A A S SS S O OC C I I A A Ç ÇÃ Ã O O B B R R A AS S I I L L E E I I R R A A D DA A S S I I N ND DÚ ÚS S T T R R I I A A S S D DE E B B I I O OM MA AS S S SA A E E E E N NE E R RG G I I A A R RE E N N O OV V Á ÁV V E E L L B B R R A AZ Z I I L L I I A AN N A A S SS SO O C CI I A AT T I I O ON N I I N ND DU US S T T R RY Y B B I I O OM MA A S SS S A AN ND D R R E E N NE E W WA AB B L L E E E E N NE E R RG GY Y R R E E V V I I S S T T A A B B I I O O M M A A S S S S A A , , B B I I O O E E N N E E R R G G I I A A E E E E N N E E R R G G I I A A R R E E N N O O V V Á Á V V E E L L M M A A G G A A Z Z I I N N E E B B I I O O M M A A S S S S , , B B I I O O E E N N E E R R G G Y Y A A N N D D R R E E N N E E W W A A B B L L E E E E N N E E R R G G Y Y
68
Embed
Revista Abib Energias Renov%c3%81veis - Renewable Energy - Biomassa - Biomass - Bioenergia - Bioenergy
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
AASSSSOOCCIIAAÇÇÃÃOO BBRRAASSIILLEEIIRRAA DDAASS IINNDDÚÚSSTTRRIIAASS DDEE BBIIOOMMAASSSSAA EE EENNEERRGGIIAA RREENNOOVVÁÁVVEELL
BRAZILIAN ASSOCIATION BIOMASS – FUTURE BIOMASS AND BIOENERGY BR
04
11
15
21
26
33
42
ABIB BRAZIL BIOMASS – WORLD BIOENERGY ASSOCIATION
INTERNATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY - USA BIOFUELS BIOMASS PELLETS
EUROPEAN BIOMASS ASSOCIATION – PRESIDENT GUSTAV MELIN
BRAZILIAN ASSOCIATIION BIOMASS – BIOMASSA E BIOENERGIA BRASIL
CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE BIOENERGIA E BIOMASSA
NOTÍCIAS BIOMASSA – BIOENERGIA – ENERGIA RENOVÁVEL MEDIDAS TRIBUTÁRIAS DO SETOR INDUSTRIAL BRIQUETE E PELLETS
51 TECNOLOGIA DE ENERGIAS RENOVÁVEIS
57
FUTURE BIOMASS BIOENERGY BRAZIL
TECHNICAL STUDY BRAZIL BIOMASS
FUTURE BIOMASS AND BIOENERGY BRAZIL
BRAZILIAN ASSOCIATION INDUSTRY BIOMASS The important land use challenge could potentially be addressed through certification schemes similar to those used in the forestry industry. The advantages of renewable energy are well known, as far as they enhance diversity in energy supply markets; secure long-term sustainable energy supplies; reduce local and global atmospheric emissions; create new employment opportunities offering possibilities for local manufacturing and enhance security of supply since they do not require imports that characterize the supply of fossil fuels. Biomass produced in a sustainable way, called modern biomass, excludes traditional uses of biomass as fuel wood and includes electricity generation and heat production, as well as transportation fuels, from agricultural and forest residues and solid waste. Biomass can be understood as regenerative (renewable) organic material that can be used to produce energy. Biomass is basically self-renewing energy. Biomass for heat and power holds a large potential as a source of renewable energy and greenhouse gas emission reductions, but that this potential is only being realized at a slow pace today, and that a concerted effort by companies and public institutions to remove a number of significant growth barriers is needed to accelerate the development. To ensure such a development does not come at the expense of a sustainable use of natural resources, reinforced environmental frameworks and legislative processes will be needed. The most common types of biomass energy applications reduce carbon dioxide emissions 55 to 98 percent compared to fossil fuels, even when transported long distances, as long as the biomass production does not cause any land-use change. Contrary to common belief, there is a large inherent cost improvement potential in biomass-generated power and heat as volumes and experience grow – 15 to 40 percent compared to today. Capturing these cost improvements will be challenging but would make biomass cost competitive with coal and gas. In the medium term European biomass resources may need to be complemented with biomass resources from countries with high production potential in terms of climate and available land. In view of already visible trends towards resource nationalism access to such sources can only be secured by long term policies of cooperation that establish mutual benefits. Important will be the assurance that imported biomass is produced in a sustainable way. Therefore there is a need of certification schemes which are easy to use, effective and affordable in order to guarantee an environmentally sound production chain of pellets, whatever its origin (AEBIOM, 2008). Brazil has tradition and a significant potential on biomass production. The historical importance of biomass energy in Brazil is due to a set of factors, including (i) the size of the country and the availability of land, (ii) the adequacy of its weather, (iii) the availability and the low cost of the working force and (iv) the domain of biomass-production and biomass conversion technologies in the agricultural and in the industrial sectors. The accomplishment of these conditions defines a potential biomass producer country in a bioenergy trade scenario. Biomass can play an important role also in the long-term Brazil power and heat production.
