -2dB0
TRANSMITTER ANTENNA GAIN 175dB0
EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER 57dBm31dBm
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Typical Link Budget
RECEIVING END MS (DL)BTS (UL)
RECEIVER SENSITIVITY -112 dBm-115 dBm
RECEIVE ANTENNA GAIN 0175 dB
ANTENNA DIVERSITY GAIN 03 dB
CONNECTOR LOSS 0-2 dB
INTERFERENCE DEGRADATION MARGIN -3 dB-3 dB
BODY LOSS -3 dB0
REQUIRED ISOTROPIC RECEIVE POWER -102 dBm-126 dBm
DUPLEXERLOSS 0 dB0
FADE MARGIN -4 dB-4 dB
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Antenna Selection
Gain of antenna
Height of antenna
Beamwidths in horizontal and vertical radiated planes
VSWR Nominal impedance
Frequency range
Radiated pattern (beamshape) in horizontal and vertical
planes Polarisation
Downtilt
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
RF Planning Tool
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Clutters and Heights
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Vectors
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Site Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Transmitter Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
TRXs Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Neighbours List
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Different Levels of Signal Coverage
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Optimization
10486981048698 What is Optimization
Activity of achieving and
maintaining the required quality
as designed
10486981048698 Why Optimization
Deviations between plan and reality
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
What is Optimization
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Propagation Models
The prediction of propagation loss in a mobile radio environment
is very difficult given multiple factors such as
Irregular configuration of the terrain
Various shapes of architectural structures
Weather changes
An easy analytic solution to the problem does not exist
Combining both statistics and electromagnetic theory helps to
predict the propagation loss
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Models
There are few theoretical models and many empirical models to predict the propagation path loss
The Okumura-Hata model
The Walfisch-Ikegami model
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Okumura-Hata model
The Okumura-Hata radio wave propagation prediction is based
upon empirical information obtained from measurements in
Japan(Okumura 1965)
The Hata formula is a mathematical fit for the Okumura
graphical measurement data
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Okumura-Hata model
The Okumura-Hata model predicts the path loss L between the
transmitter and receiver taking into consideration the
frequency the height of antennas the propagation distance
and the terrain type
The model predictions correlate reasonably well with
measurements especially in urban and suburban areas
This is not the case in rural areas with irregular terrain
Correction factors are used for irregular terrain types such as
rolling hills isolated mountains general slopes (up or down)
and mixed land-water paths
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
General formula
L = a0 + a4middotlogf - a2middotloghb - amiddothm + [a1 ndash
a3middotloghb]middotlogd - Lc
where a0 a1 a2 a3 and a4 are adjustable parameters
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Comparison of two models
The Walfisch-Ikegami is preferably used for microcells
because it takes into account the effects of diffraction
and scattering
The Okumura-Hata model is based on quasi-smooth
terrain with no obstacles and therefore it is best
applicable for macrocells
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
LINK BUDGET
Link Budget Elements of a GSM Network
BTS Antenna Gain
Max Path Loss
Fade Margin
Feeder Loss
Diversity Gain
BTS Receiver Sensitivity
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
LINK BUDGET
BTS Transmit Power
Penetration Loss
MS Antenna Gain
Body and Cable Loss
Mobile Transmit Power
Mobile Receiver Sensitivity
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Typical Link Budget
TRANSMITTING END BTS (DL)MS (UL)
TRANSMITTER POWER OUTPUT 43dBm33 dBm
BODY LOSS 0-2 dB
COMBINAR LOSS 00
FEEDER LOSS (2dB100M) 15dB0
CONNECTOR LOSSES 2dB0
TRANSMITTER ANTENNA GAIN 175dB0
EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER 57dBm31dBm
TRANSMITTING END BTS (DL)MS (UL)
TRANSMITTER POWER OUTPUT 43dBm33 dBm
BODY LOSS 0-2 dB
COMBINAR LOSS 00
FEEDER LOSS (2dB100M) -15dB0
CONNECTOR LOSSES -2dB0
TRANSMITTER ANTENNA GAIN 175dB0
EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER 57dBm31dBm
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Typical Link Budget
RECEIVING END MS (DL)BTS (UL)
RECEIVER SENSITIVITY -112 dBm-115 dBm
RECEIVE ANTENNA GAIN 0175 dB
ANTENNA DIVERSITY GAIN 03 dB
CONNECTOR LOSS 0-2 dB
INTERFERENCE DEGRADATION MARGIN -3 dB-3 dB
BODY LOSS -3 dB0
REQUIRED ISOTROPIC RECEIVE POWER -102 dBm-126 dBm
DUPLEXERLOSS 0 dB0
FADE MARGIN -4 dB-4 dB
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Antenna Selection
Gain of antenna
Height of antenna
Beamwidths in horizontal and vertical radiated planes
VSWR Nominal impedance
Frequency range
Radiated pattern (beamshape) in horizontal and vertical
planes Polarisation
Downtilt
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
RF Planning Tool
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Clutters and Heights
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Vectors
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Site Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Transmitter Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
