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Title Revitalization of former Marine Police Headquarters
Author(s) Wan, Ngar-yee, Queenie.;
Citation
Issue Date 2002
URL http://hdl.handle.net/10722/29637
Rights The author retains all proprietary rights, (such as
patentrights) and the right to use in future works.
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Department ofRevitalization ofFormer MarinePo1iceHeadquarter
r-ICDC)
-'(D
WAN Ngar Yee, Queenie
Thesis Report2001/2002 L:
Bachelor of ArLs in Architectural StudiesMaster o
Architecture
Master of Landscape ArchitectureMaster of Urban Design
Department of Architecture . The University of Hong KongPokfulam
Road, Hong Kong . Tel (8521 28592133 Fax 852l 25596484
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Thesis Report Revitalization of former MarThe Police
Headquarters
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the following
people for their kindassistance and invaluable help in supporting
the preparation of this report.
Ms. Lynne D DiStefano Research Assistant Professor, HKU
Mr. Bill Graves Building Surveyor, Historical Building
Consultant
Miss Richie Heng Officer, Hong Kong Tourism Board
Dr. Trevor J. Holmes Historical Building Consultant
Mr. Lam Sai Ling Special Project & Advisory, ASD
Miss Prudence Ma Administrator, Flagstaff Tea House
Miss Victoria Mao Government Property Administrator
Miss Vickie Tsang Officer, Antiquities Monument Office
Miss Tsang Drawing Record Unit, Architectural Service
Department
Mr. Ambos Tang Architect, Rocco Design Limited
Ms Catherine Tsang Administrator, Fringe Club
Mr. Matthew Well Structural Engineer
Special Thanks to my supervisors Professor Patrick SS Lau and
Mr. Peter C. Smith,my panel thesis panels members, Mr. Peter T.T.
Kou, Mr. John W. Bradford and Mr.Alex Amato, for their guidance,
patient, precious advise and criticisms throughout thethesis
project. Professor Richard Frewer, Mr. N. Matsuda and Mr. Kenneth
Wong fortheir invaluable advice and suggestion in the last
jury.
..
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Revitalization of former Marine Police Headquarters
he sis
IXjt.Report
Supervisor: Prof. Patrick S.S. Lauby Wan Ngar Yee Queenie (MArch
II)
2001- 2002
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Thesis Report Revitalization of former Marine Police
Headquarters
C O N T E N T S
Acknowledgement i
1.0 Design Thesis Identification 2
1.1 Synopsis 21.2 Deficiencies in Hong Kong 31.21 Usage1.22
ArchitecturaI Expression1.23 Urban Linkage1.3 Statements of
Objectives 41.4 Scope of Work 4
2.0 Site Validation 5
2.1 Site Investigations 52.11 Site Location2.12 Site
Information2.2 Site Analysis 72.21 Geo-technical information2.22
Class of Site! Zoning2.23 Constraints2.24 Potential2.3 Context
Analysis 82.31 Land Use2.32 Circulation Movement2.34 Massing2.35
Urban Void2.36 Grid Pattern2.37 History of the site2.4
Justification of Site 12
3.0 Design Programme 12
3.1 Programme Description 123.2 Justification of Programme
123.21 Restaurantl Caf! Food Plaza3.22 Retail3.23 Cultural
Provisions3.34 Symbiosis of Composite use3.3 Schedule of
accommodation 143.34 Structure of inter-relationship 15
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Thesis Reort Revitafizetion of former Marine Pofice
Headguactrs
4.0 Research! Field works
4.1 Materials & Condition of the Marine Police Headquarters
164.2 Identification & Causes of Probiem IT4.3 Conservation
Recommendations 194.4 Comparison between Conservation Methods 224.5
Government Plan of Marine Police Headquarters
& Departments involved
5. 0 Case Studies 16
5.1 Objectives of Case Studies 24
5.2 The Sackler Galleries, London 24
5.3 Spa Bad Elster, Germany 27
5.4 Art Gallery, Sligo. Ireland 29
5.5 Royal Court Theatre, London 31
5.6 Museum of Religious Art Renewal,Utrecht, The Netherlands
33
5.7 Flagstaff House Museum of Tea Ware 8The K.S. Lo Gallery,
Hong Kong 35
5.8 Hong Kong Visual Arts Centre 38
5.9 Spatial Characters of Lan Kwai Fong 40
Bibliography
AppendicesAppendix A. Measured Drawings of former Marine Police
HeadquartersAppendix B. Record Drawings- Typical Details of Roof
Truss & Wall FootingAppendIx C Record Drawings offormer Fire
StationAppendix D. Comparison of programma between Fringe Club
& HK Art Centre
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Thesis Report Revitalization of former Marine Police
Headguartrs
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Thesis Report Revitalization of former Marine Police
Headquarters
1.0 Design Thesis Identification
"We conserve old things, not for their own sake nor in a
quixotic attempt to stop change,but the better to convey a sense of
history. This then implies a celebration ofchange, and of conflicts
of values that accompany history. It means connecting to theprocess
of the past to present change and values, instead of attempting to
detach itfrom them."
1.1 Synopsis
The heritage of former Marine Police Headquarter completed n
1884 have been 'eftabandoned for six years, located at the heart of
Tsim Sha Tsui with an inherentelevated position. The Victorian
style heritage and the natural characters of the sitecontrast
strongly with the surrounding modern development, however, this
piece ofvaluable architecture s usually overlooked by the general
public.
The thesis is targeted to explore an appropriate solution in
conservation of this heritage,in terms of its transformation to a
contemporary modern use, architectural expressionand with respect
to its urban context. Aiming to revitalize this historical site
into a newlandmark for local people and tourists, while maintaining
and reinforcing the charactersof the existing heritages and the
natural settings of the site. Besides enriching city lifewith the
provision of dinning, shopping and cultural activities, at the same
time toself-sustain the heritage financially in the long run.
'r-
I
j j . .....
Fig. 1 I The former Marine Police Headquarter on an elevated
hi!! site.
I Good city Form, by Kevin Lynch
41! 41
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Thesis Report Revitalization of former Marine Police
Headquarters
1.2 Deficiencies in Hong Kong
The thesis topic is generated from theobservation of
deficiencies experienced inheritage conservation; three aspects
areidentified as follows:
1)Usage /1The over-provided museum' type of usage or Fig. 1.2
Flagstaff House Museum of Tea Warethe lack of market demanded sense
haslimited the utilization of the heritage. Itsapproaches and
adapted usage attracts littleattention from general public and the
visitationfrequency is usually low. Examples are theFlagstaff House
Museum of Tea Ware in HongKong Park (Fig 1.2) and the Central
Market(Fig. 1.3) with merely a row of shabby retailscan hardly
attract visitors. "This domestic
Fig 1.3 The Central Marketapproach to heritage conservation
hasproduced piecemeal conservation efforts that transform
historical buildings intomuseums and exhibition halls." "Turning
Hong Kong's historical buildings into domesticmuseums is a dead-end
approach in heritage conservation, and certainly a dead-endapDroach
in tourism. " 2
2)Arc h itectu raiEx p ress io n
Ways to conserve a heritage is asubjective open question.
Facadismmethod with heritage partiallypreserved has been explored
inprecedents. Example like the OldMental Hospital in Sai Ying Pun
withonly the faade preserved asdecorative use (fig. i .4) is an Fig
1.4 The Old Mental Hospital in Sai Ving Punarguable statement in
heritageconservation.
3)Urban LinkageThe importance of heritage withrespect to
surrounding context is
Fg. 1.5 Sam Tung UK Museum2 "Is HerItage for Sale T' by Prof. D.
Lung, HK!A Journal Issue No.25
Fig I 6 Westorn Market
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Thesis Report Revitalization of former Marine Police
Headquarters
usually being unaware due to site constraints or economic
consideration. Theheritages are often being preserved as object but
not in relation to the surroundingcontext within urban planning
strategy. The conventional conservation approach isgeared to site
-specific protection and refurbishment but there is also a need
tounderstand this conceptionally through the components and
interstices of urbanp/aces."3 Examples are the Sam Tung UK Museum
(fig. 1.5) in Tsuen Wan and theWestern Market which converted into
theme retails and restaurants (fig. 1.6) in SheungWan. The
declining number of visitors reflect its potential has not been
fully utilized,simply related to the lack of urban consideration,
with inconvenient access and noother attraction nearby.
I .3 Statements of Objectivesi ) To explore the most appropriate
solution in
this specific heritage conservation in termsof its
transformation to a contemporarymodern use, architectural
expressionand with respect to its urban context.
2) To revitalize the site as a new landmark inSouthern Tsim Sha
Tsui for the localcommunity and tourists.
3) To enhance the inherent cultural image ofTsm Sha Tsui
4) To create economic benefit to self-sustainthe maintenance of
the heritage and the social.
5) To preserve and reinforce the characters of theexisting
heritages and the natural settings of thesite, such as minimizing
the tree-felling.
Fig. 1.7 Southern Tsim Sha Tsui
I .4 Scope of Work Fg 1.8 There are many mature frees on the
site1) The proposal is to transform the historical
building into a comprehensive commercial and cultural
development.2) Apart from introducing new activities into the
heritage. additional facilities will be
incorporated to serve the alternation, integration between New
and Old constructionis emphasized.
3) The urban context of the historical site would be considered,
including both thephysical and visual linkage above and below
ground. Relationship with thesurrounding circulation pattern, land
use, adjacent building height and faadedesign would be
emphasized.
Urban Renewal & Regeneration: Planning with the Past, by
P.C. Smith, HKIA Journal Issue No.22
4
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Thesis Report Revitalization of former Marine Police
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2.0 Site Validation2.1 Site Investigations2.11 Site LocationThe
proposed site is located in Southern Tsim Sha Tsui, bounded by
Salisbury Road tothe South, Peking Road in the North, Kowloon Bay
Drive to the East and Canton Roadto the West.
s,
m.*.o... T......
.Southern Tsim Sha Tsui
_!: 'up; ,!
r YT'i
I - . .. T::-:du .J
.w--w- . .
.
p,.
proposed siteAIa.