TECHNICAL STUDY BRAZIL BIOMASS
FUTURE BIOMASS AND BIOENERGY BRAZIL
BRAZILIAN ASSOCIATION INDUSTRY BIOMASS
TYPE OF WASTE - HARVEST BRAZIL 2010 - TECHNICAL IBGE
Forestry residues (with firewood and m³ x ton) 205.010.012 157.992.556 35.010,00
In Brazil, the agroindustry of corn (13767400 ha), sugarcane (7080920 ha), rice (2890930 ha), cassava (1894460 ha), wheat (1853220 ha), citrus (930591 ha), coconut (283205 ha), and grass (140000 ha) collectively occupies an area of 28840726 ha and generates residues (agricultural residues, cereals, fruit and vegetable extraction) and approximately 157,992,556 cubic meters of forestry sector of residue per year. Within this context, the crushed stalk of sugar cane (bagasse) and straw are obvious choices, although bagasse is often burned for the production of steam (heat) and power/electricity in sugar-ethanol mills and important amounts of straw are needed to keep the soil nutrients balance. Other agricultural by-products of importance in Brazil, such as corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw and rice hulls, grass and forestry materials and residues from citrus, coconut and cassava processing, also deserve attention as local feedstock for the development of new and profitable activities. As each type of feedstock demands the development of tailor-made technology, the diversity of the aforementioned raw materials could allow for new solutions for the production of chemicals, fuels and energy in accordance with the local availability of these materials. Brazil: Biobriquete Bagasse Sugar Cane, Residues Babaçu, Açaí, ,, Cocoa, Rice Husk, Miscanthus, Coco Green, Bambu, Cotton and Corn. Biobriquettes to process local agricultural crop by-products, forestry residues and energy crops into high quality energy fuel. Biobriquettes products dramatically increase their energy density creating convenient, stable, uniform, flow-able products which are much cheaper to transport and store than loose products. Biobriquettes can also supply a range of briquettes baskets which allow our pellets to be burned efficiently in traditional stoves providing a sustainable alternative to gas patio heaters for outdoors heating. We feel our products can make a real contribution to combating climate change whilst offering the security of supply, cost effectiveness and quality a Brazil produced product can deliver. Agro briquette believes Brazil can make an important contribution to the energy requirements whilst reducing carbon emissions from fossil fuels but has to be managed properly like all resources.
TECHNICAL STUDY BRAZIL BIOMASS
FUTURE BIOMASS AND BIOENERGY BRAZIL
BRAZILIAN ASSOCIATION INDUSTRY BIOMASS
Sugercane an industry developed in colonial times, Brazil leads the world in sugarcane production mainly focused in seven states: São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás Paraná and Tocantins (collectively responsible for 82% of the total production). 2010 production is expected to reach a record high according to CONAB, despite excessive rains (sugarcane production is estimated at 649.0 million tones.