TRXs Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Neighbours List
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Different Levels of Signal Coverage
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Optimization
10486981048698 What is Optimization
Activity of achieving and
maintaining the required quality
as designed
10486981048698 Why Optimization
Deviations between plan and reality
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
What is Optimization
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Models
There are few theoretical models and many empirical models to predict the propagation path loss
The Okumura-Hata model
The Walfisch-Ikegami model
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Okumura-Hata model
The Okumura-Hata radio wave propagation prediction is based
upon empirical information obtained from measurements in
Japan(Okumura 1965)
The Hata formula is a mathematical fit for the Okumura
graphical measurement data
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Okumura-Hata model
The Okumura-Hata model predicts the path loss L between the
transmitter and receiver taking into consideration the
frequency the height of antennas the propagation distance
and the terrain type
The model predictions correlate reasonably well with
measurements especially in urban and suburban areas
This is not the case in rural areas with irregular terrain
Correction factors are used for irregular terrain types such as
rolling hills isolated mountains general slopes (up or down)
and mixed land-water paths
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
General formula
L = a0 + a4middotlogf - a2middotloghb - amiddothm + [a1 ndash
a3middotloghb]middotlogd - Lc
where a0 a1 a2 a3 and a4 are adjustable parameters
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Comparison of two models
The Walfisch-Ikegami is preferably used for microcells
because it takes into account the effects of diffraction
and scattering
The Okumura-Hata model is based on quasi-smooth
terrain with no obstacles and therefore it is best
applicable for macrocells
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
LINK BUDGET
Link Budget Elements of a GSM Network
BTS Antenna Gain
Max Path Loss
Fade Margin
Feeder Loss
Diversity Gain
BTS Receiver Sensitivity
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
LINK BUDGET
BTS Transmit Power
Penetration Loss
MS Antenna Gain
Body and Cable Loss
Mobile Transmit Power
Mobile Receiver Sensitivity
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Typical Link Budget
TRANSMITTING END BTS (DL)MS (UL)
TRANSMITTER POWER OUTPUT 43dBm33 dBm
BODY LOSS 0-2 dB
COMBINAR LOSS 00
FEEDER LOSS (2dB100M) 15dB0
CONNECTOR LOSSES 2dB0
TRANSMITTER ANTENNA GAIN 175dB0
EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER 57dBm31dBm
TRANSMITTING END BTS (DL)MS (UL)
TRANSMITTER POWER OUTPUT 43dBm33 dBm
BODY LOSS 0-2 dB
COMBINAR LOSS 00
FEEDER LOSS (2dB100M) -15dB0
CONNECTOR LOSSES -2dB0
TRANSMITTER ANTENNA GAIN 175dB0
EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER 57dBm31dBm
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Typical Link Budget
RECEIVING END MS (DL)BTS (UL)
RECEIVER SENSITIVITY -112 dBm-115 dBm
RECEIVE ANTENNA GAIN 0175 dB
ANTENNA DIVERSITY GAIN 03 dB
CONNECTOR LOSS 0-2 dB
INTERFERENCE DEGRADATION MARGIN -3 dB-3 dB
BODY LOSS -3 dB0
REQUIRED ISOTROPIC RECEIVE POWER -102 dBm-126 dBm
DUPLEXERLOSS 0 dB0
FADE MARGIN -4 dB-4 dB
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Antenna Selection
Gain of antenna
Height of antenna
Beamwidths in horizontal and vertical radiated planes
VSWR Nominal impedance
Frequency range
Radiated pattern (beamshape) in horizontal and vertical
planes Polarisation
Downtilt
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
RF Planning Tool
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Clutters and Heights
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Vectors
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Site Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Transmitter Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
TRXs Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Neighbours List
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Different Levels of Signal Coverage
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Optimization
10486981048698 What is Optimization
Activity of achieving and
maintaining the required quality
as designed
10486981048698 Why Optimization
Deviations between plan and reality
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
What is Optimization
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Okumura-Hata model
The Okumura-Hata radio wave propagation prediction is based
upon empirical information obtained from measurements in
Japan(Okumura 1965)
The Hata formula is a mathematical fit for the Okumura
graphical measurement data
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Okumura-Hata model
The Okumura-Hata model predicts the path loss L between the
transmitter and receiver taking into consideration the
frequency the height of antennas the propagation distance
and the terrain type
The model predictions correlate reasonably well with
measurements especially in urban and suburban areas
This is not the case in rural areas with irregular terrain
Correction factors are used for irregular terrain types such as
rolling hills isolated mountains general slopes (up or down)
and mixed land-water paths
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
General formula
L = a0 + a4middotlogf - a2middotloghb - amiddothm + [a1 ndash
a3middotloghb]middotlogd - Lc
where a0 a1 a2 a3 and a4 are adjustable parameters
