Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World, 1750-1850 Chapter 21.

Revolutionary Changes Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World, in the Atlantic World,

1750-18501750-1850Chapter 21Chapter 21

Prelude to Revolution: The Prelude to Revolution: The Eighteenth Century CrisisEighteenth Century Crisis

Colonial Wars and Fiscal Colonial Wars and Fiscal CrisesCrises

►European wars 1600s, 1700sEuropean wars 1600s, 1700s Dutch v Spanish/PortugueseDutch v Spanish/Portuguese

►In America and AsiaIn America and Asia

British v. Dutch in 1600s and 1700sBritish v. Dutch in 1600s and 1700s Seven Years War (1756-1763)Seven Years War (1756-1763)

►Money issuesMoney issues Where will it come from?Where will it come from?

The Enlightenment and the Old The Enlightenment and the Old OrderOrder

► Apply Scientific Revolution to _____.Apply Scientific Revolution to _____. John LockeJohn Locke

►Reasonable peopleReasonable people►Natural rightsNatural rights►Limited governmentLimited government► If government fails then…….If government fails then…….

Jean Jacques RousseauJean Jacques Rousseau►Minimum controlMinimum control►Subordinate to communitySubordinate to community►Hatred for all forms of political and economic Hatred for all forms of political and economic

oppressionoppression

► Atheists and radicalsAtheists and radicals► VoltaireVoltaire

MonarchyMonarchy► Patronized EnlightenmentPatronized Enlightenment

Catherine the Great of RussiaCatherine the Great of Russia Frederick the Great of PrussiaFrederick the Great of Prussia

►Women were instrumentalWomen were instrumental► Enlightenment was popular to the ____Enlightenment was popular to the ____

America America ►Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin

Folk Cultures and Popular Folk Cultures and Popular ProtestProtest

►Most Europeans did not..Most Europeans did not..►Protests in EuropeProtests in Europe

TaxesTaxes

►Revolution and RichesRevolution and Riches

The American Revolution, The American Revolution, 1775-18001775-1800

Frontiers and TaxesFrontiers and Taxes

►After 1763 England had two problems:After 1763 England had two problems: Amerindian raids in PA and VAAmerindian raids in PA and VA

►Proclamation of 1763-Proclamation of 1763-►Quebec Act of 1774Quebec Act of 1774

►New TaxesNew Taxes Stamp ActStamp Act Townshend ActTownshend Act

►BoycottsBoycotts►ProtestsProtests►““Sons of Liberty”Sons of Liberty”

►““Boston Massacre” 1770Boston Massacre” 1770►East Indian Company’s monopoly on East Indian Company’s monopoly on

______ Tea TaxTea Tax

►Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party► Intolerable ActsIntolerable Acts

1. 1. 2. 2.

The Course of RevolutionThe Course of Revolution1775-17831775-1783

►Continental Congress Continental Congress Currency and armyCurrency and army

►G. WashingtonG. Washington

►Rhetoric of independenceRhetoric of independence Common SenseCommon Sense Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence

►Patriots and LoyalistsPatriots and Loyalists SlavesSlaves AmerindiansAmerindians

►AlliesAllies France in 1778France in 1778

►War ends in 1778 with victory in War ends in 1778 with victory in Yorktown, VA with Washington’s Yorktown, VA with Washington’s defeat of General Cornwallisdefeat of General Cornwallis Treaty of Paris 1783Treaty of Paris 1783

The Construction of Republican The Construction of Republican Institutions, to 1800Institutions, to 1800

►Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation►Constitutional Convention 1787Constitutional Convention 1787

Minority voteMinority vote

The French RevolutionThe French Revolution

The French Society and Fiscal The French Society and Fiscal CrisisCrisis

►French society was divided into 3 French society was divided into 3 groups:groups: First, Second, First, Second, and Third Estateand Third Estate

►BourgeoisieBourgeoisie►Peasants, merchants, artisansPeasants, merchants, artisans

►Taxes led to ____Taxes led to ____

Protests Turns to Revolution, Protests Turns to Revolution, 1789-17921789-1792

►Meeting of Estates GeneralMeeting of Estates General New taxesNew taxes National AssemblyNational Assembly

►Popular sovereigntyPopular sovereignty

►King called for the arrest King called for the arrest

of the National Assembly; of the National Assembly;

As it set forth its position inAs it set forth its position in

the Declaration of the Rights of Manthe Declaration of the Rights of Man

► Parisian market women marched on Parisian market women marched on Versailles and captured the king and his Versailles and captured the king and his family. family.

► The National Assembly passed a new _____ The National Assembly passed a new _____ that limited the power of the monarchy and that limited the power of the monarchy and restructured French politics and society. restructured French politics and society.

►When Austria and Prussia threatened to When Austria and Prussia threatened to intervene, the National Assembly declared intervene, the National Assembly declared war in 1791. war in 1791.

The Terror, 1793-1794The Terror, 1793-1794

►National ConventionNational Convention JacobinsJacobins

►““Mountain” factionMountain” faction

►Maximillien RobespierreMaximillien Robespierre Actions against clergy approvedActions against clergy approved Reign of Terror Reign of Terror

►Ended in 1794 with his arrest and executionEnded in 1794 with his arrest and execution

Reaction and DictatorshipReaction and Dictatorship

►The DirectoryThe Directory What signaled the end of the republican What signaled the end of the republican

phase of the revolution?phase of the revolution? Popular authoritarianism was confirmed Popular authoritarianism was confirmed

with the reign of _________ in 1799.with the reign of _________ in 1799.

►Napoleon's reformNapoleon's reform Concordat of 1801Concordat of 1801 Civil Code of 1804Civil Code of 1804 Emperor Emperor RestrictionRestriction

►WomenWomen►SpeechSpeech

►Alliances defeat Napoleon in 1814Alliances defeat Napoleon in 1814

Revolution Spreads, Revolution Spreads, Conservatives Respond, Conservatives Respond,

1789-18501789-1850

The Haitian RevolutionThe Haitian Revolution

►Saint DominqueSaint Dominque Rich and brutalRich and brutal Instability in France led to..Instability in France led to..

►Slave Rebellion in 1794Slave Rebellion in 1794 Francois Dominique Francois Dominique

Toussaint L’OuvertureToussaint L’Ouverture Independence 1804Independence 1804 Economy Economy

The Congress of Vienna and The Congress of Vienna and Conservative Retrenchment, Conservative Retrenchment,

1815-18201815-1820►Congress of ViennaCongress of Vienna

Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria met in Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria met in Vienna.Vienna.

Goal:Goal: Result:Result:

►““Holy Alliance”Holy Alliance” Repress liberal and Repress liberal and

nationalist ideasnationalist ideas Spain and ItalySpain and Italy

Nationalism, Reform, and Nationalism, Reform, and RevolutionRevolution1821-18501821-1850

►Popular support for national _________ Popular support for national _________ and ________ reform grew throughout and ________ reform grew throughout Europe.Europe. GreeceGreece FranceFrance

►Democratic reform movementsDemocratic reform movements U.S- War of 1812U.S- War of 1812 Britain- Corn LawsBritain- Corn Laws

►Revolutions in 1848Revolutions in 1848 France France

►Monarchy overthrown and replacedMonarchy overthrown and replaced

Other revolutions in Europe failedOther revolutions in Europe failed