8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
1/57
estudios y cultura
REVISTA ‘ESTUDIOS y CULTURA’ | Consejo de Redacción: José Babiano, Ramón Baeza, Bruno Estrada, Ana Fernández
Asperilla, Pepe Gálvez, Amaia Otaegui, Félix Ovejero, Carmen Rivas, Fernando Rocha y Juan Vargas.Fundación 1º de Mayo. Centro Sindical de Estudios de CCOO. C/ Longares,6. 28022 Madrid. Tel.: 913640601. Fax: 913640838| www.1mayo.ccoo.es | [email protected]. ISSN: 1989-4724
FUNDACIÓN 1 DE MAYO 75 • FEBRERO•MARZO 2016
REVISTA
SUMARIO
8 Marzo:Día Internacional de las Mujeres
Amaia Otaegui | Presentación
Carmen Rivas entrevista a Ana Fernández de Cosa | ‘La violencia de género está cada vez más presente en nuestras vidas’
Judith Carreras García | Cuando el género determina el salario: brecha salarial.
Pilar Carrasquer Oto | Malos tiempos para las mujeres en las políticas de empleo en España.
Ernest Cañad a | Camareras de piso, un colectivo precarizado.
Carmen F. Morillo | El Derecho a la igualdad en los medios de comunicación, una asignatura pendiente. Virginia Quimey Pflücke | El servicio del hogar familiar, reto para el movimiento sindical del siglo XXI?
Natividad Mendoza Navas | El diagnóstico de situación en los planes de igualdad de empresas con distintivo de igualdad
María Jesús Vilches Arribas | CCOO y las políticas de igualdad de género.
Ana Fernández Asperilla y Susana Alba Monteserín | Mujeres migrantes, otra vez buscando el norte.
Ofelia de Felipe Vila | Trabajo Decente para las mujeres palestinas.
Carmen Rivas entrevista a Marta Sanz | ‘Yo, como poeta, soy muy irreverente, muy irrespetuosa’.
Joaquín Pérez Rey | Justicia transicional y derechos sociales. Breve apunte desde el caso español.
Mireia Morán | Una esclava en venta.
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
2/57
Amaia O%aeg&iC++%*a+a !( C!*/+ 8 ! Ma4+ ! (a F*ac%* 19 ! Ma3+
8 de Marzo:Día Internacional de la Mujeres
D @ W @ J EI M CI@I Q @ @V @ 8 N, T @ @ I>e, I U IR @ N @ , @
I , I@L@ JN Q , -Q @ @ . E@ @@@ I Q @-, @ @ @ M I @, @ @ - M @ I IJ @ -I@ , I @> I @ IV -I Q > @ I> (9,8@@
8,2 @@ I>).E@ @ T
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
3/57
@ > @ @ I>: @ @ E @ I @
> I> > -@ V @ @ @ I 25% 2015 M I M I > J-@I (Q @ 60%).
@ @ I@- R I @ W I> I - @ @ $T I@ @ J U I @I -V @@. E@ @ - J @ I>, @ U @
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
4/57
Entrevista realizada por Carmen Rivas
A FQN C -V @ W@ @I@ @ I
NI M @V @.I @ J @ @ V M @@R. E @ V >@ @V I @ B@ I I >@ @ '' I I . E@@ @V M @ M Q -I L I > I J- @ J I@I@ @ E> EU ($I). I @V R @ @ T @ J, @ @@J
I @ @T QI I @ J.
NÚM: 75 • FEBRERO•MARZO 2016 • 4
ENTREVISTA
ANA FERN1NDEZ DE COSA
CONCEJAL DE IZQUIERDA UNIDA EN EL AYUNTAMIENTO DE JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA.
‘La violencia de género está cada vez máspresente en nuestras vidas’
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
5/57
AQ @ M @ 'CA # '@ @ $ D-
Q I, @V - I. E @ , A FQN C -@V 'Q @ I M @ - @ I J @ @N@, @ I J@ I V @ I@JV M @ R @ II 40 U V EU.