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Comparison of two models
The Walfisch-Ikegami is preferably used for microcells
because it takes into account the effects of diffraction
and scattering
The Okumura-Hata model is based on quasi-smooth
terrain with no obstacles and therefore it is best
applicable for macrocells
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
LINK BUDGET
Link Budget Elements of a GSM Network
BTS Antenna Gain
Max Path Loss
Fade Margin
Feeder Loss
Diversity Gain
BTS Receiver Sensitivity
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
LINK BUDGET
BTS Transmit Power
Penetration Loss
MS Antenna Gain
Body and Cable Loss
Mobile Transmit Power
Mobile Receiver Sensitivity
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Typical Link Budget
TRANSMITTING END BTS (DL)MS (UL)
TRANSMITTER POWER OUTPUT 43dBm33 dBm
BODY LOSS 0-2 dB
COMBINAR LOSS 00
FEEDER LOSS (2dB100M) 15dB0
CONNECTOR LOSSES 2dB0
TRANSMITTER ANTENNA GAIN 175dB0
EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER 57dBm31dBm
TRANSMITTING END BTS (DL)MS (UL)
TRANSMITTER POWER OUTPUT 43dBm33 dBm
BODY LOSS 0-2 dB
COMBINAR LOSS 00
FEEDER LOSS (2dB100M) -15dB0
CONNECTOR LOSSES -2dB0
TRANSMITTER ANTENNA GAIN 175dB0
EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER 57dBm31dBm
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Typical Link Budget
RECEIVING END MS (DL)BTS (UL)
RECEIVER SENSITIVITY -112 dBm-115 dBm
RECEIVE ANTENNA GAIN 0175 dB
ANTENNA DIVERSITY GAIN 03 dB
CONNECTOR LOSS 0-2 dB
INTERFERENCE DEGRADATION MARGIN -3 dB-3 dB
BODY LOSS -3 dB0
REQUIRED ISOTROPIC RECEIVE POWER -102 dBm-126 dBm
DUPLEXERLOSS 0 dB0
FADE MARGIN -4 dB-4 dB
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Antenna Selection
Gain of antenna
Height of antenna
Beamwidths in horizontal and vertical radiated planes
VSWR Nominal impedance
Frequency range
Radiated pattern (beamshape) in horizontal and vertical
planes Polarisation
Downtilt
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
RF Planning Tool
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Clutters and Heights
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Vectors
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Site Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Transmitter Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
TRXs Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Neighbours List
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Different Levels of Signal Coverage
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Optimization
10486981048698 What is Optimization
Activity of achieving and
maintaining the required quality
as designed
10486981048698 Why Optimization
Deviations between plan and reality
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
What is Optimization
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Okumura-Hata model
The Okumura-Hata model predicts the path loss L between the
transmitter and receiver taking into consideration the
frequency the height of antennas the propagation distance
and the terrain type
The model predictions correlate reasonably well with
measurements especially in urban and suburban areas
This is not the case in rural areas with irregular terrain
Correction factors are used for irregular terrain types such as
rolling hills isolated mountains general slopes (up or down)
and mixed land-water paths
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
General formula
L = a0 + a4middotlogf - a2middotloghb - amiddothm + [a1 ndash
a3middotloghb]middotlogd - Lc
where a0 a1 a2 a3 and a4 are adjustable parameters
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Comparison of two models
The Walfisch-Ikegami is preferably used for microcells
because it takes into account the effects of diffraction
and scattering
The Okumura-Hata model is based on quasi-smooth
terrain with no obstacles and therefore it is best
applicable for macrocells
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
LINK BUDGET
Link Budget Elements of a GSM Network
BTS Antenna Gain
Max Path Loss
Fade Margin
Feeder Loss
Diversity Gain
BTS Receiver Sensitivity
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
LINK BUDGET
BTS Transmit Power
Penetration Loss
MS Antenna Gain
Body and Cable Loss
Mobile Transmit Power
Mobile Receiver Sensitivity
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Typical Link Budget
TRANSMITTING END BTS (DL)MS (UL)
TRANSMITTER POWER OUTPUT 43dBm33 dBm
BODY LOSS 0-2 dB
COMBINAR LOSS 00
FEEDER LOSS (2dB100M) 15dB0
CONNECTOR LOSSES 2dB0
TRANSMITTER ANTENNA GAIN 175dB0
EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER 57dBm31dBm
TRANSMITTING END BTS (DL)MS (UL)
TRANSMITTER POWER OUTPUT 43dBm33 dBm
BODY LOSS 0-2 dB
COMBINAR LOSS 00
FEEDER LOSS (2dB100M) -15dB0
CONNECTOR LOSSES -2dB0
TRANSMITTER ANTENNA GAIN 175dB0
EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER 57dBm31dBm
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Typical Link Budget
RECEIVING END MS (DL)BTS (UL)
RECEIVER SENSITIVITY -112 dBm-115 dBm
RECEIVE ANTENNA GAIN 0175 dB
ANTENNA DIVERSITY GAIN 03 dB
CONNECTOR LOSS 0-2 dB
INTERFERENCE DEGRADATION MARGIN -3 dB-3 dB
BODY LOSS -3 dB0
REQUIRED ISOTROPIC RECEIVE POWER -102 dBm-126 dBm
DUPLEXERLOSS 0 dB0
FADE MARGIN -4 dB-4 dB
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Antenna Selection
Gain of antenna
Height of antenna
Beamwidths in horizontal and vertical radiated planes
VSWR Nominal impedance
Frequency range
Radiated pattern (beamshape) in horizontal and vertical
planes Polarisation
Downtilt
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
RF Planning Tool
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Clutters and Heights