TYPE OF WASTE - HARVEST BRAZIL 2010 - TECHNICAL IBGE Production Brazil 2010
Sugar Cane Straw and Leaves (Million Tons) 649.000.000 220.651.000
Brazil produced 415 million tons of sugar cane residues, 194 million tons of sugar cane bagasse and 220 million tons of sugar cane straw. The energy content of these wastes supports its use for bioethanol production, as one third of the sugarcane plant total energy is present in bagasse and one-third is present in straw (tops and leaves). It is estimated that 38% of bagasse (19400 kJ/kg) has been used for energy cogeneration in the sugar-ethanol production plants. An increase in bagasse surplus is forecasted due to the optimization of the boiler efficiency and the electricity generation system. We are implementing the highest international BioPellets plant sugarcane bagasse in Brazil. Sustainability Biopellets are recognised as being one of the richest sources of pure, sustainable, eco friendly fuels in the world. Compared to fossil fuels such as oil or gas, Biopellets are considered much friendlier to the environment because they produce less CO2, the gas which is contributing to global climate change. There are a number of reasons why using Biopellets produces less CO2: 1) Burning Biopellets is considered as a CO2 neutral process. The CO2 released into the atmosphere is the same amount as absorbed by the original sugar cane that the agro pellets are made from. Meaning the overall release of CO2 is zero. Also the CO2 released can then be reabsorbed as another sugar cane, thus continuing the cycle. 2) Manufacturing BioPellets is a relatively straightforward process which involves compressing bagasse into a Biopellets. The process uses little energy and emits very little CO2, especially when compared to something like oil refining. 3) Biopellets are available locally. This means that transportation (which produces CO2) from the plant sugar cane (bagasse) to the factory and then from the factory to you is reduced. Biopellets fuel is one of the most inexpensive, sustainable, renewable, and carbon neutral fuel sources in the world. Nature‟s Energy Biopellets are consistent in size. Uniform size gives a high burn efficiency, as a result of consistency. Content and Ash Content result in low carbon emissions. Less moisture also makes it possible to transport fuel source in a fixed space.
TECHNICAL STUDY BRAZIL BIOMASS
FUTURE BIOMASS AND BIOENERGY BRAZIL
BRAZILIAN ASSOCIATION INDUSTRY BIOMASS Forestry wastes correspond to the parts of trees not profited for cellulose production, such as tips and branches, which contribute to soil fertility upon degradation. These wastes are by nature heterogeneous in size, composition and structure. According to the Brazilian Forestry Inventory, small pieces of wood, Including tree bark, are the major waste obtained from the forestry industry, corresponding to 71% of the total waste. Sawdust is second, accounting for 22%. Furthermore, major wood loss occurs during the wood processing in the furniture sector. In some cases, up to 80% of a tree is lost between the tree being cut in the forest and the furniture manufacturing. In Brazil, short-rotation woody crops such as round wood (Eucalyptus and Pinus) yielded 39 million tons (dry matter). Their potential production is estimated at 61.4 million tons (dry matter) yr-1 on a planted area of 6.3 million ha with an average mean annual increment from 13 to 14.7 t (dry matter) ha-1 yr-1. Furthermore, 30.9 million tons (dry matter) of woody biomass from native forests, of which 8.1 million tons (dry matter) were of saw logs, 20.3 million tons (dry matter) of firewood and 2.5 million tons (dry matter) of wood for charcoal. Harvest costs for residues, which constitute about percent of total costs, could disappear entirely as new log harvesting methods will pile or bundle the residues at the same time as the logs are harvested, according to industry experts. Forwarding costs (20 percent of total) could fall by some 20 percent, mainly through improved bundling of residues and the use of specialized forwarders that can carry more. Today‟s forwarders are made for logs, not residues. Chipping costs could fall by around 50 percent by transporting unprocessed or bundled residues to the point of end use for efficient processing, rather than chipping them at the road side as is currently the case. Lower costs are likely to be countered by higher stumpage prices and hauling costs, however. The stumpage price is the money paid to land owners for extracting forest residues. Stumpage prices could double given historic price developments in Brazil and projected increases in demand. Hauling costs could increase by up to 50 percent due to the need to source from more remote areas as demand increases. There are no estimates of potential production. Current production of forest residues in Brazil is estimated to be 38.6 million tons (dry matter) yr-1, of which 59% is field residue and 41% is industrial waste. Plantations and native forests contribute 51 and 49%, respectively. Potential production is 52.8 million tons (dry matter) yr-1, of which 63 and 37% is from plantations and native forests, respectively.