A I,B IB = @ =@ //, B IB= QH=, B T IHIJ=R I M @ J@, B= I
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
6/57
a#) )#+ *+'!'a) &a "'" #/'/"# a)%, &a #+'" a)%+a ')'"a"?
.: I
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
7/57
)a B')'a 5 a*'8+ / # ))#; +a !a-*'#a *5 /'%'+a), #+ )a # "#a( "#
+ a/' # "9a )##/ >+ aa/7+.=P/ 8 #)'%'; #a !a*'#a, 8 #+'"#+9a a/a #"?.: E @ R JR I U I @N @ V F$M @ I @ V @ IN G@@-V @ #M @ A. AQ, !N @@ I I @ 'E, G- NI I IJ @ '' @ I. $ I @ - , > @ I @ @ IJ @ @@V @ N @ @ 'E @-@. #@, @ M I @ I IM @ @ IV I I- @ .
P.: E+ #) a+ "# )a ')#+!'a "# %#+#/,=#) A5+a*'#+ "# J#/#6 &a # #+
*a/!&a a)%+a '+'!'a'a !+!/#a a/aa)'a/ # '+#+a/ *#(/a/ #a "/a*7'!a/#a)'"a" # !a"a a !#a )a '"a a *7*(#/#?.: H I I I V @ @ M @ M I @ I@. -@I Q, Q I - Q V @ IV M @ > I , @ U @I R @ .
P.: S a!''"a" /$#'+a) 5 )a/a) #7 '+!)a"a a )a !)/a #+ #+'" a*)'.C)a/a #+ #) T#a/ Ea), # /#+-
a)# "# +a "'/''"/a *'!a) 5 /#-/##+a+# "# + %/ "# *
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
8/57
> W Q I@. M @ @ I bB $c, I
I W A@IT I J I
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
9/57
A /aa( "# '%a) a)/, '%a) a)a/'D JN I JT M @ dN I I> I II & &3 '&
+33& 3 &'&/ & ;&e, M @CJ @ V (@ M I-V) (W. 111) 1958 I @-N @ I @@, @ -N I@ IV @ > I@, R > I@ J@. D I I @ @ I @ > @N I>, @ J I I @ @ @ IIV @ -
IV @ L. A @@ @ U
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
10/57
U @ I>, TI@ J@ I @ > @V M -
( @) I @N -@ I@ J@, I@@d I@ Q @ - @V J, > Q-, @ R M @ -, @ .
A @ I@ @@ I @ @ V N R I @.
B/#!&a a)a/'a): )a *a#/+'"a" + #+a-)'6a# M @
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
11/57
M @ @ -R @ R .
@ Q V @J: @ I @@ -I @ > @ I M @ @ I M Q - @. @ Q @V @J @ V I@ - IV, @ I J@ @ I
@ @ @ M @ T @ @ @. @ J I@ - Q @N @ I@ @ I @ I@ IT M @V@ > M @ @; @ @ - M ; @ I M I T I J>@ @ V- .
E@ @ V @ . +> J@ @ @ I LI IV.
# I @N. EL I M I Q I @W. E I-@, I @ I IU
J, @ I> M, , L I M V -@@. IM , I @NV @@ @ 25 @ @ @ - @ I> , I 15 A@, I 10 'I@ I5 EU. E T F,@ M D @ @ M L I V @@ -J, @ I I @ I>
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
12/57
$Q @@Q @@ Q J, I @ @ @ I J, , R, I- J Q. I IV I @ J @@ -I I NV @ M, I, - I @ >I@V. A@ Q >, @ I> Q JI@@ I N.
U+a /#!&a *7 /$+"a "# ) # # ## MT @ > T
@ I@ @@ @N @
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
13/57
L. D
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
14/57
La 8/"'"a "# !#+/a)'"a" "# )a *(#/##+ )a )9'!a "# #*)#D M @ , I @@. E @, I@ T, >@ @ I@ @ @ @. E@ @@ @T @ - @ @T >I, -J I @ I@-. $ W @ I @ I@ M @ R.