$._ F_.,
scale 1:5000
j ...2._=__------ .p*e4m-
j,'uu5
==_y , --rn-4_4 ,ibI. . ; ; fl
TSIM HA TSUJ
F,g 2 1 Aerial Photo & Location plans
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Thesis Report Revitalization of former Marine Police
Headquarters
2.12 Site Information
The Marine Police Headquarters within thesite provides
opportunity to explore waysfor heritage transformation.
Theheadquarters in Victorian style wascompleted in 1884, comprises
a mainbuilding (fig. 2.2), a stable block (fig. 2.3)and a signal
tower called the Round House(fig. 2.4). The main building was
originallya 2-storey structure, the present top floor
was added in 1920'sFig. 2.2 The main building of Marine
Police
In 1994, the main building and the
!Signal
Tower havebeen gazetted as amonument in Grade 1I. status under
theAntiquities &MonumentsOrdinance
Fig, 2.3 The existing stable block
in 7 4 Th Rrw inri Hn,pj
Fig. 2.5 Aerial Photo of the site
6
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Thesis Report Revitalization of former Marine Police
Headquarters
vieCo
2.2 Site Analysis
Historical blocks
king Rd
Cultural Centre
Pedestrian AccessSuitable for new development
Mature trees Vehicular / Emergency Access
Surrounding High-rise blocks Vew to the site
High-rise officel retail block under constructionFin 2A
e'
2.21 Geo-technical informationThe site is elevated with four
sides retaining walls constructed. Extensive undergroundtunnels
were constructed for air-raid shelter in the past.
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Thesis Report Revitalization of former Marine Police
Headquarters
2.22 Class of Sitel ZoningThe Marine Police Headquarters within
the Class C site was declared monument asGrade lin 1994. Now it has
been zoned to a Comprehensive Development Area.
2.23 ConstraintsExisting dense vegetation around the site has
limited the visual linkage between theplatform and street
level.
2.24 Potential1)The site is located at the heart of Tsim Sha
Tsui and its inherent elevated position
offers good conditions to generate it into a landmark.
2)There are several potential linkages between the site and the
surrounding like theCultural Centre opposite Salisbury Road and the
adjacent High-rise commercialblock that is being erected.
3)The main building, the Round House, the stable and fire
station preserved ashistorical monument can be adopted with new
uses.
4)New development is suitable to be accommodated on and below
the existingplatform of the site.
5) With Southern part of the site as important frontage,
maximising accessibility withpedestrian connection to the site from
surrounding.
6)A pleasing green zone is offered by the mature trees along the
site edgewithin the area.
2.3 Context Analysis2.31 Land Use
Close to the Cultural Centre and FerryConcourse, the site is
situated within atourist area and surrounded by hotels,cultural
facilities and commercialdevelopments. Transforming the siteinto a
distinctive prominence forcultural and tourist related usagewould
be feasible and sustainable.
LAND USE ... Hotel Cultural- Commerca Other GIC
Rohgou MonumentLIIproposed s$te
s
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Thesis Report Revitalization of former Marine Police
Headquarters
2.32 Circulation Movement FT Wt i Ub1 cH-Vehicular Traffic
FlowMajor vehicular flow occurs at widerSalisbury Road on the South
andKowloon Park Drive on the East.Comparing with these two
roads,lighter traffic flow at the one-wayPeking Road on the North
andCanton Road on the West.Vehicular! emergency access to thesite
is provided by the single roadfrom Canton Road.
a
IEmergency ,Vehicular -Access to 'site /'\ \
e
VEHICULAR TRAFFIC FLOW Heavy traffic flowMedium tratfic
flowLight traffic flow
Fig. 2.8 Proposed site
Fig. 2.9 Traffic along Kowloon Park Drive
-Pedestrian Traffic FlowConstant heavy pedestrian flow
atday-time and night-time occursalong Canton Road and
SalisburyRoad. Pedestrians access to thesite is via narrow steps in
thesoutheastern corner of the site andthe ramp along Canton
Road.
Fig.211Rampprovidesaccess tosite alongCantonRoad
Fig. 2,12Steps attheSouth-easttowardsthe site.
t !
t
.
--,.;
PEDESTRIAN FLOW
Fig. 2.10
. . . Heavy density. s . Medium density
Low denhtlyProposcd SPIC
t)
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Thesis Report Revitalization of former Marine Police
Headquarters
2.34 Massing
The site is surrounded byregular building blocks withheight
ranging from mid-rise tohigh-rise, the low-rise heritagebuildings
with Victorian stylemakes the elevated site moreunique and can be
potentiallytransformed into a focalpoint within the area.
2.35 Urban Void
Apart from the different parknature of Kowloon Park
andwaterfront promenade area, thecontext is lack of green openarea
except the chosen site; thecharacters of Open Space andIsland like
nature makes itstand out from thesurrounding.
-\;w? . I
\\ . I I#-, -- I '\\ 1\.LLI&-1'
I-j, ' \\ 1 14:--% IPir[ . u,
!
MASSiNGDproposed site
Fg 213
URBANVOID I parkspaceLIopen spaceDproposed site
Carmen Lam
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Thesis Report Revitalization of former Marine Police
Headquarters
2.36 Grid PatternThe grid pattern of Southern TSTis being
continuously modified bythe progressive development ofthat area.
The grid is first used inorganising Marine PoliceHeadquarters area
(Type I gridin Fig.2. 15) and the waterfrontdevelopment for the
wharf (Type2 grid), but they have undergonechanges through years.
The gridpattern is still obvious in itsvertical delineation of the
area.Major roads like Nathan Road.and Canton Road leading to
thewaterfront also forms a strongdirectional structure in the
urbanmorphology.
Fiq
II_--.---i.i.rnlIaII'9
.
_...._.lI._ess_I_..
1 *t;;tt:llu
-11111__ii_._IIS
1[14'lGRID PATTERN
_i . Grid pattern at area around the Marine
PoliceHeadquarters.2. Grid pattern at waterfront area for the
wharfand godowns.
- .3. Kowloon Park Drive cuts through the grid pattern.4.
Salisbury Rd. separates the urban fabric from thewaterfront area
with the Cultural Centre, that bearsno relationship with the
existing grid.
237 History of the siteThe hill site has great historical value,
it hadoccupied one of the most commanding positions inthe Colony
when it was built, and possessesmagnificent view of the habour and
KowloonPeninsula (fig 2.16). lt was then became a strategiclocation
during the Japanese occupation period. Therelation between the site
and sea had been fadedaway since the reclamation process in the
1880s (fig2. 17)
,IL -:
The start of reclamationIn 1886
seLMt-
Southern TST in i 925
Fig. 2.16
I\
,>-introduction of road systemIn 1975
Il
..$MIR reservation ri 1980
Fig. 2.17
Carmen Lam
Carmen Lam
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Thesis Report Revitalization of former Marine Police
Headquarters
2.4 Justification of Site
The Former Marine Police Headquarters within the site provides
opportunity to exploreways for heritage conservation. The inherent
isolated position of the site, together withits unique location
between the cultural waterfront and commercial context
withintourist area offers good conditions to generate the site into
a landmark and testsolutions for urban connection.At present Tsim
Sha Tsui does not have a focal point for tourists to gather and
relax,the unusual position of the site makes it a distinctive
prominence in the area. Thecritical mass of retails, restaurants,
cafe and cultural facilities help to enliven the areaby creating a
new destination for tourists and local artists. The site is around
onehectare in size; additional development can be incorporated on
and below the platform.
3.0 Design Programme
3.1 Programme DescriptionTo transform the heritage buildings of
Marine PoliceHeadquarters and the adjoining platform into
acomposite use with Commercial Activities and CulturalActivities.
As to generate the site to be an active andcarnival place at day
and night time.
3.2 Justification of Programme3.21 Restaurant! Caf! Food Plaza..
Tsim Sha Tsui currently is lack of a centralized
gathering space for outdoor dinner with cluster ofrestaurants,
outdoor cafe as a focal point like the Sohoarea in Central. These
eating spaces can cater for thepeople using the cultural facilities
within the site and theopposite Cultural Centre.
- The site is isolated with limited vehicular traffic
influenceis suitable for outdoor gathering.
- Targeted users such as individual travelers, tourists,nearby
office workers and professional middle class.
- With high-class type of restaurants serving differentspecialty
food within the Victorian style building,
- outdoor dinning with outdoor caf and pavilion on theterrace
and landscape, also with a Food Plaza whichwould be targeted for
the bag-packers and people whoshop around.
- Rental of restaurants would help to sustain themaintenance of
the heritage.
Fig. 3.1 Outdoor dinning
12
Carmen Lam
Carmen Lam
Carmen Lam
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Thesis Report Revitalization of former Marine Police
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3.22 RetailThe site is at the intermediate nodal point between
thelarge shopping magnet in Southern Tsim Sha Tsui.Critical mass of
retail at the site can tie up the OceanCentre, New World Centre and
the UndergroundShopping Mall, by generating a flow of density
inbetween. Cultural shops would be suitable for touristsand within
this cultural context. Shopping activitiesstarting from Salisbury
Road can help to draw people upto the slope hill site. Rental of
the shops would be themain financial support.
3.23 Cultural Provisions- A small-scale Art Centre can be a
supplement to the
Cultural Centre opposite Salisbury Road.- Cultural Provision
would reinforce the cultural image of
Tsim Sha Tsui in terms of diversity' of art activities.- Target
users are:a) Individual or small group oflocal artists, for them to
practice
and exhibit Visual or Performance Artb) General public to enjoy
and participate in Art, through
exhibition, performance and classes.- A small-scale Art Centre
that is different from Art
Museum or Cultural Centre, it is catered for small-scaleinformal
performance and exhibition and alternative tomainstream arts.
- A local Artist, Tam Wai Pai claimed that "Thedevelopment of
Arts n Hong Kong is like an invertedtriangle. The top level is
Civil Art in large-scale exhibitionspace like Museum & Cultural
Centre cater for overseaartists, the middle level are small-scale
of individualcommercial art galleries: and the bottom level is
thelocal art which require more space for development."4
- Rental of studios, exhibition space, income fromexhibition,
performance and classes would help tosustain the maintenance of the
heritage.