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Vectors
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Site Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Transmitter Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
TRXs Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Neighbours List
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Different Levels of Signal Coverage
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Optimization
10486981048698 What is Optimization
Activity of achieving and
maintaining the required quality
as designed
10486981048698 Why Optimization
Deviations between plan and reality
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
What is Optimization
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
General formula
L = a0 + a4middotlogf - a2middotloghb - amiddothm + [a1 ndash
a3middotloghb]middotlogd - Lc
where a0 a1 a2 a3 and a4 are adjustable parameters
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Comparison of two models
The Walfisch-Ikegami is preferably used for microcells
because it takes into account the effects of diffraction
and scattering
The Okumura-Hata model is based on quasi-smooth
terrain with no obstacles and therefore it is best
applicable for macrocells
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
LINK BUDGET
Link Budget Elements of a GSM Network
BTS Antenna Gain
Max Path Loss
Fade Margin
Feeder Loss
Diversity Gain
BTS Receiver Sensitivity
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
LINK BUDGET
BTS Transmit Power
Penetration Loss
MS Antenna Gain
Body and Cable Loss
Mobile Transmit Power
Mobile Receiver Sensitivity
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Typical Link Budget
TRANSMITTING END BTS (DL)MS (UL)
TRANSMITTER POWER OUTPUT 43dBm33 dBm
BODY LOSS 0-2 dB
COMBINAR LOSS 00
FEEDER LOSS (2dB100M) 15dB0
CONNECTOR LOSSES 2dB0
TRANSMITTER ANTENNA GAIN 175dB0
EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER 57dBm31dBm
TRANSMITTING END BTS (DL)MS (UL)
TRANSMITTER POWER OUTPUT 43dBm33 dBm
BODY LOSS 0-2 dB
COMBINAR LOSS 00
FEEDER LOSS (2dB100M) -15dB0
CONNECTOR LOSSES -2dB0
TRANSMITTER ANTENNA GAIN 175dB0
EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER 57dBm31dBm
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Typical Link Budget
RECEIVING END MS (DL)BTS (UL)
RECEIVER SENSITIVITY -112 dBm-115 dBm
RECEIVE ANTENNA GAIN 0175 dB
ANTENNA DIVERSITY GAIN 03 dB
CONNECTOR LOSS 0-2 dB
INTERFERENCE DEGRADATION MARGIN -3 dB-3 dB
BODY LOSS -3 dB0
REQUIRED ISOTROPIC RECEIVE POWER -102 dBm-126 dBm
DUPLEXERLOSS 0 dB0
FADE MARGIN -4 dB-4 dB
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Antenna Selection
Gain of antenna
Height of antenna
Beamwidths in horizontal and vertical radiated planes
VSWR Nominal impedance
Frequency range
Radiated pattern (beamshape) in horizontal and vertical
planes Polarisation
Downtilt
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
RF Planning Tool
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Clutters and Heights
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Vectors
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Site Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Transmitter Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
TRXs Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Neighbours List
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Different Levels of Signal Coverage
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Optimization
10486981048698 What is Optimization
Activity of achieving and
maintaining the required quality
as designed
10486981048698 Why Optimization
Deviations between plan and reality
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
What is Optimization
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Comparison of two models
The Walfisch-Ikegami is preferably used for microcells
because it takes into account the effects of diffraction
and scattering
The Okumura-Hata model is based on quasi-smooth
terrain with no obstacles and therefore it is best
applicable for macrocells
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
LINK BUDGET
Link Budget Elements of a GSM Network
BTS Antenna Gain
Max Path Loss
Fade Margin
Feeder Loss
Diversity Gain
BTS Receiver Sensitivity
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
LINK BUDGET
BTS Transmit Power
Penetration Loss
MS Antenna Gain
Body and Cable Loss
Mobile Transmit Power
Mobile Receiver Sensitivity
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Typical Link Budget
TRANSMITTING END BTS (DL)MS (UL)
TRANSMITTER POWER OUTPUT 43dBm33 dBm
BODY LOSS 0-2 dB
COMBINAR LOSS 00
FEEDER LOSS (2dB100M) 15dB0
CONNECTOR LOSSES 2dB0
TRANSMITTER ANTENNA GAIN 175dB0
EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER 57dBm31dBm
TRANSMITTING END BTS (DL)MS (UL)
TRANSMITTER POWER OUTPUT 43dBm33 dBm
BODY LOSS 0-2 dB
COMBINAR LOSS 00
FEEDER LOSS (2dB100M) -15dB0
CONNECTOR LOSSES -2dB0
TRANSMITTER ANTENNA GAIN 175dB0
EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER 57dBm31dBm
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Typical Link Budget
RECEIVING END MS (DL)BTS (UL)
RECEIVER SENSITIVITY -112 dBm-115 dBm
RECEIVE ANTENNA GAIN 0175 dB
ANTENNA DIVERSITY GAIN 03 dB
CONNECTOR LOSS 0-2 dB
INTERFERENCE DEGRADATION MARGIN -3 dB-3 dB
BODY LOSS -3 dB0
REQUIRED ISOTROPIC RECEIVE POWER -102 dBm-126 dBm
DUPLEXERLOSS 0 dB0
FADE MARGIN -4 dB-4 dB
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Antenna Selection
Gain of antenna
Height of antenna
Beamwidths in horizontal and vertical radiated planes
VSWR Nominal impedance
Frequency range
Radiated pattern (beamshape) in horizontal and vertical
planes Polarisation
Downtilt