# J @ U@, W@ . AT @>, >@, @ '@ @, @>J I@ I J @, @ I@I I J@ I. # @V @ J@ R >I R- @, R @ I I INQ
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
15/57
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
16/57
I I@ I @Q I@@. ' L
I @ I @@@ . ' I @, @ I M @@ - Q I I @ I@, @ U @ @ @. ', @ M @ J@ I @I M I > M- I I>. E@@ L, I,I M J@, @ @@
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
17/57
T V @. E@ J@ @@ I I Q @J @ -
@@ @ @T @ M @ -J @ . E , >I J@ @@ @J I, R, J@ @ I M T M @ I, , Q I @ @ I N@ @T @.
' W@, @ @ @T @IM V@ @ U M @ V I-@ R @ V M @ @ @ . E @ U@, @
I@ IJ I, @ @J J -@. . ' @ , I@, VJ, @, I> >VJ, . I, W@, I Q@@Q I IJ R
@, I @ @ (@MT @ @ W@-
U) M I IN @ I@ R. T , @,I @ IV @ -
M @ @@ J V @ . @ I @ I@.
E J, @ I@ R I
>J @ @. E @ @@ @T @ M I@ @ -@, @@ @ @ U M @ V [email protected]@ I Q I @ @ @ @N @ V I M . + @@ . E L, T@ , @ @ I@ R- @ @T @. 3
NÚM: 75 • FEBRERO•MARZO 2016 • 17
E
B @ U@, @ HH=
I@ HIJ=B
IBH, B H @
@H=J =B J=BH
@=B.
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
18/57
L I-@ @ @N -I @ > N I U Q I . E@ @ U JJ @ @, @W MI @
@ @
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
19/57
I M @
I I
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
20/57
@ I I @. # Q @ J V I @ V @
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
21/57
V @ . +R I
R @ @ I @ @ I
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
22/57
L ; ' @ @JJ @T I @ -I , , I I-
@ I I
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
23/57
# IV I , @ , @ @ I W
@N M N @I@ . # C- $I@ B> V 1995 @ - I @ - @@ I Q I@@N@:
1. AI @ M V @I> @ LV I M @I V @ .
2. F I I@ M - @ I> @ I-V M @ I@.
U IR, @ J@I-V I @N @ CVEI M @I J M I J @ I-V @ @ @I AIJI@ A@IT (CAA)@N I@ I - J@I @ J M @ - @ M @ I@, -
N @ V J >J.I >IT @ @
, W@ M J, I @>@ J @ M I @ I@ R I, >I- , @ Q, I M I @ I>. E -, @ #M G@ CIV AIJ-I@ @ I @ IV IJI@ @ V @ V -I J I I@- @ I>, I >J I Q W@> @N. E A@IT, @ I>I @ 31% @ @ @ @J W@. # JN I, I@ @N M >IN @ I RJ. ]CIQ @JJ M -V @ L@IJ V@ ?' , @ M @- @ NV R @ IV @ J I [email protected]
E EU, @ I@ @ 'M G@@ $ I@ -
J@ I, 2015, @ I> @ @ 28%@ @ I> M I @
NÚM: 75 • FEBRERO•MARZO 2016 • 23
IH B=BH >IT=
=BH@ @ =, W@=
M =J, I B @> @
=J= =@ M BH=I=
@ =I@ RB BHB
IBH, =B >I== B=HH=, @ =QB, =I M
B==BH I BB @ I>.
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
24/57
M @ J M @JV M @
33% @ @ M +K. E > @ I @ @ I I 26% M 25% J-.
E F, @ @ I> J I V.E $I, @ I@ (HACA) @NV 2015 I J @ I@I @I@ @ IJI@ JI @ I> @ 7% @ -
J @ J M @12% @ @JJ.' , @ V I@ M
@ V IN -, I I @ I I @ I@, @ @ M I @ @ J L.
E@ CAA U U I @ I>J M I @- IV (48% - ), (44,6%) M (39,8%) I @ .