Article extracted from local cultural magazine "E + E' Volume
i
Fig, 3.2 Shopping activities
Fig. 3.3 Fringe Club inCentral
(-4
Fig. 3.4 Diversity ofArt Activities
LFig. 3.5 Classes in Studio
13
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Thesis Reoit Revitalization of former Marine Police
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324 Symbiosis of Composite useSymbiosis between Commercial &
CulturalActivities. Restaurant and Retail help to draw more
people to the Art Centre and in the opposite way,
the activities in the Art Centre brings visitors to
stay. Adjoining Platlorm serves as a lively open
e/art & cttraI cti1tl.i
\ommerc aIterrace for informal performance, also for users
ofrestaurant and cafe to gather and socialize.
3.3 Schedule of accommodation
Fig. 3.6
Types ofAccornmodation No. jAreai unit (sq. m) Jctal Area (sq.
m)1) IN TI-lE EXISTING BUILDINGRecepn /Gallery I 50 50Restaurant 5
160 800Kitchen e 40 240Caf 6 50 300SmallerGallery 3 70 210Larger
Gallery I_____ 200 200Studio 4 100 400Restaurant/ Function Room on
2/F I_____ 280 280Function Room 2 70 140Office I_____ 100 100Store
2 70 140Indoor Multi-purpose Courtyard I______ 500 500
(subtotal = 3360)2) ADDITIONAL DEVELOPMENT BELOW & ABOVE
PLATFORMSmarl Shop/Cultural Shop 30 70 2100Medium Size Shop 7 100
700LargeSizeShop 4 200 800HugeSizeShop 2 400 800Food Plaza I 1500
1500Caf 6 70 420Office I 100 100Store I_____ 40 40PlantRoom I____
60 60
(subtotal = 6520)TOTAL 9880
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Thesis Report Revitalization of former Marine Police
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The proposed schedule of accommodation has been prepared with
reference to therestaurants and caf in Lan Kwai Fong, the programme
of Festival Work ShoppingCentre and Fringe Club, also with
discussion with the Administer, Catherine Lau inFringe Club.
3.34 Structure of inter-relationship
Function I
Studio Room! I I GaeryRestaurant
Vzzl I- ( Multi- )[_1L___i t- purpose(/)JIDILJI \ Courtyard
r
oC.)
I-
i1.JZz1 (/)00-op-w w ->
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Thesis Report Revitalization of former Marine Police
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4. Research/ Field works
The condition and significant of the heritage buildings within
the former Marine PoliceHeadquarters Compound has to be assessed
and evaluated, before choosing thesuitable techniques of
conservation works and maintenance work to be carried out tothe
building. By looking at the problems, causes of the problems and
suggestingconservation recommendations. In order to restore and
keep the buildings in bettercondition and slow down deterioration
of the materials, while it is important to retain thehistorical,
architectural and contextual significances of the Marine Police
Headquarters
4.1 Materials & Condition of the Marine Police
Headquarters
Exterior of Main Building- Thefaade of the building is
mainlyconstructed with red bricks andfinished with stucco, the
verandahwith double granite columns andblue steel railings are one
of thecharacters of the front faade (fig.4.1). The top floor of the
main faadeexceptionally exposed withoutfinishing (fig.4.2). The
generalcondition of the building envelope is
F -1 Fq 4
in good condition, as external renovation and repair works
havebeen undertaken recently.
aiInterior of Main Building- Finishing of the interior is mainly
plasterand paint. There were no repair and renovation work since
1997,but it is found that it is in fair condition.
Round House- The Exterior is in goodcondition (fig.4.3), and in
fair conditionfor the interior, it is constructed ofbricks and
covered with stucco.
Fire-station- The two buildings of firestation are in red
bricks, the conditionsof them are good, as it is still beingused
after renovation. (fig. 4.4)
e.;,, A
Fin 4 4
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Thesis Report Revitalization of former Marine Police
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4.2 Identification & Causes of ProblemThe following problems
can be observed in the buildings, for which has to be solved,
byrepairing, renovating or replacing. Not merely treating the
symptoms s enough, assessand understand the underlying cause of
problems is needed in order to decide the mostappropriate type of
treatment.
1) Cracks and fracture found onthe exterior of the stucco wall
atStable House (fig.4.5 & fig 4.6).This may due to
excessivemoisture with humidity andtemperate cycling, or
vibrationcaused by erection of adjacenthigh-rise building
2) Cracks and damage of stuccoon wall and ceiling, paint pealing
off
Fig 45 Fig. 4 6
can be observed on the interior of the main building. Mainly due
to lack of maintenance,also with excessive moisture with humidity
cycling (wetting and drying effect) gives riseto destructive
crystallization action of soluble salts that present, this process
causeddeterioration and crack to the material.
Fig. 4. 7 Crack foundon ce,Iinq leading lo wall
s
-Fig. 4. 8 Deteriora(,on ofpaintand stucco on ceiling
Fig.4 lo Damge ofstucco on ceiling
Fig.4.9 Peeling off of Painton wail
,
Fig.4. i I Deterioration of stucco onmolding
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Thesis Report Revitalization of former Marine Police
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3) Stain and dirt are found mainly in the ceiling and interior
walls of the main building,it s caused by moisture problem and the
rust pipes and corroded metal work attached.Other than unpleasant
to look at these symptoms, stains and deposit usually causedamages.
If they have been left untouched, t will be much harder to clean
and havefurther erosion.
Fig.4. 12 Wafer seepage on ce1ing Fig. 4.13 & 4 14 Sf am and
dirt on the walls wit h corroded metal works
4) The deterioration of timber-work, such as the damage of
door(fig 4.15), window
frame
of French door (fig. 4.16)and window shutters (fig.4.17). These
may damage isencouraged by lack of maintenance, excess dampness to
the timber and attracted bytermite.
Fig.4. 15
I
Fig. 4.16 Fig. 4.17
5) Moisture and Drainage Problem has caused the stain,
deterioration and crack to theceiling and further to the wall and
other material in the interior, this may lead to furtherdamage.
Excess dampness may due to the blockage of drainage or gutter, with
waterleakage into the interior with the damaged damp proof member
and screed on the
Fig. 4 18 damaged screed and waterproof membrane Fig. 4. 19
Blockage of drainage byaccumulated leaves
roof-top.
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Thesis Report Revitalization of former Marine Police
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6) Stains, dirt and white deposits appeared on thebrick and
mortar joints of the exterior of fire-station.These symptoms are
indicating a source of excessivedampness. Excessive moisture with
humidity cyclinggives rise to destructive crystallization action
ofsoluble salts that present in the material oratmospheric
impurities, this process causeddeterioration to the masonry.
Apart from aesthetic problem, if stains and deposithave been
left untouched, it will be much harder to
clean and have further erosion due to humidity Fig. 4.20 Stain
and white depositsshown on bnck wailcycling and soluble salts
crystallization. Asefflorescence may also indicates
potentiallydamaging subflorescence, this is an accumulating of
soluble salts beneath themasonry surface, which may exaggerate the
effects of exfoliation and spalling ofmasonry. Therefore letting
the problems persisting will eventually lead to deepdeterioration
of bricks and mortar joints, even have water penetration into brick
wallswith losing mortar.
4.3 Conservation RecommendationsAfter assessing and understand
the cause of problems, the most appropriate type oftreatment and
conservation techniques are suggested as followed:
1) Repair of cracked and damaged stuccoPatching is only needed
for most stucco repairs, which should always be done if stuccowas
the original treatment for a historic building, which is suitable
for this case. Cautionhas to be made as to avoid any damage done to
the brick walls when removing existingstucco.
F!g.4.21 F' 4 Fig.4.23
Repair work should keep as much original stucco as possible, so
minimum of area shouldbe patched. Area s of loose stucco can be
evident or can be detected by tapping the wallwith the wooden
mallet with the loose stucco sounding hollow (fig. 4.21). Loose
orbowed-out areas are removed down to the scratch coat or the brick
wall; (fig. 4.22) replacesections of wall between logical break
points. Cracks should be cleaned out, and all edgesof sound mortar
around the patches and along cracks should be undercut to allow
thepatch to grip. The new stucco has to apply in layers (fig.
4.23).
li.)
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Thesis Report Revitalization of former Marine Police
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2) Improve drainage system, prevent water accumulated on
RoofSolutions for moisture problems may include reducing the
presence of moisture with betterdrainage, repair or replacement of
damp-proof courses (physical and other barriers thatprevent
moisture leaking down from the roof or from rising up a wall). It
should be followedwith treatments to remove salt encrustations on
or within the masonry, which build up as aresult of the moisture
problem.
3) Cleaning of brickwork and mortar of the fire-station
-Understanding the nature of materialCleaning method using
should base on type of dirt and the nature of the masonry e.g.its
hardness, porosity and surface finish, this can help avoid
selection of inappropriatecleaning method which causes unnecessary
damage.
.iI4 I.
M .w.
I.Fig. 4.24 Testing can avoid injunoto the bricks
The red bricks in former Fire Station should cleanedin a gentle
way with extra care. Also the white mortarused between the bricks
is lime based, so theyshould not be cleaned with acidic deaner
becausethey would stain and dissolve the surface.Sandbiasting
cleaning method s not applicable inthis case, as it would remove
the hard surface of thebrick.
Cleaning is aiming to remove as much harmfulsubstances that can
attack the surface of thematerials, but leaving the natural
characteristics thatcome with the age ofthe building. The
appearance ofthe whole brick wall should have similar
cleaningresult giving similar colour and level of cleanliness.
-Establish Risk with test - Minimize and avoidInjuriousSelect
the gentlest possible cleaning method first,only moves up to
harsher method if the simpler onesdo not reach an acceptable level
of cleanliness.Different brick areas with different types of dirt
shouldbe tested separately, with sufficient size of area to
give a true indication of effectiveness.