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
RF Planning Tool
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Clutters and Heights
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Vectors
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Site Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Transmitter Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
TRXs Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Neighbours List
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Different Levels of Signal Coverage
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Optimization
10486981048698 What is Optimization
Activity of achieving and
maintaining the required quality
as designed
10486981048698 Why Optimization
Deviations between plan and reality
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
What is Optimization
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
LINK BUDGET
Link Budget Elements of a GSM Network
BTS Antenna Gain
Max Path Loss
Fade Margin
Feeder Loss
Diversity Gain
BTS Receiver Sensitivity
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
LINK BUDGET
BTS Transmit Power
Penetration Loss
MS Antenna Gain
Body and Cable Loss
Mobile Transmit Power
Mobile Receiver Sensitivity
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Typical Link Budget
TRANSMITTING END BTS (DL)MS (UL)
TRANSMITTER POWER OUTPUT 43dBm33 dBm
BODY LOSS 0-2 dB
COMBINAR LOSS 00
FEEDER LOSS (2dB100M) 15dB0
CONNECTOR LOSSES 2dB0
TRANSMITTER ANTENNA GAIN 175dB0
EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER 57dBm31dBm
TRANSMITTING END BTS (DL)MS (UL)
TRANSMITTER POWER OUTPUT 43dBm33 dBm
BODY LOSS 0-2 dB
COMBINAR LOSS 00
FEEDER LOSS (2dB100M) -15dB0
CONNECTOR LOSSES -2dB0
TRANSMITTER ANTENNA GAIN 175dB0
EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER 57dBm31dBm
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Typical Link Budget
RECEIVING END MS (DL)BTS (UL)
RECEIVER SENSITIVITY -112 dBm-115 dBm
RECEIVE ANTENNA GAIN 0175 dB
ANTENNA DIVERSITY GAIN 03 dB
CONNECTOR LOSS 0-2 dB
INTERFERENCE DEGRADATION MARGIN -3 dB-3 dB
BODY LOSS -3 dB0
REQUIRED ISOTROPIC RECEIVE POWER -102 dBm-126 dBm
DUPLEXERLOSS 0 dB0
FADE MARGIN -4 dB-4 dB
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Antenna Selection
Gain of antenna
Height of antenna
Beamwidths in horizontal and vertical radiated planes
VSWR Nominal impedance
Frequency range
Radiated pattern (beamshape) in horizontal and vertical
planes Polarisation
Downtilt
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
RF Planning Tool
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Clutters and Heights
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Vectors
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Site Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Transmitter Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
TRXs Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Neighbours List
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Different Levels of Signal Coverage
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Optimization
10486981048698 What is Optimization
Activity of achieving and
maintaining the required quality
as designed
10486981048698 Why Optimization
Deviations between plan and reality
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
What is Optimization
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
LINK BUDGET
BTS Transmit Power
Penetration Loss
MS Antenna Gain
Body and Cable Loss
Mobile Transmit Power
Mobile Receiver Sensitivity
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Typical Link Budget
TRANSMITTING END BTS (DL)MS (UL)
TRANSMITTER POWER OUTPUT 43dBm33 dBm
BODY LOSS 0-2 dB
COMBINAR LOSS 00
FEEDER LOSS (2dB100M) 15dB0
CONNECTOR LOSSES 2dB0
TRANSMITTER ANTENNA GAIN 175dB0
EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER 57dBm31dBm
TRANSMITTING END BTS (DL)MS (UL)
TRANSMITTER POWER OUTPUT 43dBm33 dBm
BODY LOSS 0-2 dB
COMBINAR LOSS 00
FEEDER LOSS (2dB100M) -15dB0
CONNECTOR LOSSES -2dB0
TRANSMITTER ANTENNA GAIN 175dB0
EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER 57dBm31dBm
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Typical Link Budget
RECEIVING END MS (DL)BTS (UL)
RECEIVER SENSITIVITY -112 dBm-115 dBm
RECEIVE ANTENNA GAIN 0175 dB
ANTENNA DIVERSITY GAIN 03 dB
CONNECTOR LOSS 0-2 dB
INTERFERENCE DEGRADATION MARGIN -3 dB-3 dB
BODY LOSS -3 dB0
REQUIRED ISOTROPIC RECEIVE POWER -102 dBm-126 dBm
DUPLEXERLOSS 0 dB0
FADE MARGIN -4 dB-4 dB
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Antenna Selection
Gain of antenna
Height of antenna
Beamwidths in horizontal and vertical radiated planes
VSWR Nominal impedance
Frequency range
Radiated pattern (beamshape) in horizontal and vertical
planes Polarisation
Downtilt
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
RF Planning Tool
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Clutters and Heights
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Vectors
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Site Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Transmitter Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
TRXs Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Neighbours List
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Different Levels of Signal Coverage
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Optimization
10486981048698 What is Optimization
Activity of achieving and
maintaining the required quality
as designed
10486981048698 Why Optimization
Deviations between plan and reality
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
What is Optimization
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Typical Link Budget