E@ C> AIJI@ A@IT
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
25/57
I M I@ @ I@V M II@V, L @ IM - J J@V @ @ I>.
' @I, I @L:1. # IV @>
@ J @ M I @ I@ R I I -
V J, >I -, @ Q, I M I @ I>, @ I Q I-.
2.- E@ C> AIJI@ A@IT & && 3 -
I @ I IV -@IN IV W- @ M J M I J , @ V I I@ .4
3.- # IV M @ @ I@ I I @ IV R @ V@ @ I>. # -@ @ I-
@ @
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
26/57
E) /aa( "*8'! 5 )a CC.OO.# -R M I @ I , @ R@ > , T @ -@ M @ @T. E I
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
27/57
>VJ a @ @ N @
Ra I I-. ' @ -T @ @ @ , IJ M I, I - MT, > L @ J @ @ @ @ V . E W@ @I @ - @ V @ @@ d @@ [email protected]
O/%a+'6a!';+ 5 /#%)a!';+ #+ )a /a+'-!';+DIR @ I F, @ @J ( - M JQ@) I @ M @ II , V @ @M I I - J @ V@ @ @ M @ .5 E R -NV, @ I> N -, R @, I-R M R J
A@, @, F M 'I@, -I I V @I -
NÚM: 75 • FEBRERO•MARZO 2016 • 27
*=B @ @I H> @
==@= H=I@, RH
BIBH =@BH
H= @M: @ B=VB
+> M @ *I= *=@ (+**) B @
IB J=@, B= @ @ I
B B RH =B I @ I= @@.
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
28/57
> M J -.6 A@
, N - M T, @@IV @ @ >R @ b#M EI @ +>_.
@ U 1977, >@,I I @ CC @NV I bEI @V @ R @ @ I @ @ I@R @ @ @- @ .11
NÚM: 75 • FEBRERO•MARZO 2016 • 28
DIR @ IH FB,
@ H @ J==BH
=B=H ( =
BH M JQH=@)
=IH =BH @ =B=H M HH
= @ HIHI BH,
BHV B @ @M BI=H B I
H=B= JB=BH @ =BHV@= @ =@= M @ =.
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
29/57
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
30/57
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
31/57
d@e @@J I IV @ @-, Q @@Q I @@, V @@ @ @I: E @ I -
I @ W T >I, I@ @ D 1620/2011, Q @,I I >IV b I c.
4 D @ @ @@V I - Q @ @ >IV J@V @, A Q (EI, @. 45); $- GT, $ A@ (2008): @IV >IT @ I> @ I. :F/: J @ C EI @ $I> @ J A@, . 12, .
229a252; $IUN IN, $ @ C: # - J I> I @ I: DIV @ . E: G@- @ CV@ (.): $I> M @: T C@ @ $I> CC (05/1978 - 09/1997): ' M I- @ T C@ @ $I> CC. A (1978): CV @ C- - @ $-V- AJ DJ, A@ @ J bE$'#EADA, - J, c, 19/04/2012. @: @, @ @ T @ @ JN , M IV b c I II @ ; @ I I@ J 189 @ +.13 EJ I @ I @ T 4 -
@ 2015 @ @ CG+, $J-.
14 AII I @ J, I/ JV @ > @ V @ , >@ @ T, @ @V @ @I I/ @ IM @.
I@, @ NV
A@ FIV B@. : .
15 , '@@ (2015): HI
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
32/57
E@ TI@ 46 @ #M Q 3/2007, 22 N, @ I@ J I> M I , IR @N I V IV, @N @ @ I@ M I I> M J I@ I @ M @ I J I .E@ V I
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
33/57
EI I@ (EA), GI I M I EI@.
E@ @ I@ A@ EU . '>
I> @ @@@ @, M > I @ I- I>.
a IV , T -@ M @ @@.
a @V M V. DIV J@ M .
a D@@ @ L M J@ -IJ.
a FV @ L.a '@T @V J @/-
@ M @@.a CIV .a 'JV @ LI@ M @
NV L.a : @, V R
M V [email protected] EA @ W@ 6 U.a $J > I @ W@ U.) ! +>:a DIV @ @@@ -
@.a W @ W@
U.) @ F@.) I:a $ @@ I NV.a DIV @ @ J
U.) @I M @V '@.