-Water cleaningThe simplest operation of water cleaning can
soften the dirt and rinse the deposits fromthe brick surface. lt is
the safest method for the masonry and the environment and has
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Thesis Report Revitalization of former Manne Police
Headquarters
the least cost. In this case, it should be best to clean with
handscrubbrng method, usinga soft natural-bristle, nylon or fiber
brush. A small amount of liquid nonionic detergentcan be added to
the water to remove the white deposits. During water
cleaning,precaution should be taken to ensure that the wall is
watertight. masonry and mortarsare sound, prevent water seeping
through deficient seals around windows into theinterior, use
techniques that require the least amount of water and always
usenonferrous tools.
If handscrubbing is not giving ari acceptable cleaning effect,
other water cleaningmethods like spraying can be considered with
different duration of operation. Sprayingdepends on a hose using
regular water pressure. Pressure washing by mechanizedpressure may
damage the old masonry wall, so should not be used in here.
-Chemical cIeaninChemical cleaning can also be tested with
different concentration if water cleaningcannot give satisfaction.
The chemical would hasten the cleaning process, the dirt,deposits
and excess chemicals are then rinsed away with water. Beware
thatchemicals may affect the colour of bricks and react with
components of mortar, butadvance testing should help avoid these
problems. Also should carefully evaluate thepotential environmental
effects and health dangers of chemical cleaners.
-Mortar ioints that need ReDointingAfter cleaning, if finding
certain deteriorated mortars have been eroded for more than1/3
inches or loss adhesion with the brick, they should be repointed to
avoid waterpenetration. Repointing is the process of removing
deteriorated mortar from the jointsbefore replacing it with new
mortar. Improperly repointing not only detracts fromthe appearance
of the buildings and may cause physical damage to the masonryunits.
So it is important to assess the condition of each mortar joint, as
to avoidunnecessary repointing. Good craftsmanship by contractor
and good supervision isneeded for repointing, samples and test
should also be made.
-Matching mortapropertiesThe recessed white mortar used in the
former Fire Station is lime based in concaveprofile. The new mortar
must match the original5t1rlaboratory. The new mortar must have
more ' r I i)-porous and softer in ternis of compressivestrength
than the brick and the original mortar, so itis chosen and applied
to fail before the bricks fail.
F,g 4 :25 RemisM bonding used n former
Fire-station
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Thesis Report Revitalization of former Mai*e Police
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In conclusion, n order not to damage the building elements arid
materials that areimportant in defining its character and maintain
the integrity of the building, it is usefulto understand the design
and history Before undertaking any conservation work, it
isessential to understand how significant the building is
architecturally and culturally.Regular Maintenance In long term is
important -_Having a refurbishment soon,good maintenance and
management in a long run are the best ways to care for theMarine
Police Headquarters. Maintenance cari slow deterioration and
postpone repairor replacements. Routine maintenance should include
inspecting and dealing withminor problems on a regular basis.
Examples like checking out the drainage orclogging drainage,
checking out bricks surface, joints, timber and metal work etc.
Withthe Cultural and architectural value that this heritage has
carried, it has left abandonedfor period oftime and it would be
wasteful for it to be left untouched and deteriorated.
4.4 Comparison between Conservation MethodsConservation modes in
terms of architectural expression are divided into four maintypes,
which have different advantages and disadvantages and should be
appliedaccording to specific condition, they are compared as
follows:
RestoratIon Conservation PartiallyConserved!Partially
Demolished
Rebuift
-I
______________To preserve the
______________Preserve the Heritage is partially The historic
building
heritage as its whole building preserved with is dismantled in
a: original history except replacing new additions due controlled
manner.
in terms of the outdated to the reason of and rebuilt the
sameusage, style and function by dilapidation and building in
otheratmosphere Contemporary maxim ising su itable location.
uses. Structural developmentissue and E&M
potential.provisions shallbe considered.- _______________
The true history Introduction of The 'essence' of Building can
beof building is new functions heritage can be preserved
especially
.retained. revitalizing the preserved without at area with high
land
c heritage as well scarifying the cost or relocated to aas
allowing development place with convenientgeneral public to
potential of the access.appreciate the site.
- _______________ heritage.
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Thesis Report Revitalization of former Marine Police
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Availability of The existing The integrity of the Heritage shall
be wellU) craftsman and bulk of heritage historic building is
coordinated to
.
original building may hinder the destroyed. dismantle,
store,.
material is development of protect and rebuilt,( difficult.
proposed new which is costly and
function. time consuming1 Restoration of Flagstaff Old
Mental
Tai Fu Tai Museum in Hospital in Sai Murray House in.- Mansion
Hong Kong Park Ying Pui. Stanley.
(Fig426) (Fig 4 27) Fig 428)'!j
(Feg.429)
).,.--
-. I
t .i- I'i
4.5 Government Plan of Marine Police Headquarters &
Departmentsinvolved for transformation work.The Government will see
plans for restoration and preservation of the former MarinePolice
Headquarters and will invite private sector to submit proposal for
possible use ofthe site, emphasis for a tourist spot. The Chief
Executive stated that "Nature. cultureand heritage will continue to
remain an important aspect of tourism in Hong Kong. "
Works Government Department involvedPermit for works to carried
out in declaredmonuments
Antiquities & Monuments Office
-Alternation and addition works and newbuilding works e.g.
structural alternation,access for disable to site etc.
Buildings Department
-Construction works to retaining walls andthe hill slope of the
site-Site formation works affecting slopes
Civil Engineering Department!Geo-technical Engineering
Office
Land condition District Land Office, Lands DepartmentReplanting
or cuffing any existing trees Environmental Protection
DepartmentEVA and F5. installation Fire Services DepartmentEVA and
access road. Highways DepartmentSubmit Master Plan for
thisComprehensive Development Area
Planning Department
Water Supplies Water Services Department
Government Release Press dated 24 August 200123
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Thesis Report- Case Studies Revitalization of former Marine
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5.0 CASE STUDIES
5.1 Objectives of Case StudiesIn this session, various relevant
examples of transformation projects in overseas andHong Kong would
be mainly looked at. In order to study different architecture
expressionin adding new part into the old part, especially the
integration between them. On theother hand, followed by looking at
the spatial character of Lan Kwai Fong, therelationship between
outside and restaurants, it would be useful in the design ofoutdoor
gathering and dinning in the design too.
5.2 The Sackler Galleries, London 1985 - 1991By Foster
Associates
An icebreaker for the use of North South SectionA .sttg
advanced technology architecturein a Heritage environment
By making use of a 5 metres wide gapbetween two main buildings
(Burlington andDiploma Galleries) of Royal Academy, anew vertical
circulation is constructed to tieup the previously isolated
Galleries, thisalteration becomes the Sackler Galleries.
Strategy:Apart from Client's brief as to renovate theRoyal
Academy's old Diploma Galleries,Foster thought it would be more
benefit toimproving access to them, both for visitorsand for the
movement of works of art. He sawthe slot left between Burlington
House andthe Diploma Galleries would be possible fora new vertical
circulation system
Fia. 5. 1 Previous Section
II 4014e
Fia. 5. 2 Section alvino additional oars
The construction task of Sackler Galleries had divided into
threes parts. Firstly, therewas the conservation task of recreating
the north faade of Burlington House. Secondly,to build a
freestanding lobby and sculpture promenade supported by
light-weight steelstructure together with a lift and staircase.
Finally, the interior work of stripping theformer Diploma Galleries
back to their brickwork, raising their floor levels to insert
new
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Thesis Re pod- Case Studies Revitalization of former Marine
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services and replacing the old roof with a newstructure with
barrel-vaulted ceilings and skylights withcontrollable ouvres to
monitor light levels at all times.
The top floor of the new structure s the sculpturepromenade, an
area partly glazed to let daylight washthe restored historic
facades beneath it, and alsoreinforce the tie between the two older
buildings oneither side. The roof and north wall of the
sculpturepromenade were enclosed with translucent glass,supported
on pin-jointed brackets that respond to anydifferential movement
between the two buildings.
Appral sal:The Sackler Galleries show how new
extensionsintegrating and contrasting with the old building. A
clearseparation between the new and old allowed therestoration and
the construction of new works to becarried out with the minimum of
interference. Theoriginal faade has been restored and
respectedthough allowing the new work to stand out from theOrig na
i.
For satisfying the modern function of gallery, newadditions
alters the circulation pattern of existingbuilding besides new
services are incorporated to caterfor contemporary use.
The use of modern materials also helps in fitting thenew use of
space. The daylight that pours in throughthe glass cladding of the
rooftop, the translucent glasscomes to rest upon an ancient
parapet. lt pays moregenuine respect to the ancient brick and
stonebuildings to which it is attached.
Fig. 5.3
Fig. 5.4 The minimallsm of themodem parts -the glass roof.glass
cladding, steel staircase,and the hydraulic lift -is whatthrows the
greater historic pailsinto such dramatic prominence.
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Thesis Report- Case Studies Revitalization of former Marine
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Foster said " It is deJiberate the interpretation of howyou
relate the o)d to the new and get something richerand more dynamic
out of both". The Client PiersRogers argued that Conservation meant
continuity,and that the qualities of an old building could be
betterserved by sensitive additions in a contemporary style,than by
feeble pastiche, but there were all too fewexamples of success to
point to in support of thisargument. To be involved in creating one
was aprivilege."
- .
I
-Fig. 5,5 The assured calm of(henew sculpture promenade and
lobby
Fig 5.6 New installed light-weight
Fig.5. 7 A period door was discounted in favour ofone in glass
lo help identify it as a newintervention
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Thesis Report- Case Studies Revitalization of former Marine
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5.3 Spa Bad Elster, GermanyBy Behnisch & Partners
Bringing a hundred years old spa complex up to date - relating
newand old, interior and exterior, private and public spaces in
acomplicated weave.
The Spa Bad Elster which built in 1848 fell intodisrepair since
the World War Il, the district ofSaxony decided to renovate the
landmark buildingsand give new life to the dilapidated inner
courtyard,which had been used to store mud, coal andequipment by
the Communists. The existinghistorical buildings in sandstone are
locally valuedand the main faade is a key monument reflectingthe
pride of Bad Elster's grandest years.