TRANSMITTING END BTS (DL)MS (UL)
TRANSMITTER POWER OUTPUT 43dBm33 dBm
BODY LOSS 0-2 dB
COMBINAR LOSS 00
FEEDER LOSS (2dB100M) 15dB0
CONNECTOR LOSSES 2dB0
TRANSMITTER ANTENNA GAIN 175dB0
EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER 57dBm31dBm
TRANSMITTING END BTS (DL)MS (UL)
TRANSMITTER POWER OUTPUT 43dBm33 dBm
BODY LOSS 0-2 dB
COMBINAR LOSS 00
FEEDER LOSS (2dB100M) -15dB0
CONNECTOR LOSSES -2dB0
TRANSMITTER ANTENNA GAIN 175dB0
EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER 57dBm31dBm
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Typical Link Budget
RECEIVING END MS (DL)BTS (UL)
RECEIVER SENSITIVITY -112 dBm-115 dBm
RECEIVE ANTENNA GAIN 0175 dB
ANTENNA DIVERSITY GAIN 03 dB
CONNECTOR LOSS 0-2 dB
INTERFERENCE DEGRADATION MARGIN -3 dB-3 dB
BODY LOSS -3 dB0
REQUIRED ISOTROPIC RECEIVE POWER -102 dBm-126 dBm
DUPLEXERLOSS 0 dB0
FADE MARGIN -4 dB-4 dB
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Antenna Selection
Gain of antenna
Height of antenna
Beamwidths in horizontal and vertical radiated planes
VSWR Nominal impedance
Frequency range
Radiated pattern (beamshape) in horizontal and vertical
planes Polarisation
Downtilt
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
RF Planning Tool
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Clutters and Heights
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Vectors
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Site Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Transmitter Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
TRXs Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Neighbours List
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Different Levels of Signal Coverage
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Optimization
10486981048698 What is Optimization
Activity of achieving and
maintaining the required quality
as designed
10486981048698 Why Optimization
Deviations between plan and reality
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
What is Optimization
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Typical Link Budget
RECEIVING END MS (DL)BTS (UL)
RECEIVER SENSITIVITY -112 dBm-115 dBm
RECEIVE ANTENNA GAIN 0175 dB
ANTENNA DIVERSITY GAIN 03 dB
CONNECTOR LOSS 0-2 dB
INTERFERENCE DEGRADATION MARGIN -3 dB-3 dB
BODY LOSS -3 dB0
REQUIRED ISOTROPIC RECEIVE POWER -102 dBm-126 dBm
DUPLEXERLOSS 0 dB0
FADE MARGIN -4 dB-4 dB
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Antenna Selection
Gain of antenna
Height of antenna
Beamwidths in horizontal and vertical radiated planes
VSWR Nominal impedance
Frequency range
Radiated pattern (beamshape) in horizontal and vertical
planes Polarisation
Downtilt
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
RF Planning Tool
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Clutters and Heights
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Vectors
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Site Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Transmitter Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
TRXs Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Neighbours List
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Different Levels of Signal Coverage
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Optimization
10486981048698 What is Optimization
Activity of achieving and
maintaining the required quality
as designed
10486981048698 Why Optimization
Deviations between plan and reality
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
What is Optimization
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Antenna Selection
Gain of antenna
Height of antenna
Beamwidths in horizontal and vertical radiated planes
VSWR Nominal impedance
Frequency range
Radiated pattern (beamshape) in horizontal and vertical
planes Polarisation
Downtilt
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
RF Planning Tool
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Clutters and Heights
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Vectors
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Site Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Transmitter Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
TRXs Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Neighbours List
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Different Levels of Signal Coverage
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Optimization
10486981048698 What is Optimization
Activity of achieving and
maintaining the required quality
as designed
10486981048698 Why Optimization
Deviations between plan and reality
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
What is Optimization
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
RF Planning Tool
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Clutters and Heights
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Vectors
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Site Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Transmitter Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
TRXs Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Neighbours List
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Different Levels of Signal Coverage
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Optimization
10486981048698 What is Optimization
Activity of achieving and
maintaining the required quality
as designed
10486981048698 Why Optimization
Deviations between plan and reality
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
What is Optimization
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Clutters and Heights
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Vectors