) D FV. V V.E @ @ I@ EI@, I Q
L @ I@ @ V, @ IT @ IV @ I> @ :
h G:a !I G@ @ E.a C> AV.a ' @ .h DV M $:a G.a '@ DJ.a !. J.a $.
h V @:a CR E.a @.a CV $L @ CJ.a CV '.a CV FV.a CV @.a CV [email protected] CV @I #@.NV :a '@@@ >.
a '@@@ [email protected] '@@@ .a C@V @.a J.a C +>.C #@:a A @ [email protected] IV.a V @ >:
Z H.Z C J.Z I >.
a 'V.a FV.a EL M .a V C@J: CJ [email protected] @ >.a E @@@.a C@ @@: ' I -
.C @ M F@:a E @ @@@.a H> @ @@@.
a C@V.'JV M @I #@.
NÚM: 75 • FEBRERO•MARZO 2016 • 33
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
34/57
E@ V @ @ I@ GI- I M I @ @N
@ I I @ I@- I @ T @@ I@ M I @@ @ TI@46 #. E , I M - JV @ NV L M LI@10.
E @ I @ I@ @ -V, I I @ @ I@ @ I @
@ I@, @ @I I - @ V IV @ I I J- @ I@ I> M J M @ I -U @ , I I @ @ J @ @ I@ I@ I @ V V@ J@ @ > @I II@. E @@ A F@M J, CE, E & I
A@ EU.E@ @ I@ A F@M J-11 @ I b V - I I - @ I@ J, , @V, @I >@ I T ,I @ I
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
35/57
+A:1 ATI@ 54 CC A@@ #I EU (BE 10 2015).
2 A 2 ' GI I M I.3 E@ V @ @N C " @-
CJ @V M -. # , C ", Q -@N V I@ R, I I @ @,
M , , @ @NV@ V IV I J @ @V @ I@. $Q @@ @ J C " -@, @ IV @ @
13 T
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
36/57
QI N V, I -@LV, I II b>Vc - J.# Q@ @ @T I@-
I> M I L, W V
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
37/57
@ Q @@ M @ @ IV, M I I @ J@ >- 30 U R ?
]CV I @ @ I
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
38/57
V @. E @ @ I M > (-JI@NV @ @ @@ - I ), M @ E @ IT (-I J, R, , .).
# >J M @ J @ - @,I @ IJ @@ $ I @ J @N @ @N @ @ Q @> @ b!+!')'a!';+ (1999), I @ - I I IJ @-
@ I @ ,@ @ . , @ M N @ -
@ >J @ I.
Z @ @NV @ I @ , I@ @ -@ @ I @ .
Z 'I@ J @ Q @-
NV @ @@ @ L#5 "# D##+"#+-
!'a (2006), I @ V IJ @N @ M, (b@ @ @Nc). 'I @ I-I @ @ I @V I - @ M @ I @ @ @@ I @, @-
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
39/57
@ , M R @ I I, @ @N I I> @ JV , @
J
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
40/57
SW @ NV @ @ +-
>, 66,6 @@ I> > @ I I>; @ MT @@T AR @ M EI M -
> @ J (71,10%), @ I- M @ IV (17,8%) M @ I@I (@11,1%). E @ J R, I > @ I, W @ +, I @1. E@ J R- I I @ > @ , I@I @ V M @@ 34.735T @ U@; 2014 @ , I@ @ @ U@ M 26.726 I@ @ @ 2008, @ > @ -U@ IJ@. ' @ ,
1962 M 1974, W @ @ I E-U@ EV, 172.542 I> M 865.728 M 86.592
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
41/57
T T @ , @ -
@ @ U @@@, @ @ I- > b@ Jc, @@J @ > @ I@.