Strategy:The architects understood people's great affection
forthe old buildings, but argued successfully that thenew
facilities should mark a deliberate break with theexisting
architecture. The solution was to insert withinthe old courtyard a
set of buildings that used glassand colour to establish their own
characters. In thisproject, it set the transparent new structures
insidethe existing courtyard, using the elevations ofhistoric
buildings as a rich backdrop. The additionsare placed in a loose
and open manner within theold space, inviting social interaction.
Visitors can seeone another from the buildings, but they get a
feelingof enclosure from the wings of the spa wrappingaround the
courtyard.
Fig. 5.10 In both wall and roof glass is doublelayered with a
large buffer space to serve toiinsulation. The inner ceiling layer
is made ofadjustable glass louvres. the upper side coatedto be
partially reflective. the underside printedwith spots of different
colours
Fig. 5.8
Fig. 5.9 New bathing hail, which is in effectboth outside and
in. Elaborate doubleglass walls allow space to be visually partof
existing courtyard.
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Thesis Report- Case Studies Revitalization of former Marine
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Three new buildings were added in a modernvocabulary to contrast
sharply with the old.Freestanding square pavilions with glass
walland flat roots are designed. To provideweather tight
connections to the older buildings,glass-sided corridors were
added, and glazedgalleries were tacked onto existing facades.
The two larger additions are the squarebathhouse and the
rectangular treatment pavilion.A smaller reception pavilion set
near the centreof the plan. Along with its glazed links, thissquare
of glass with a slab roof both sets theboundary between the two
main courts andmarks the crossing point of the two main routes.
Appraisals:Instead of imitating the old architecture, the
newelements are mostly glass and steel and areclearly modern which
contrast sharply with theload-bearing old structure. The architects
also
1-L.. a
Fig 5.11 Plan with new additions shaded inred
attached glazed passageways and galleries onto Fig 5 12 While
rooms n (he 1O century oldthe spa's historic walls which allows
connections buildings were restored, new spaces wereto be made and
privacy preserved without given a modem treatmentbreaking visual
continuity.
The strong use of colour, not only in the bathing hall but also
throughout the new worksand even in the linking parts which
contrast and give new life to the old parts. The SpaBad Elster has
helped revitalize its region after the fall of Communism n East
Germanyfor more than 10 years. The result is a playful solution
with a colourful bathhouse as theyouthful new heart of the
expansive complex.
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Thesis Report- Case Studies Revitalization of former Marine
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5.4 Art Gallery, Silgo, IrelandBy McCullough MuIvn
Sensitively rehabilitates a Victorianinstitution to house
galleries andperformance spaces from therefurbishment and extension
of aModel School.
The Model School fell out of use severaldecades ago. In recent
years, arts groups Fig. 5. 13 The Victorian ,nstitution on a gssy
hifi
began to use the building to host exhibitions ofpainting and
sculpture, theatre and film. Thenthe premises have been refurbished
and Lextended with a pavilion. The school stands on ' I -a grassy
hill facing south across the town. It is atwo-storey structure with
an asymmetricalfaade.
Strategy:It was decided to restore the sandstone onlyaround the
retained entrance and along thepotentially dangerous cornices. The
newaddition is the Niland Gallery, this cedar-cladpavilion which
has international-levelenvironmental requirements met by
computer-controlled ventilation and lightingsystem. This
cedar-clad box is placed in theformer yard uphill from the existing
building, italso roofs the space in between as adouble-height
atrium. Three north-facinglongitudinal skylights sit above the
NilandGallery as a zinc-clad hat. The institution isevolved with
cuts in existing cross-walls andthe introduction of skylights in
the returns.
-----,-Fig. 5. 14 Plans with nw additions
Fig. 5. 15 Section showing the new Niland Gallery on
(heright
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Thesis Report- Case Studies Revitalization of former Marine
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The architects have fully used the site's slopeso that from the
entry foyer, directly behind theoriginal doorway, the visitor's
view is attractedboth leftwards and up some broad steps intothis
higher central space. The atrium is pavedin pale limestone and
spanned by fourwest-facing skylights above. The former
schoolgymnasium is adapted to a theatre! cinema,which can be
reached from the atrium.
Appraisals:
The
architect has set oneband of stone into thecedar skin of
extension, itis aligned with sill andcornice details of
theVictorian wall. That portionin turn, has its uppervolume
heightened withfascia of render and cedar,
Fig. 5 16 The extension gives a solid &modern feeling
Ii 11Iji
so whether inside or outFig 517
can
be read as anensemble.
The project has attempted to use various new materials tomatch
with the existing sandstone, instead of usingcontrasting
lightweight structure, the new extension gives asolid but modern
appearance, also with clam colourharmonizing with the existing
building. For interior, a varietyof stimulating, interconnected
spaces have been createdwithin the old and new. The atrium is lit
by nature lighttogether with pale limestone paving, board
markedconcrete and timber walls, a simply and elegant modern
F,a, 518
atmosphere is given, and most importantly integrate wellwith the
existing Victorian sandstone wall. Fia. 5.19
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Thesis Report- Case Studies Revitalization of former Marine
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5.5 Royal Court Theatre, LondonBalancing the demands of
historical continuity and experimentalinnovation with an
imaginative synthesis of excavation andpreservation, through
expansion of basement, rationalization ofcirculation and
additions.
By Haworth Tompkins
Londons Royal court was built in 1888, the theatre hadbecome
structurally unsound and reached the point ofphysical collapse by
the mid 1990s. Successive piecemealalterations had confused the
building's circulation andreduced its efficiency, but there was
little apparentpotential for expansion on a tightly constricted
site.
Strategy:The architect set out to reflect the history and
continuity,the Royal Court. The existing basement levelshave been
expanded, circulation rationalized andnew parts added, effectively
doubling usablespace and freeing up main auditorium and foyers.To
the rear, a new nine-storey annex clad inread-painted street
panels, cedar plankingcontains new office spaces and dressing
roomsand new service entrance.
Additional front of house space has been createdby tunnelling
under the road outside to connectthrough with Sloane square.
Incremental layer ofinternal plaster have been scraped back to
revealthe original brickwork, fragments of tiling andmosaic, as
evocative evidence of the building'sformer incarnations.
Fig.5.21 Section. GIF and basement plans with new addition
Iii.u I
Fig 5. 20 The restored Royal Court forms acultural and urban
landmark
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Thesis Report- Case Studies Re vitalization of former Marine
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A curved three-storey drum encloses the outerwall of the
auditorium, marking the threshold ofthe inner sanctum of the
theatre. The originalVictorian cast iron structure has been
strippedback and exposed along staircase. (fig 5.23)
There is now wing space in the back of housespace, including a
carpentry workshop andscenery store. The fly tower has
beenunderpinned, reinforced and extendedupwards and the stage is
equipped with ahydraulic lift and new floor.
AppraisalsThe architect has balanced the demands ofhistorical
continuity and experimental innovation,despite the limited
potential of the existingbuildings and site, an extensive
renovationcarried out under the skin of the old theatre.
Theexcavation of basement and tunnelling haveexpanded the boundary
of the tightly constrictedsite and the new undercroft extends the
existingstalls bar and houses a kitchen, restaurant, barand small
bookshop. lt has also reinforcedlinkage to the context, together
with replanningthe front of house spaces, connects the buildingmore
coherently with Sloane Square oppositethe road.
Fig. 5.22 Detail of the layered metal skin onthe theatre's new
extension. Movable meshpanels screen dressing rooms
Fig. 5 23
Fig 5.24 Foyer on the first floor.dominated by the rich red drum
of theauditorium incremental layer of plasterwas carefully scaped
off to exposecrumbling weathered brickwork.
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Thesis Report- Case Studies Revitalization of former Marine
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5.6 Museum of Religious Art Renewal, Utrecht, TheNetherlandsBy
Hubert-Jan Henket Architecten
Light-weight structures touching the old building lightly
andgenerating new route within a medieval court
St. Catherine's Cathedral is part of the Museumof Religious Art,
the other element of which is agrand eighteenth-century house on
the other sideof the block. Here was the entrance to themuseum.
Strategy:
Due to the change of surrounding crculationpattern, the
architect has redesigned an accessroute that leads the public from
a thoroughfare tothe museum through the cloister and inner court.In
order to allow public to get from one side of theblock to the other
apart from the secure andtranquil spaces of the museum, a glass and
metalbridge is created at first floor of the cathedral,making the
whole space more legible. Also at thesame time, it provides a
covered way, givingdirection and protection to the route to the
inner
court.
Fig. 5. 25 New fine-honed timber & glass canopymodifies
bluntness of the 18 century house
Fig. 5.26 The glass bridge across the cloister
A new wood and steel canopy was alsofdesigned to mark the main
entrance and
provides caf area underneath. The lightweightstructure moderates
the bluntness of the brickwall of the eighteenth-century house
andtogether with the well-illuminated space, theinterior is much
altered. A new tall windowallows sunlight penetrates into the
stairwell andlift lobby that lead visitors to the upper floors of
Fig. 5 27 Plan with new additionsthe house. At the other end in the
cloister is a
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Thesis Report- Case Studies Revitalization of former Marine
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new glass-enclosed lift and stair. The glass lift in its
vertical transparent shaft providesan overview of the whole
structure of the museum.
Appraisal:
Among the newcomposition, the glassbridge across thecloister is
contrastingwith the Gothic wall ofthe cathedral. Theup-to-date
constructionhas been used totransform and enhancethe existing
building. Iffunctional requirementchange in future, thelight
structure withmaterial like finelyhoned glass, steel andwood can
allowsflexibility to change. Forthey touch the oldbuildings
lightly, itcreates less influenceto heritage in
futurealteration.
Fig 5.28 New caf with entrancebeyond and terrace to right
Fig. 5.30 Transparent lift relatesall cloister spaces and
newroutes.
Fig. 531 Entrance & caf contrasts Fig. 5.32 In glass bridge;
untouched southwith Cathedral on the left. wall of cathedral on the
right.
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Thesis Report- Case Studies Revitalization of former Marine
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5.7 Flagstaff House Museum of Tea Ware & The KS. LoGallery,
Hong KongBy Dennis Lau & Ng Chun Man ArchitectsLtd. (The K.S.