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Site Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Transmitter Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
TRXs Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Neighbours List
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Different Levels of Signal Coverage
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Optimization
10486981048698 What is Optimization
Activity of achieving and
maintaining the required quality
as designed
10486981048698 Why Optimization
Deviations between plan and reality
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
What is Optimization
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Map with Vectors
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Site Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Transmitter Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
TRXs Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Neighbours List
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Different Levels of Signal Coverage
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Optimization
10486981048698 What is Optimization
Activity of achieving and
maintaining the required quality
as designed
10486981048698 Why Optimization
Deviations between plan and reality
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
What is Optimization
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Site Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Transmitter Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
TRXs Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Neighbours List
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Different Levels of Signal Coverage
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Optimization
10486981048698 What is Optimization
Activity of achieving and
maintaining the required quality
as designed
10486981048698 Why Optimization
Deviations between plan and reality
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
What is Optimization
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Transmitter Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
TRXs Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Neighbours List
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Different Levels of Signal Coverage
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Optimization
10486981048698 What is Optimization
Activity of achieving and
maintaining the required quality
as designed
10486981048698 Why Optimization
Deviations between plan and reality
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
What is Optimization
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
TRXs Properties
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Neighbours List
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Different Levels of Signal Coverage
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Optimization
10486981048698 What is Optimization
Activity of achieving and
maintaining the required quality
as designed
10486981048698 Why Optimization
Deviations between plan and reality
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
What is Optimization
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Neighbours List
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Different Levels of Signal Coverage
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Optimization
10486981048698 What is Optimization
Activity of achieving and
maintaining the required quality
as designed
10486981048698 Why Optimization
Deviations between plan and reality
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
What is Optimization
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Different Levels of Signal Coverage
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Optimization
10486981048698 What is Optimization
Activity of achieving and
maintaining the required quality
as designed
10486981048698 Why Optimization
Deviations between plan and reality
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
What is Optimization
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Optimization
10486981048698 What is Optimization
Activity of achieving and
maintaining the required quality
as designed
10486981048698 Why Optimization
Deviations between plan and reality
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
What is Optimization
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Optimization
10486981048698 What is Optimization
Activity of achieving and
maintaining the required quality
as designed
10486981048698 Why Optimization
Deviations between plan and reality
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
What is Optimization
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Optimization
10486981048698 What is Optimization
Activity of achieving and
maintaining the required quality
as designed
10486981048698 Why Optimization
Deviations between plan and reality
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
What is Optimization
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Optimization
10486981048698 What is Optimization
Activity of achieving and
maintaining the required quality
as designed
10486981048698 Why Optimization
Deviations between plan and reality
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
What is Optimization
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Optimization
10486981048698 What is Optimization
Activity of achieving and
maintaining the required quality
as designed
10486981048698 Why Optimization
Deviations between plan and reality
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
What is Optimization
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
What is Optimization