E@ @ @ @@
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
42/57
I @ . D IV @ I @ @-
@ I> L@IJ- @ @ @ IV M JT @ @ M VI IT I, I T I@ V @@ M I IT > @ V > R @ . E V IV @
EU, @ @ R -I @ U I M @ @ @ , I I@ @ @T R @ I, I IT @ M @ V II I T @ V -V @ I>.
U@ I - @ I@, I @ @ I @ I> -
, I N @@ I T @ I @ U , M @ I I- U, I M M I - @ QVL @ @ @ IV I
I C@ (A@) 2015. D @ I M
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
43/57
I @ -I@. E I @I I @
IN J @ EI, &. "3 3+6 & ' &'&/& > & &'&/&& A& -&3. R3, ', 2015 .
2 A FEfDE A'E##A, M3, -;3& > &3. M &3 -
&& 3 BA&, $, FIV 1\ $M,2006; A $E##, b# J RS B@I J J -c, =&3 , 2001, 15-16, , 149-165; #I, E&& 3 P&, E&& & >3 3 & &3 33&3&, B-@, E B@@, 2004.
3 # @ @IM @ I> -@ U@ M I> L> - EU.
4 E 2013 3; &-3&& & 3 E&&, $, C@VEI @ FIV 1\ $M, \ 65, 2013.
9 @ > J I . A. #PAEGAA+, E &3 & / 3 & -3 && &&, , 2009. E -@ @ C, TIN G@, $M M DI-Q
10 A FQN A@@, b @ c, R;& E & F3&31 M&>, \ 14, 2010, . 19-24.
11 @ I I I @ EI +> CQ I.
NÚM: 75 • FEBRERO•MARZO 2016 • 43
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
44/57
E@ +> I @ Q- @ @ R I.
E@ @@ @ I I-
> N I V @- I, @ N -I, @ V @@, @ @ @ @- @ @ @T@, @@ M V I @ .
I @ IV, @ J I IM @
V @. A@ , @ JV @ I @ - @ N @ Q I, I I J@ IM -I @ >.
+R I @- @ I I@ @ V M @ @ I> @ I @- @. '@ I @J @, IM L@IJ @ I> I I @ Q @ @ -
> IJ. E I @ W@ J IT M IV @, L. E@ @ @ '@- Q I V -@ @ I @ @ @N @I>.
E I @ @@V @@, @@ I @V. E @ J,
> > @I @ > J@ @V @ @M.E @ 80% @ > J J I @ -. E I @ M @I> @ V @ J W@ @ I> -@. T I JV @ -
@ @TV, @ M @@ I @ .
NÚM: 75 • FEBRERO•MARZO 2016 • 44
Ofelia de Feli!e Vila Tc*%ca ! c++!ac%* a( !a+((+. I*/%//+ Pa4 3 S+(%a%a. F*ac%* 19 ! Ma3+
Trabajo Decente para las mujeres palestinas
E@ @@ @ I BH I> H=N IB =B=VB @BHIBH, B @ N
HIB=, @ ===B=VB @@,@ @H B==BH @ =
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
45/57
E I L Q@ @ @, @V I> @ I
@ W@, @ M -@, I V, J- @N I IV. A @@ U, I @ I , M I>, @ I - J@ NV @J ,@ I I@ @ I @ @ Q > V @@ J@I@, V@ I 19,4%, I -I@ @ 71,5%. H I @ @ J@
IJ @ I> @, I-V I R -@ I >, @ >J 10 Q @ ( J @8,8% I> >VJ, @ 49% @ J). E@ @ I> @ 64,7%, @@ @N GN @ 86,3%.
T/aa(a"/a ')a/# "# "#/#!&G @ > @ - I I@ > IJ@ @ 70% @@ T. # @
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
46/57
R#+a')'"a"# "# a/'"a"# 5 )'-%a!'+# "# #*)#a"/#
E @ I> Q I @I @ I @ I@ @. IT @ AI @ '@, @ $ +> @ M I D -V @@, T @ $ +- > @T.
F @ J@ I-
I I IV. # @ I W@ I - @ , -@> @ @ @NV I -@ I T @J @>. A @@ I R @ N I> >.