Forestry residues (with firewood and m³ x ton) 205.010.012 Residue (m³) 157.992.556 Dry Matter (ton) 38.600.000
TECHNICAL STUDY BRAZIL BIOMASS
FUTURE BIOMASS AND BIOENERGY BRAZIL
BRAZILIAN ASSOCIATION INDUSTRY BIOMASS Pellets are a solid fuel produced from biomass, at present mainly from wood residues. They are produced by a simple and fairly cheap process of milling, drying and compacting which requires small amounts of energy. The key advantage of pellets compared to unprocessed biomass are high density and high energy content, standardized properties and consequently reduced cost for transport storage and handling (AEBIOM, 2008). Wood pellet markets are opening up in many countries, such as USA, Canada and Europe, and it can be expected that this will continue in new markets. The forest residues and sawdust availability studies show large potentials in Brazil. Areas with sawmills but no local demand for by-products (as a raw-material or as fuel) can offer interesting opportunities for constructing new wood pellet production capacity, though local logistics, investment climate and support policies also play vital roles in mobilizing new markets. A modern form of densified biomass offer huge opportunities for the increased use of renewable energy in Brazil. Today pellets are fully competitive with fossil fuels, particularly oil. Companies have undisputed technology leadership both for domestic pellet heating appliances, for commercial and industrial boilers and for large plants turning pellets into electricity and heat. Pellets are a solid fuel produced from biomass, at present mainly from wood residues. The key advantage of pellets compared to unprocessed biomass are high density and high energy content, standardized properties and consequently reduced cost for transport storage and handling. The huge opportunity of pellets lies in the fact that technologies for pellet production and pellet use are fully developed and ready for the market.
Brazil Industrial WoodPellets
Minas Gerais – Plant WoodPellets – Carbonovo Brazil
Pará – Plant WoodPellets – GSW Renewable Energy (2012)
Pará – Plant WoodPellets – VAR BrazilPellets (2012)
Paraná – Plant WoodPellets – Green Bioenergia Pellets (2012)
Paraná – Plant WoodPellets – Línea Wood Pellets
Paraná – Plant WoodPellets – Wood Tradeland do Brasil
Paraná – Plant BioPellets – Eco X Pellets Brasil
Paraná – Plant BioPellets – BRBiomassa Energia Verde
Piauí-Maranhão – Plant WoodPellets – Suzano Energia (2014)
Rondônia – Plant WoodPellets – Nova Itália Pellets (2012)
Santa Catarina – Plant WoodPellets – New Energy Pellets
Santa Catarina – Plant WoodPellets – Koala Energy Pellets
Santa Catarina – Plant WoodPellets – Elbra Energia Limpa
Santa Catarina – Plant WoodPellets – Battistella Madeira
São Paulo – Plant WoodPellets – Madersul – PelletBraz
São Paulo – Plant BioPellets – BioPellets Brasil (2012)
São Paulo – Plant BioPellets – Ecopell Pellets
São Paulo – Plant BioPellets – Brazilian Pellets
TECHNICAL STUDY BRAZIL BIOMASS
FUTURE BIOMASS AND BIOENERGY BRAZIL
BRAZILIAN ASSOCIATION INDUSTRY BIOMASS Global demand for Biomass (Agricultural and Forestry Residues, Energy Crops and Wood Pellets) is rapidly growing and especially in Europe, where EU 2020's target for renewable energy (20% in gross energy consumption), is a major driver for this growth. This growth drives the need for biomass to be traded as a real "commodity". Commercialising pretreatment technologies, such as torrefaction, pyrolysis, will provide solutions to standardization of specification. Bio-char, touted as a alternative for carbon sequestration, is also gaining global interest in the US, Australia and Europe, for soil enhancement and replacement for coal in power plants. Various European countries government have released grants and incentive programs to step up the usage of biomass in power generation, such as the United Kingdom.
Biomass imports to the UK are expected to soar, as the nation's supply of domestic biomass is not enough to fulfil the demand of the Renewable Energy Directive (RED). Currently 74% of the bioenergy industry is supplied with domestic feedstocks, but this is expected to shift to 81% imported biomass as the UK strives to meet the RED. Under the RED, 15% of energy is to come from renewable sources by 2020. According to a new report by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), entitled 'Bioenergy: A Burning Issue', this is due to the number of proposed biomass-fired power plants across the UK. The most significant increase will come from wood imports, which are predicted to rise to 68%, up from 13%. If all the power plants that have been proposed were to come online, around 48.3 million tonnes of biomass would be needed to fuel them, 9.3 times more than the amount of biomass consumed to date. The report also highlights that the nation's domestic biomass supply would be enough to serve just 19% of the market should all the proposed plants be operational by 2020. This means imported biomass will dominate the market, reaching an estimated 39.1 million tonnes a year. This is almost 30 times the volume of imported biomass in 2010.