Lo Gallery)
New extension closely matches theclassical western style of the
historicalbuilding
The Flagstaff House was constructed in 1844,this two storeyed
edifice is the oldest domesticbuilding in Greek Revival style
extant in HongKong. Over the years, it had undergone
severalextensive renovations. In the 1860s, cast-ironposts were
erected to support the verandahs.Major alternations took place
before the Second
World War like the verandahs; shifted the main
door; a new central staircase and the additionalconcrete floors.
The building was the office andresidence of the Commander of
British Forces inHong Kong until 1978.
Fig. 5.35 Interior with Fireplace and display (right)
GIF Plan
1 PW,II.,._,,
Entrance
Musei Oflce Toilets
Fig. 533 South Faade of Flagstaff Tea House
-J- i ,r ,
-
Fig. 534 West Facade
Fia. 5.36 Pfans (belowl
1/F Plan
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Thesis Report- Case Studies Revitalization of former MarIne
Police Headquarters
Strategy:In 1981, Flagstaff House was put under themanagement of
the Urban Council with a view toconvert the building into a museum
devoted to thesubject of Chinese tea culture. The conversion
wascarried out with three objectives. Firstly, the building /was to
be structurally reinforced so that it would besafe to open to the
public. Secondly, the interiorwas to be modified so that it could
accommodated /the facilities necessary for a modern museum.
-_.Thirdly, in view of it intrinsic architectural interest,the
building was to be restored as far as possible toits original
mid-nineteenth-appearance.
In 1995, a two-storeyed building of KS. Lo Gallerywas
constructed adjacent to the Flagstaff HouseMuseum of Tea Ware which
served as museumextension. The exterior of the KS. Lo Gallery
isdesigned in a I Western style that harmonizing theGreek Revival
style of the Flagstaff House; whileits interior setting and
installation such as doors, 'windows, furniture and display cases
are ntraditional Chinese style design, which is moreappropriate to
the nature of tea ware display. Apartfrom the upper floor gallery
for permanent display,the ground floor is furnished like a
traditionalChinese teahouse, serves as a multi-purpose hallfor
video programme.
Ert'
Fig. 5.39 Plans of the KS. LoGallery GIF Plan
Flagstaff HouseMuseum of Tea Ware
Fig 537 Flagstaff House is physicallyseparated with the KS. Lo
Gallery
Fig. 5.38 Front entrance of the K. S. Lo Gallery
.-. Entra(Ke
1FF Plan
u, -
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Thesis Report- Case Studies Revitalization of former Marine
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Appraisal:The Flagstaff house has been preserved as a
typicalexample of western architecture in a style popular inHong
Kong in the mid-nineteenth century, which at thesame time functions
well as a modern museum. TheMuseum was opened in 1984 and was
gazette ashistorical building under the Antiquities and
MonumentsOrdinance. After the opening of the Hong Kong Park inlate
May 1991, the Flagstaff House Museum of TeaWare becomes a major
venue within the park.
The architect of the KS. Lo Gallery adopted a classicalapproach
in designing the building, different from themethod of creating
great contrast between new and oldstructure, it aims to achieve a
harmony environmentwithin the context. However, due to the low
profile ofexterior outlook and museum nature, this extensionusually
over-looked by passerby. Besides the K.S. LoGallery is physically
separated from the Museum forthe public for the advantage of
avoiding extensiveaddition or alternation in heritage, this
furtherweakened the dominance of the building.
Fig. 5.40 Stairs under skylight of The K. S. LoGallery
Fig. 5.41 Only a canopy added between (heoffice of Flagstaff
House and the back door ofthe K. S. Lo Gallery
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Thesis Report- Case Studies Revitalization of former Marine
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5.8 Hong Kong Visual Arts Centreby Wong Tung & Partners
Ltd.
Modern annex with a metalframe spine and glass roofcontrast Ing
with the formerCasse!s Block
The Hong Kong Visual Arts Centreis converted from the
CasselsBlock at the former Victoria
Barracks- originally theaccommodation of the g8thRegiment in the
1840s. In 1900,the North Block was occupied bythe Royal Navy while
the CasselsBlock served as a marriedquarters. During the Second
WorldWar, the building was bombed andwas restored after the war.
Sincethen, the primary purposes ofthese barracks were for
theaccommodation and training ofreinforcements. In 1985, the
formeUrban Council agreed to convert thEVictoria Barracks into a
picturesquEHong Kong Park.
Fig. 5.42 West Faade of the former Victona Barracks,
whichstepping down along slope
pis Ile,
jtLd.
Strategy:The Cassels Block with gracefularches in a garden
setting is anelegant 19th century building and isworth preserving
for its architecturalmert. To rejuvenate the building witha
meaningful usage, the Architecthas modernised its interior,
addedspecialist equipment and built amodern annex attaching to the
oldbuilding. Bridges are connecting the
Fig. 5.43 The HK Visual Arts Centre situated in Hong Kong
Park
, j-
--.
al.?aflfl- -
Fig. 5.44 Plan with additions
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Thesis Report- Case Studies Revitalization of former Marine
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new and old part, above with a metalframe spine and glass roof
is sandwichedbetween the roofs.
The existing block stepping down along aslope, space underground
canaccommodate well- equipped studios andworkshops for practising
sculptureprintmaking and ceramics.
Appraisal:Spaces of solid and voidcreating by the bridgesbetween
the existing blockand the new extension,interesting visual
linkageand interaction betweendifferent floor levels hasbeen
enhanced. Theglass-roof and metal framespine gives a light
andmodern feeling strongly
contrasting with the solidblocks at two sides, thecentral space
becomes
Fig. 5.45 New extension and Mainentrance of the HK Visual Art
centrecontrasts sharply with the old.
'TE.
't'l_
Fig. 546 The glass-roof andmetal frame spine
more lively with natural light flow from the above skylightand
to the adjacent space.
Fig. 5,48 Bridges sandwichedbetween the exiting block and thenew
extension
11
Fig. 5,47 The former exteriorVictorian wall has become party
ofthe interior
1s'*
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Thesis Report- Case Studies Revitalization of former Marine
Police Headquarters
5.9 Spatial Characters of Lan Kwai Fong
The Lan Kwai Fong Area is generally recognised as the L-shaped
Lan Kwai Fong, WingWah Lane and D Aguilar Street. (fig. 5.49)
Several physical characters generate uniqueatmosphere that makes
the area successful and popular.
D Aguilar Street-- ;--I ' -tY4.W ____ q
______isaflI -..r't, flay LIS k**J
!
k.
,fi. - 11.H L
L -{___si u,____!: - _i --
Lan Kwai Fori Wing Wah Lane **t. . ,--
H- HIM I
WooOnLane'4
___Wefllngton Strs.t i'i
i ) Street with narrow width together with the low ormid-rise
flanking buildings create an intimate spatialfeeling of street.
People can easily access theopposite path and meet with others,
this encouragesan intimate and cosy environment for
socializing.
2) Changing slope of street allow different perspectiveof
streets as people move around, instead of lookingothers' backs, the
high degree of transparency coveysa sense of life along the
street.
Fig. 5.49 Plan of Lan Kwai Fong
3) Street furniture like the reddish brown road paving, Fig.
5.504 'sense of life alongWestern style Street lamps, signage
board, flags and me slope of streetbanners differentiate the area
from surrounding.
40
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Thesis Report- Case Studies Revitalization of former Marine
Police Headquarters
4) Open design of bars and restaurantsallows merging interior
space withthe street, ths encourages people toextend their
activities outside, thewhole street indeed serve as anexterior
living room' where people
gather
5) Pedestranization of Lan Kwai Fongcreates an open area for
peop'e to gather,chat and socialize.
6) Sufficient critical mass of bars!restaurant and the
convenience ofaccess at Central create an attractionto both locals
and foreigners
Bibliography
Fig. 5.51 Mixing between interior of bar andexterior.
Fig 5,52 FIat Platform with open space for gathering
andchatting
- Conservation of Brick, by Warren, J., 1999 Oxford:
Butterworth-Heinemann- Conservation of Historic Buildings
Architectural Press, by Bernard M. Feuden- FosterAssociates
Buildings and Projects 1983-1989, Edited by Ian Lambot, 1998-
Historic Building Facades, The Manual for Maintenance and
Rehabilitation, by New
York Landmarks Conservancy, Preservation Press & John Wiley
& Son, Inc.,1997
- Hong Kong Flagstaff House Museum of Tea Ware by Hong Kong
Urban Councul& Hong Kong Museum of Art
- Hong Kong Marine Police Station (1841-1950), by Ward lain,
1996- Good City Form, by Kevin Lynch, 1918-1984The Repair of
Historic Buildings:
Advice on principles and methods, by Brereton C., London:
English Heritage,1995- Research paper on The Traditional Buildings
of the Pearl River Delta, China, in the
Ching Dynasty", by Holmes, T. J., 1994
4!
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Thesis Report- Case Studies Revitalization of fotmer Marine
Police Headguarters
- Masonry: How to care for old and Historic Brick and Stone, by
London, M., ThePreservation Press. I 988
- Measured Drawings, Vol. 2 , by Wong, W. S & Llu, S. C 999-
Planning Hong Kong for The 21 Century, edited by Anthony Gar-On
Yeh, 1996- Practical Building Conservation Vol. .2 Brick,
terracotta and earth & Vol. 3 Mortars,
by Ashust J. & Ashust, N., PubI. Gower Technical Press Ltd.,
1998- Public Space, Conservation and Pedestrianisation in Macau,
byAlison Cook &
John Hyslop, 2000- The Conservation of Cities, by Unesco, I 975-
The Conservation of European Cities, by Donald Appleyard, I 979-
TheFormerMarinePoliceHeadquarters-a HentageTounsmConcept,
byCity
Planning Consultants Ltd. & Urbis Ltd., 1999- The Production
of Space in Hong Kong, edited by Kowk Yan Chi Jackie, 1998
Government Publications- Action Programme ofTourism Commission,
March 2001- Cultural Facilities- A Study on their Requirement and
the Formulation of New
Planning Standards and Guidelines, Planning Department, 1999-
HKSAR Press Release- Hong Kong Arts Development Council 5 Year
Strategic Plan, 1996- Urban Renewal Strategy by Planning and Lands
Bureau, July2001- Websites of Antiquities and Monuments Office,
Government Property Agency,- PlanningDept.and Hong Kong
Touristoard.