# N @ M @ @ I@ $, @@ @ -
V J @ >. E @V, @N @ M T @ &3 # R C33
(DC). DC I G @@IT M R @ >J @ - M J@ >I @. DC M 'N M @ I -V @ J @. E> D @ I> @.
# JV Q U -
@@ @ @ F> GN, -@ @
NÚM: 75 • FEBRERO•MARZO 2016 • 46
# B=N=B =B=@ M =@ BH @B= I @ $=B=H=
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
47/57
@T W@ @@< (C>), @ AI @ '@. E
I I@ > >, I @ @ M , @ > @-, @ I M @, M @ -N @. E > :E*"#/a*'#+ 5 !+!'#+!'a!';+ "# )a/aa(a"/a a)#'+a /# D#/#-!& La/a)#. '@ JR @V M @NV . -@ > > @ V IJ M @@
J@ -, @ N@. E > > @ @ > @ @, @ @ @ I M J, M @ >VJ I @.
M#(/a "# )a /#/##+a''"a" "# )a/%a+'6a!'+# '+"'!a)# a)#'+a. C- @ @ V I@- I @ M @ J@. E @@, @ @NV - T I> @
@ I I M > I -J @ N -@.
I+!'"#+!'a /# #) /## a) a)a/'*9+'* 5 a)'!a!';+ "# )a )#%')a!';+ )a-/a). D @ -@ M L>, M @ I W@, @ $ +>. R@ @ @ V +>, @ V J @ @ . M I-V @ @NV J@- , M @NV @ @ -@N. A@ @@J
I @T @ > @ @@V @@ M @, I I
M IV @ Q -@ +> D. ' @ J > >, @ J @ >
@, I I D, - @ I R. E @@ @ @ @ N@ M @ @@ @ @@V @@
@, J >, V@ @ - J @ >, @ @. 3
+A:1 b# IV @ > @ Q Ic, L @ $ @ DG@ @ NV @ @ +>(+) @ C @ + 104[ IV,2015.
2 'Q K 'N M @:
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
48/57
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
49/57
V M @ I I @ @ M @ N @ I I
@ @. +R JI Q I @ J I- , J , J - @ >J I T @ -. T @ I IT c, @ I
NÚM: 75 • FEBRERO•MARZO 2016 • 49
# IBH=VB FQBI@
H=B I J BBJ=B =H @=@= B @ IBH
BHH B@ M I
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
50/57
@I I I I > @ J@. CN -
@ @ N C@ . ' I @ @T , @ @ I
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
51/57
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
52/57
E @ I @ I @@ : I -
V IT @ @
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
53/57
@, I T @ M I R; @ -@NV @ - @ @ .
V, JI@J BA#, I b-IV @ I I, -
@ M V I I @ @ @I-
c.'R I @ R ITc,R @ E b @ @- IV L M, , @ J M @ -J @c (BABA).
@ Q @ I IJ I I T -I@ @ R I @@ I> @ W@ @ -I.
V@ @ Q J R @ @ R >I @ V @ >I@ @
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
54/57
Q @ @ V I @ I I @@-
. + @@ Q I > I @ -V @I @ I M I @ W -@ I @ I IR II -I@ @ I @@ @R.
@ @ >I @@ @ I @ IT IM I @ @ I
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
55/57
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
56/57
E I I @ $I @ ' $, @V-
I @ @@ , LIR @ U 1892. E @ J@@ !R !R-N A I
I JV IM , J@, @ I I @. E I @ M @ Q @@ @N I >J I I @ II T , I-, JN I -.
A@I I, ! #R G
@ Q , M
8/19/2019 Revista75.pdf
57/57
@ V-, M I -
> V@ @@ J @ Q I I,, , @ M I @ @ @ L- J. E@ I J @I @ IM @, !RN A I I @ - I @ II@ I @, , I I - @ V @ I @@ @ V @ @JI @ I 18 U JQ . E@
I I - M J
II@ @ @. E "3& -&;& 3 ;3&, @ I