The analysis above show that imports of biomass to Europe will most likely be needed: Even if the “aggressive supply mobilization” scenario was to fully materialize, annual imports of 150 and 750 TWh of primary energy would be needed to meet the EU scenarios. These imports will probably largely be in the form of pellets, due to the favorable transport economics of pellets. The volumes above correspond to between 30 and 150 million tons of pellets, or the output from 50 to 300 large-scale pellet mills.In the future, imports of torrefied pellets may prove to be an alternative to conventional wood pellets if they have lower costs. As yet, they are not produced at scale.
The analysis above show that imports of biomass to Europe will most likely be needed: Even if the “aggressive supply mobilization” scenario was to fully materialize, annual imports of 150 and 750 TWh of primary energy would be needed to meet the EU scenarios. These imports will probably largely be in the form of pellets, due to the favorable transport economics of pellets. The volumes above correspond to between 30 and 150 million tons of pellets, or the output from 50 to 300 large-scale pellet mills.In the future, imports of torrefied pellets may prove to be an alternative to conventional wood pellets if they have lower costs. As yet, they are not produced
BIOMASSA BIOENERGIA
BIOMASS BIOENERGY
APRESENTAÇÃO
BIOMASSA E BIOENERGIA
AA AAssssoocciiaaççããoo BBrraassiilleeiirraa ddaass IInnddúússttrriiaass ddee BBiioommaassssaa ee EEnneerrggiiaa RReennoovváávveell oorrggaanniizzoouu ee ccoooorrddeennoouu oo SSeemmiinnáárriioo ddee AAttuuaalliizzaaççããoo ddee
BBiioommaassssaa EEnneerrggééttiiccaa nnoo CCoonnggrreessssoo IInntteerrnnaacciioonnaall ddee BBiiooeenneerrggiiaa ee hhoojjee tteemmooss aa hhoonnrraa ddee ttrraannssccrreevveerr ooss aannaaiiss ddoo eevveennttoo nnaa RReevviissttaa
ccoomm oo ddeessttaaqquuee ppaarraa oo PPrreessiiddeennttee ddaa EEuurrooppeeaann AAssssoocciiaattiioonn BBiioommaassss,, aa mmaaiioorr eennttiiddaaddee eemmpprreessaarriiaall ccoomm mmaaiiss ddee vviinnttee ee cciinnccoo
aassssoocciiaaççõõeess nnaacciioonnaaiiss ee 44..000000 ggrraannddeess ccoommppaannhhiiaass ddaa EEuurrooppaa..
Na Revista da ABIB vamos avaliar os pontos principais do relatório do Painel Intergovernamental de Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC) que lançou um alerta global sobre os impactos da atividade humana na temperatura do planeta. O aumento da concentração de gases de efeito estufa observado nas últimas décadas exige mudanças nas práticas de produção e consumo, principalmente na matriz energética, com a diminuição no emprego de fontes poluentes, como o carvão e o petróleo e seus derivados. Destacamos ainda os dados de aproveitamento dos resíduos florestais no Brasil onde em 2010 tivemos um quantitativo total de 157.992.556 metros cúbicos de resíduos florestais produzidos no Brasil o suficiente para gerar 1.244.253 (tj) de energia térmica e emissões de C02 evitadas 189.591.060 Em estudo recente publicado na Europa, visando o aumento elevado de consumo de biomassa e pellets na Europa, quatro países despontam como o grande produtor e exportador de biomassa-pellets: Austrália, Africa do Sul, Brasil e Japão. O estudo concluiu que o país que tem o maior potencial de produção é o Brasil por ter uma indústria florestal altamente desenvolvida com base em um recurso de plantio de 6.300.000 ha. e com quantidades anuais de madeira em tora de 175 milhões de m³ e pela existência de milhões de toneladas de resíduos do setor sucroenergético, industrial, agricultura e madeira. Destacamos ainda que a previsão futura do mercado de Wood pellets foi estimada pela PelletsAtlas em projeções de quatro conceituadas entidades e companhias internacionais. Jaakko Pöyry tem a estimativa utilização de wood pellets de 16,5 milhões de toneladas em 2015. AEBIOM tem uma avaliação geométrica de uso de woodpellets em mercado residencial e industrial entre 50 e 80 milhões de toneladas em 2020. Ekman & Co calcula em 18 milhões toneladas de wood pellets na Europa em 2013. New Energy Finance tem a estimativa de uso de wood pellets em cerca de 28 milhões de toneladas em 2025 Os Estados-Membros da UE com maior potencial de adicional de