Journals- Architectural Record, August 1999- Architectural
Review. June 2000- Architectural Review, April 2001- ArchitSOtural
Record, August 2001- Architectural Review, September 2001- Built
Environment Vol. 26 No.2, Urban Tourism, by Rob Macdonald,- HKIA
Journal Issue No. 22, 24 and No. 25- Localculturalmagazine E+
EVolume1, autumn 2001
-
Appendices
AppendixA.
Measure DrawingsLformer Marine PoliceHeadquarters
-
n IJ
!'!
ILLIJLIJ......
ilM
IIII
fll_
Sect
ion
AA
Sccc
ion
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Sect
ion
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Sectm
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II-I :
IHlIllIulIll IIIItIIItIII.I
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jaiII
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-Iv'
:
r'IIIIIIIIIIII IllIlIllIul.
.,,rIlIlulIuIDU uiiuIuuI.I.upInlIIIuIi ':
,
II'uI,
I
I, ' '.
I T',I
-
ITI): r.!
s :''.LJ\ -.-wts
I .-a.'' A\ o'-
. '
' o;Depth w
t 4, F\ f-..'\4 ./
\\\\
L,
o-
Legend-w -Conditions at tine t (Before the rainfall)-
-Conditions at tine t Immediately after the start of rainfall)--
-Conditions at time t After a long period of rainfall)
- Rise in water table or increasing saturation and pore
waterpressure due to rainfall
Fig. I I Typical Changes n Water Table, Degree of Saturatkin (s)
and Poe'e Water
Pressttre (u) due to Rainfall
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Thesis-Technical Report Revitalization of former Marine Police
Headquarters
6.0 Excavation Methods - Construction of Retailing Wall
Excavation works are often necessary in the construction of
retaining walls.Cantilevered retaining walls such as diaphragm
wall, sheet piling and boredpile wall are conventional bulk
excavation methods. Cantilevered retainingwalls provide stability
by virtue of the bending strength and stiffness of thecantilever.
It is used for retention of excavated ground as it can be usedwhere
space is restricted. Also t is particularly suitable when it can
derivesupport from, and finally be incorporated nto and adjacent
structure.Diaphragm walls and walls formed by closely-spaced
reinforced concretepiles are usually incorporated into permanent
structure.
Contitevered Retaining Walk
Bored Pie or Caisson Wail(may or may not be socketed n rock
(o) L-shoped CantileverRetoining Wall
(cl Reversed L- shaped CantileverRetaining Wall with Key
(b) Inverted T -shaped ConttteverRetaining Wall
Cd) Inverted 1-shaped CantileverRetaining Wall with Key
Fig. 12 Different types ofreinforced concrete Cantilevered
Retaining Walls
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Thesis-Technical Report Revitalization of former Marine Police
Headquarters
6. 1 Advantages of Diaphragm Wall Construction- Diaphragm wall
construction causes minimum noise and vibration
disturbance, this is important not to disturb the historical
building.- Diaphragm wall is generally efficient in cost and
construction time where it
can be used for both permanent and temporary subsoil retention
for wallsof medium, and greater, depth
- The diaphragm walls allow effective transfer of vertical load
from thebuilding superstructure to subsoil below basement level
6. 2 Disadvantages of diaphragm wall construction- Care must be
taken to avoid loosening the finished surface, which may
lead to severe surface erosion and siltation. Trimming should be
carriedout with light earthmoving equipment or by hand as
appropriate.
- Impermeable wall may cause a rise in the local groundwater
level, so thegroundwater level has to be monitored with
caution.
Fig. 13 Development
L. j of diaphragm wallj/ excavation rigs1950s-1960s
- 4..-
r -;:"I
(i) Icos tripod rig,(ii) action of Elsebucket scraper(iii)
excavation withbucket scraper;(iv) hydraulic grab,Kelly mounted;(y)
rock chisel
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Thesi-TechnicaI Report Revita/szaUon offormer Marine PoI;e
Headquarters
'; Other than using bored pilet- 'i\ operated by mini pile
rig,I-- J \ caissons waN might also beI
r;-1 more appropriate, while?
\\ having the heritage close toI
f 7 \ the excavation site. As it is-ili-t \ construction of
hand-dug
: I \ \ - caissons with no heavy plant. p91- - v" required, and
hence it gives
I \\, \\ less impact to the heritage,_:-i \ arid can be
constructed in
I \ -i areas where access isI
difficult. Several caissonsk maybedugsimultaneouslyto-r- -.
1-;TA4r - ------;4 reduce construction time.
-t--- iI , However, it is a conventronal-:-;:TL practice in Hong
Kong and
- . -: extra care to ensure safety- -.;, f, ----= during caisson
construction is
]:i L -,- iL;i' needed, since there has beenPg 4 13 JOffiMW7IO
accident happened before.gwyiR8n Sheet piling or steel planking
Fsg.14 Example of mini pile Mg suitable for wall is not suitable
in thiscontiguous bored pile installation close to case, as it
involvesexisting structure percussive work and might
give more vibrationdisturbance to the site.
7.0 Supervision & Control
Sufficient construction control by the designer, geo-technical
engineers orengineering geologist during the excavation is
important, in order to ensurethe safety and quality of work on
site. Experienced site staff, good projectmanagement and the
implementation of quality assurance procedures are
allessential.
7.1 The most important aspects of supervision- Checking the
validity of design assumptions, including identification of
significant differences between the actual ground conditions and
thoseassumed in the design analyses
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Thesis-Technical Report Revitalization of former Manne Pailce
Headquarters
- Checking to ensure that the construction is done in accordance
with thedesign
- Undertaking inspections and compliance testing of the
ground,compaction control tension of the backfill and other
construction materials,to check that the requirement of the
specifications are met
- Assessing the safety and adequacy of the methods used, and of
theconstruction sequence, including temporary works, and the
effects on thenearby structure and service.
- Identifying the need and impiemeriting appropriate for
remedial measures,alterations to design, construction sequence and
method etc.
- valuating the performance ofconstruction including diaphragm
wall
7.2 MinimIze effect of VibrationsPile driving or the movement of
heavy plant may cause ground vibrations andpossibly air vibrations.
Have to avoid a detrimental effect on adjacentheritage buildings
and slope stabilization measures that caused by groundvibrations.
lt is important to monitor vibrations during pile driving and
otherconstructional operations. a good quafity vibrograph (velocity
seismograph) isrequired to measure and record in three mutually
directions. Any damage canbe assessed and avoided with
dilapidations survey carried out on nearbybuildings, and at regular
intervals during construction. Ground vibrations andair blast
during blasting can be effectively controlled by careful design of
blasthole layout and limiting the weight of charge per delay.
7.3 Control of Groundwater tableAdequate groundwater control
Lockb1 cver.measures should be implemented . Cte cover boxwhere
appropriate. Piezometers
.
.
. Drn
should be installed and used during ,__' Stadpand after
construction as to measure
pore pressure, monitor the effect of .Ct - bentonfle grout
drainage and achieve the desiredwater table level. There have
been
erutonte ea1examples where inadequategroundwater control has
caused Sandfailure oftemporary slopes, leading to Piezter
tipexpensive remedial works. Therefore,monitoring of groundwater
level indifferent stages of excavation
Fig. 15 Piezometer
process is important.
11
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Thesis-Technical Reort Revitalization of former Marine Poilce
Headquarters
When any potential adverse impact is found, excavation process
would notcontinued until any the disturbance has been
minimized.
\ SEA5ONL'NRESPON S E
sToR;'N.- Lfttle or Hone 2 -lti1tp1e Peaks 3 - Single Peak
E$PON5E NI
;
A Multiple
:
C - Single f..-Asymetra1 J\. i,,- ...-
Peak -'.., -- -.
- T
P P:
D - Slight _9_'- - _n _ _ _ _ -. - -/ - _9j:
T
PI p p
i 4 4E-None I ,-.-,. --.---_--
,r ' -., -
;:1_l T
LegendSeasonal repOflSe P Piezometric level * Storni eventStorm
response T Time
Fig. 16TypicalPiezometrResponse
7.4 Placement and Compaction of BackfillThe backfill materials
placed behind the diaphragm wall. such as drainagematerials and
granular filter, shouid be compacted. Consideration should begiven
to the functions that the backfill materials are required to
perform. whenspecifying the degree of compaction for backfill. With
higher degree ofcompaction, the stiffness properties and shear
strength of the fill are higher,and with lower permeability.
12
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Thesis-Technical Reort Revitalization offormer Marine Police
Headquarters
7.5 Use of Prestressed ciround AnchorsPrestressed ground anchors
can help in supporting the retaining walltemporary or form part of
the permanent structure, or they may bedesigned to perform a dual
function. However, the use of permanentground anchors imposes a
long-term commitment on the maintenanceauthority or owner, which
might involve appreciable recurrent cost. So itshould be used
permanently only when other methods of providing therequired
support are not practicable.
n r1all&
The obIen
bf dIWrIwa
LTi. oIiIIoi
________=zjU,vh wX
MeiTte ltd VrIn&flf or70(oe$ I p3b9 tfl
PINi
,
'Ex f ne
4.1 wa
may t7
[1Ei1 Q
3n&mueicc bvW\
Jo& wall tr
o IIl c,ee&o.'e ceseuc.d - sh- w LOW1
t1ir 1/
Fig.l7Arrangementofground anchors atre-entrant angles to
retaining wails in plan
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Thesis-Technical Report Revitalization of former Marine Police
Headquarters
8.0 Excavating
For most excavation work, planning is important. Never let the
equipmentstand idle while making a decision on where to start the
next cut. Adequatestabihty should be ensured for each construction
stage and movements,including temporary lateral support. Works also
should not lead tounacceptable movements in nearby services land
and structures of theheritage.
!fk
- - -
WFig. 18. Excavation Process with temporary lateral support
-
Top-down method using machine s recommended for the excavation
process,but precautionary measures also have to taken into account,
for examples inthe condition of this heritage site surrounded by
busy traffic flow and the needof temporary covered walkway for
pedestrian. If situation does not allowheavy machine to be operated
in the site, hand operated jack-hammer areused to minimise the
impact to surrounding, but with longer time and largercost is
needed.