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Why Optimization
Inaccuracy of radio planning
Statistical variations in the path loss characteristics
Implementation
Antenna radiation pattern and effective radiated power
Environment
Seasonal environmental changes eg trees leaves and
other environmental changes such as new highways
new buildings
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Performance Determinants
Coverage
Interference
Handover Behaviour
Traffic Distribution
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Coverage - Good signal level across the whole cell
coverage holes within a cellrsquos service area must be
minimized
Interference - A reasonable level of interference
must be contained at cells service area in order to provide a
quality air-interface
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Handover Behavior - The quality of the air-
interface in a cell with respect to handover behavior is
good no unnecessary handovers Rxquality at acceptable
level BTS amp MS use minimum transmit power
Traffic Distribution - The quality of the air-interface
in a cell with respect to traffic distribution is good
maximum amount of traffic can be handed
Performance Determinants
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Tests for Optimization
Initial network coverage verification and
benchmarking
Verification before and after changes
Locating and measuring interference
Locating areas where traffic problems exist
Locate coverage holes
Preventive maintenance
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Data Collection
CELL ID including BSIC LAC and time slot
RXLEVEL for the serving and the neighbour cells
RXQUALITY for the serving cell
BCCH BSIC for the serving and the neighbour cells
TRANSMIT POWER
GPS POSITION DATA
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Route Planning
Primary route (street level) includes all major roads highways
and wide thoroughfares
Secondary route (street level) includes all streets subdivisions
and compounds when accessable
Miscellaneous routes (in-building and special locations)
includes golf courses beach resorts shopping mails
department stores convention centers hotels and resorts
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Performance Problems that often encountered
Cell Dragging
Dropped Calls
Ping-Ponging
System Busy
Handover boundary
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Cell Dragging - Calls may drag a cell beyond the desired
handover boundary This might result dropped calls or bad
Rxquality
Suggestions
Create an appropriate neighbour cell list
Check serving cellrsquos cell identifier in the neighbour cellrsquos
neighbour list
Check neighbour cellrsquos BCCH BSIC LAC Cell ID etc
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Dropped Calls - Caused by either RF environments or
incorrect system parameters
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Existing or new coverage holes
Abnormalities such as call setup failure
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Ping Ponging - Serving keep changing and as a result
of bad audio quality
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is defined
Check HO parameters
Poor coverage
No optimal antenna configuration
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
System Busy - System busy on several call attempts and site
appears consistently on the traffic report Suggestions
Short Term
Reduce the traffic on the congested cellsite
re-design the antenna configuration
Change BTS configurationLong Term
Build a new cell site to off-load traffic
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Handover Boundary - Handovers do not occur at the desired
HO boundary the result is an imbalance in traffic distribution
across the system
Suggestions
Check if an appropriate neighbour cell list is definedCheck HO
parameters
Inappropriate antenna configurations of the serving and
neighbour cells
No TCH available (neighbour cells congestion)
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Testing and Analysis
Typical example of drive test equipment components
Test Mobile phone
Scanning receiver
Transceiver system
Antennas
GPS
Visual display unit
Laptop computer
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Drive Test Equipment
AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES(HP)
Test 4 networks simultaneously
10486981048698 Fast scanning receiver UL amp DL
10486981048698 Frequency Hopping Table
10486981048698 Spectrum Analysis
10486981048698 Channel Power
10486981048698 Interference Measurement
10486981048698 GSM Broadcast Channel Analysis
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Any Questions
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
copy BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED
Thank You
- RF Planning amp Optimisation
- RF Design Requirements
- Propagation Models
- Models
- Okumura-Hata model
- Okumura-Hata model
- General formula
- Comparison of two models
- LINK BUDGET
- LINK BUDGET
- Slide Number 11
- Slide Number 12
- Antenna Selection
- RF Planning Tool
- Map with Clutters and Heights
- Map with Vectors
- Site Properties
- Transmitter Properties
- TRXs Properties
- Neighbours List
- Different Levels of Signal Coverage
- Slide Number 22
- Slide Number 23
- Slide Number 24
- Slide Number 25
- Optimization
- What is Optimization
- Why Optimization
- Performance Determinants
- Slide Number 30
- Performance Determinants
- Drive Tests for Optimization
- Drive Test Data Collection
- Drive Test Route Planning
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Testing and Analysis
- Drive Test Equipment
- Slide Number 43
- Thank You
-
Related Documents