biomassa-woodchips-pellets e na utilização de resíduos de madeira para a produção de calor e eletricidade são: Alemanha (43 milhões de toneladas), França (19 milhões toneladas), Reino Unido (14 milhões de toneladas), Espanha (13 milhões de toneladas), Polônia (7 milhões de toneladas), Bélgica (7.000.000 toneladas), Grécia (6.000.000 toneladas) e Itália (6.000.000 toneladas). A biomassa residual pode ser usada para fazer energia térmica e elétrica e ainda permite uma valorização econômica do produto. A Biomassa pode ser feita a partir de resíduos agrícolas, industriais e florestais. Com a demanda mundial por energia cada vez maior, a Agência Internacional de Energia estima que em 2030 o consumo será de 16,5 bilhões de tep (um tep é equivalente a energia de 7,4 barris de petróleo), o propósito é discutir o aproveitamento racional dos resíduos das indústrias, agricultura e fontes de energias alternativas, como a biomassa de madeira. É nesse contexto de inquietação que foi fundada a Associação Brasileira das Indústrias de Biomassa e Energia Renovável para um desafio nacional. Sua missão é promover a eficiência energética nacional e o desenvolvimento sustentável a partir do emprego das energias biomassa e bioenergia. O objetivo é criar novas oportunidades de negócio para os setores industriais - florestal, agrícola e sucroenergético (com o uso sustentável dos resíduos florestais, agrícolas e industriais) no Brasil.
FFuunnddoouu aa IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaall RReenneewwaabbllee EEnneerrggyy ee aa AAssssoocciiaaççããoo BBrraassiilleeiirraa ddaass IInnddúússttrriiaass ddee BBiioommaassssaa ee EEnneerrggiiaa
A ABIB Associação Brasileira das Indústrias de Biomassa e Energia Renovável é a principal entidade nacional que participa da World Bioenergy Association “was formed in 2008 in an effort to provide the wide range of actors in the bioenergy sector a global organisation to support them in their endeavours. The WBA board recently decided to create several working groups to address a number of issues including certification, sustainability, standardisation, bioenergy promotion, and the debates about bioenergy's impact on food, land-use, and water supplies. Check the Members Area for more news on the work of these groups as it becomes available. WBA is supported by national and international bioenergy associations to be the international bioenergy body that joins with the world‟s solar, wind, geothermal and hydro associations on the global level in the REN-Alliance. We encourage national and regional organisations, institutions and companies to join WBA as we look to expand our membership base. Working together, we can responsibly build the market for bioenergy”.
Mantemos um acordo de cooperação com as principais entidades dos Estados Unidos e na Europa como a European Biomass Industry Association, European Biomass Association, Austrian Biomass Association, Bulgarian Biomass Association, Croatian Biomass Association, Danish Biomass Association, The Bioenergy Association of Finland, France Biomass Energy, German BioEnergy Association, Greek Biomass Association, Italian Biomass Association , The Netherlands Bio-energy Association, Norwegian Biomass Association, Polish Biomass Association, Russian Biofuel Association, Renewable Energy Spain, Swedish Bioenergy Association, Renewable Energy Association - e American Council on Renewable Energy.
O objetivo principal da ABIB é a defesa intransigente no uso e no desenvolvimento de projetos industriais com as fontes alternativas de energia e em especial a biomassa. Buscamos contribuir para o desenvolvimento social, econômico e ambiental, por meio da utilização responsável dos recursos naturais renováveis para a geração de energia. Contribuímos a nível nacional com projetos e estudos sustentáveis preservando o equilíbrio do ecossistema e garantindo uma política econômica e social de desenvolvimento integrado. Defendemos e protegemos interesses da indústria brasileira de biomassa e energia renovável no âmbito geral e os interesses dos seus membros associados em particular. Queremos contribuir para identificar e promover os conceitos modernos e comerciais do uso ecologicamente correto das tecnologias da biomassa e da energia renovável.