14
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Thesis-Technical Report Revitalization of former Marine Police
Headquarters
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Fig. 19 Consideration of busyPedestrian flow along SalisburyRoad
in excavation work isneeded.
Fig. 20 The existing maturetrees on site provide a greenzone to
the area and should tryto keep and protect most ofthem.
8.1 Temporary lateral supportWhere lateral support to an
excavation is to be removed, this should be doneprogressively as
placement and compaction of fill material proceeds. lt shouldensure
that the stability of the adjacent ground is maintained, and to
avoiddisturbance to compacted backfill, filter and drainage
materials. Where lateralsupport is to be left within the permanent
structure, the effect of local transferof stresses onto the
retaining wall should be carefully evaluated.
8.2 DrainageThe effect of rainfall in reducing the stability of
slopes in Hong Kong hasoccurred. The provision of adequate drainage
on excavation is thereforeimportant. Before excavation commences,
concrete-lined drainage channelsshould be planned and constructed
around the crest of the proposedexcavation to collect runoff from
above the excavation. Ponding on thesurface of the excavation
should be prevented in during construction.
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Thesis-Technica/ Report Revitalization of former Marine Police
Headquarters
8.3 ExIsting trees on siteFor keeping a pleasant green zone to
the area of Southern Tsim Sha Tsui,most of the existing mature
trees on the site are kept, arid they would alsoenhances slope
stability apart from adds considerably to the landscapeamenity. The
tree should be carefully protected or even transplanted beforeand
during excavation process.
Fig. 21 Temporaiy tree brace for
protection
\ a'k
'I' .:'i
'
Fig. 22 Batling a free before
The very fine root hairs arevital to the life of a tree andthey
are easily destroyed bydrying. Transplanting is bestdone on cloudy
days withlittle wind or in rain. A trenchis dug around the
tree,about 4 to 6 inches out ofeach inch of trunk diameter.Roots
are cut off flush withthe inner wall of the trench.Care must be
taken toprotect the bark againstinjury from attaching lines.The
ball is then rocked backonto the platform andwrapped with the
burlap.They may be dragged to anearby destination, orwinched up on
a rock ortrailer for longer move.
Fig. 23 Transplanting tree withshovel dozer transplantation
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Thesis-Technical Report Revitalization of former Marine Police
Headquarters
9.0 Treatment of Cut Slopes
For the area with Fig.24 showing different stability method in a
typicalSlope Profile without situation
Weak material triimduse of retaining Reirforcthg oars / back and
replaced withor mesh lapped reinforced concretewalls, the cut
slopes bars-,
should be designed epholes atto the factor of kitervals
feriteri,ittent seepagisafety. In the case ofsoil overlying
rock,the slope can besteeper through therock than throughthe soil.
Afterexcavation, most
Filter layer formed ofsandbags or graded filterLongitudinal
drainfor steady seepage
L Structural facingkeyed or dowelledat base
DETAIL OF DENTlTlOI
Weephol ei.
rock slopes need Dowelssome form oftreatment to ensurecontinued
stability,methods like
Rockdentition, sprayed anchorsconcrete, rock bolts,dowels,
scaling and
cc linedbuttresses (see drainhole -fig.24) can be used.
Formation level
10.0 Treatment after Excavation
Immediately after excavation looseblocks should be removed
fromexposed rock faces. Potentiallyunstable blocks should be
removedfrom exposed rock faces. Potentiallyunstable blocks should
be removedwith care to prevent further looseningof the face in the
process of scaling.The existing retaining wall by thepedestrian
path can be taken downafter excavation work
V '
- Sprayed
IoIr05 ofi low shear
.;_Si- ,jjtrenRth
.,/ '-Fault zone
.
----
j
\
Fig. 25 Apart from manual, a scalingmachine can also be used for
removingunstable blocks.
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Thesis-TechniCaIBPort Revitlizptjon of former Marine Police
Headquarters
10.0 Long Term Maintenance and inspection
Regular inspections and maintenance are essential for the
continued stabilityof slopes. Piezometer readings shourd be
included in the inspection to givecontinued monitor on the
groundwater conditions. The amount ofmaintenance required and the
physical labour involved can be reduced bycareful design and
dethiling, also with the designer ensuring thatrecomniendations for
maintenance are foi lowed.
Bibliography
- Deep Excavation -A practical manual, by Malcolm Puller. Thomas
Telford,I 996
- Excavation and Grading Handbook, by Nick Capachi, Craftsman
BookCompany, 1987
- Excavation Planning Reference Guide, by McGraw Hill Inc.
U.S.A, 1976- Geotechriical Manual for Slopes, by Geotechnical
Engineering Office,
Civil Engineering Department, H.K., 1994.. Guide to Retaining
Wall Design, by Geotechnical Engineering Office, Civil
Engineering Department. H.K., 1994- Modem Techniques of
Excavation, by H.L. Nichols, North Castle, 1956
18
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Revitalization of former Marine Police Headquart rs
Part Ill Special Study ReportStudy of Shopping Spaces
in Hong Kong
Supervisor: Prof. Patrick S.S. Lauby Wan Ngar Yee Queenie (MArch
lI)
-
Ths/s Reoft-SDec!a! Stujy Revitalization of formerMarine Police
Headquarters
C O N T E N T s
I .0 Introduction: Objective & Nature of investigation -
2.0 The development of shopping places in Hong Kong 2
2.1 TradItional Retail Node 2
2.1 1 Street as a Market 3212 Pre-war Shop-houses 32.1 3
Market-place 32.14 Spata1 Characteristics and Urban settings 3
2.2 Fading out of Traditional Retad Business 4
2.21 CentralIzed retail setting- Shopping Malls 52.22 An
Interior City -Mega Malls! Entertainment Complex i223
Commercial-PodIum with Residential-towers 82.24 Tourists as new
nature of Client 82.2$ Spatial Characterizes of Shopping Centres
82.26 Benefits of Shopping Complexes 92.27 Deficiencies of Inward
Shopping Complexes setting 10
3.0 Case Studies 113.1 Festival Watk Shopping Centre, Hong Kong
113.2 Covent Garden Market, London 143.3 Porches, Bologna 16
4.0 Justification ofiinanciat Sustainability 18
5.O Conclusions:5.1 Conclusion from Study 185.12 Influence to
the design 20
Bibliography
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Thesis Report-Special Study Revitalization of former Marine
Police Headquarters
1.0 Objectives & Nature of Investigation
"The Shopping Place has been instrumental in creating novel and
ingenioushardware for the definition, protection and enclosure of
public space."1
One of the integral components of revitalizing the historical
site of the formerMarine Police Headquarters is the programme of
retail. The activity ofshopping acts an important mediator to drive
movement up to the elevatedproposed site, and turning the site into
an intermediate nodal point to tie upwith other large shopping
magnets within the urban context of Southern TsimSha Tsui.
Conservation implies a form of continuity with past and demandssome
acknowledgement that even the newest development to some extent.lt
would be helpful to investigate different types of retail culture
developmentin Hong Kong, how the trench within the urban fabric
changed with the needof the society through time. This report aimed
to investigate the advantages,spatial manifestations and
characteristics of different shopping settings andculture in Hong
Kong, in order for the application the thesis design, also
bylooking at case studies in local and overseas in terms of their
spatialtreatment. Followed by justifying the financial
sustainability and feasibility ofdeveloping the project, as one of
the aims of the thesis is to sustain the
Fig. 1, 1 Aerial Photo of the site of former Marine Police
Headquarters
Shopping Malls: Planning and Design. by Maitland, Barry,
London-construction Press, 1985
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Thesis- Special Study Report Revitalization of former Marine
Police Headquarters
2.0 DevelopmentPlace in Hong Kong
of Shopping
2.1 Traditional Retail Node
2. 11 Street as a MarketMobile hawker-stalls n open-air street
marketswere the earliest form of concentrated shoppingfacilities.
Vibrant activities found in the traditionalretail nodes in Hong
Kong were arouse out theintricate mix of physical and social
setting in theearly of 20th Century. Temple Street, LadiesStreet,
Li Yuen Street, Pottering Street, CatStreet and Ladder Street were
among theexamples with aligned and continuous rows ofshops selling
the similar kind of goods.
For the spatial arrangement of street market,Alexander claimed
that Shopping spacedepends on access: they need locations nearmajor
traffic arteries. However, they shoppersthemselves don't benefit
from traffic: they needcomfort and convenience, and access from
thepedestrian paths in the surrounding area",2 Heencouraged local
shopping centers to grow in theform of short pedestrian street, at
right angles tomajor roads and opening off these roads. Thesuccess
of similar setting of the street markets inHong Kong supports his
theory. (fig. 2.4)
major road
JL JtL.I)_: shopping strect
irFig. 2.4 The way Alexander suggested shopping street at
rightangles to major roads.
---
Fig. 2. 1 Hawker-stalls in open-air market
- D#
I.
,-II'v
-.>--,
Fig. 2. 2 Potter Street, central
Fig. 2.3 Li Yuen East Street, central
2 A pattern language, by Christopher Alexander, Oxford
UniversityPress, 1977
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Thesis- Special Study Report Revitalization of former Marine
Police Headquarters
2. 12 Pre-war Shop-housesThe verandah-type shop-house is
4-storey building with arcades along the streetand verandah above;
it was the prevalent urban built form before the Second WorldWar.
The ground floor is used as a shop or workplace, as it had a
vertical clearanceof 5m, mezzanine floors were mainly for storage.
This type of uShophouse isfeatured by the proximity of workspaces
and living. However, building ordinancesprohibited arcades after
war, and other new building types took over it. There aresome
shop-houses remained at present in the older urban areas such as
Wanchaiand Sheung Wan.
Fig. 25 The verandah-type pre-war housesin Wanchai
L'I.-
Fg 2.6 The dry food stores in Sheung Wan
2. 13 Market-placeGovernment-built multi-storey markets
gradually replaced many retailing functionof street markets. There
are some wholesale markets