Celso Oliveira
Presidente da Associação Brasileira das Indústrias de Biomassa e Energia Renovável Empresas associadas:
SETOR INDUSTRIAL TOTAL DE EMPRESA CAPACIDADE ANUAL (MT) FLORESTAL - BIOMASSA 198 7.185.500
uussee aanndd wwaatteerr ssuuppppllyy.. WBA joins with the world‟s solar, wind, geothermal and hydro associations on the global level in the International Renewable Energy Alliance. Today we have 50 members, which is a good start indeed, but a number we hope to see grow substantially in the near future. In addition to extending our reach by adding individual organizations and associations to our ranks, WBA also hopes to add more transnational members, similar to early supporter and current member AEBIOM, the European Bioenergy Association, which indirectly brings roughly 4,000 members into the WBA network. To help provide a clear frame of reference on which to base its activities the WBA has commissioned production of three reports on a number of key aspects of biomass to energy within a global perspective: Global Potential of Sustainable Biomass for Energy Certification Criteria for Sustainable Biomass for Energy Biomass for Energy versus Food and Feed, Land Use Analyses and Water Supply WBA has attracted attention in the international media, for instance in launching the World Bioenergy Award 2010 in collaboration with the organizers of World Bioenergy 2010, Elmia and Svebio. WBA was also a centre stage in March 2010 “Energitinget” a yearly gathering of the energy stakeholders organized of the Swedish Energy Agency where we collaborated on a Work-Shop on Global Sustainable Biomass for Energy. WBA has spread its message further through the publication of issues of our Bioenergy magazine as well as our two new reports “Certification Criteria for Sustainable Biomass for Energy” and “Biomass for Energy versus Food and Feed, Land Use Analysis and Water Supply”. The first report is further publicised at speeches and as a poster. We look forward to what we expect will be a successful 2011, filled with more exciting developments for WBA in terms of expanding and strengthening our network, as well as raising our profile on the international stage.
The Obama Administration believes strongly that the United States must lead the clean energy economy of the 21st century. When
more of our electricity comes from clean energy, our economy will be more stable, our country more secure, our people healthier,
and our environment more sustainable. In addition, building a robust clean energy industry will help create the high-paying, high-
technology jobs our country‟s future requires.
For this reason, the Obama Administration launched the most concerted effort to date to develop America‟s capacity for
manufacturing clean energy technologies. Over $90 billion was invested through the Recovery Act to help double the country‟s
installed capacity of renewable energy technologies and dramatically increase the country‟s clean energy manufacturing capacity.
But as U.S. companies improve their technology and expertise, it is critical that the U.S. Government provide the export promotion
our companies need to compete in growing markets overseas.
To that end, in January, President Obama announced the National Export Initiative (NEI), seeking to double exports in five years to
support several million new jobs. At the Department of Commerce, we have redoubled efforts to eliminate trade barriers and
enhanced trade promotion activities; and we have strengthened our commitment to promoting U.S. competitiveness in high-growth
sectors like clean energy.
The following Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Export Initiative demonstrates this commitment. The Initiative is the
country‟s first-ever attempt to coordinate U.S. Government programs in support of renewable energy and energy efficiency exports.
Through the implementation of 23 new commitments from 8 U.S. Government agencies, the Initiative is designed to facilitate a
demonstrable increase of renewable energy and energy efficiency exports over the next five years – helping to meet the goals of the
NEI and President Obama‟s challenge to become the leading exporter of clean energy technologies. These actions will be
implemented consistent with federal law and international agreements.
Developed through the Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee, the Initiative lays the foundation necessary to help U.S.
renewable energy and energy efficiency companies take better advantage of current market opportunities, and orients federal
government programs to better support U.S. global competitiveness in these sectors over the long run. The Initiative will support
RE&EE exporters by offering new financing products, enhancing market access, increasing trade promotion and improving the
delivery of export promotion services to current and future RE&EE companies. In a challenging economic environment, all of the
Initiative‟s 23 commitments for new programs, actions, and deliverables will be undertaken within existing budgets and existing
authorities at no additional cost to the American taxpayer. I am confident that this Initiative will provide the coordinated and
collaborative support our renewable energy and energy efficiency companies need to enhance their success in the global
marketplace.
INTERNATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY
WOOD PELLETS USA – BARACK OBAMA
NATIONAL EXPORT INITIATIVE
Trade missions and reverse trade missions can be effective tools for increasing exports, especially when multiple U.S. Government
agencies are involved and the mission is focused on markets and industries with significant export potential. Therefore, the
Department of Commerce will coordinate three to five TPCC-led RE&EE trade missions annually to key priority markets. Secretary
of Commerce Gary Locke recently led the Administration‟s first cabinet-level trade missions to China and Indonesia. Both missions
focused on the clean energy sector and demonstrated the Obama administration‟s commitment to the RE&EE sector, as well as the
significant export opportunity that RE&EE technologies represent. Initial sales during the mission were reported at more than $20
million, with more expected as relationships are strengthened and business deals are negotiated.
The increase in the number of TPCC-led RE&EE trade missions will be complemented by reverse trade missions supported by the
USTDA and DOC. The reverse trade missions will bring senior procurement officials to the United States to witness U.S. RE&EE
technologies firsthand before final procurement decisions. The missions will be modeled on the highly successful Renewable
Energy in Latin America Initiative organized by USTDA in 2010 that brought foreign delegations to large RE&EE trade shows in the
United States. In markets already supportive of RE&EE development, exposing foreign buyers to U.S. companies and U.S.
technology is often the most important element of U.S. trade promotion activities. Therefore, during the next 12 months, the
Department of Energy will work with U.S. RE&EE trade associations to assess the potential for creating foreign buyers guides for
U.S. RE&EE technologies. In addition, the TPCC Working Group will use the requirements of Executive Order 13514, “Federal
Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance,” to showcase U.S. technologies at U.S. embassies in key target
markets..
The Department of State will also boost the U.S. Government‟s involvement in the EcoPartnerships Program, which was established
under the U.S.–China 10-Year Framework for Cooperation on Energy and Environment. The program harnesses the collective work
of state and local governments, academic institutions, and private companies to share best practices, to foster innovation, and to
further sustainable economic development between national and subnational leaders in the United States and China.
Finally, the Department of Agriculture will actively seek to identify an appropriate U.S. wood pellet industry partner to undertake
foreign market development and export promotion activities under the Foreign Agricultural Service‟s Market Access Program and
Foreign Market Development programs. Wood pellets represent a significant export market opportunity for the U.S. biomass
industry. Pursuing this opportunity will not only develop new export markets for U.S. firms, but will also capitalize on existing
competitive advantages for U.S. exporters in a technology subsector currently overlooked by standard U.S. Government programs.
INTERNATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY
WORLD LARGEST WOODPELLET FACTORY
RWE US – 750.000 TONS
RWE Innogy announced plans to build a factory to produce biomass pellets in the southern part of the US state of Georgia. The
plant will have an annual production capacity of 750,000 tons, making it the biggest and most modern of its type in the world.
The project will be carried out in collaboration with BMC Management AB, which specialises in the development of biomass
manufacturing solutions and is based in Sweden. The pellets will be used in pure biomass power plants as well as for the co-firing of
coal and biomass. The pellets plant is due to take up operation in 2011. The total investment volume amounts to approximately
EUR 120 million.
Dr. Leonhard Birnbaum, Member of the Executive Board of RWE AG said: “Through this investment, RWE has taken a strategically
important step towards safeguarding the supply basis for the constantly growing biomass market in Europe. This is because we will
be unable to achieve the targets for reducing CO2 emissions in Germany and Europe without biomass. But the European wood
market will not be able to satisfy the demand in this fast growing sector on its own."
The biomass pellets will initially be burnt in the existing power plants of Amer in the Netherlands, where currently already up to 30%
of the hard coal has been replaced by solid biomass, mainly wood pellets. The considerable volumes of biomass from Georgia will
also help achieve a goal of expanding this cofiring to up to 50%. The CO2 reductions achieved will be of a corresponding level. The
two power plant units belong to Essent, which RWE took on as a result of the partnership both companies entered in September
2009. They have a total installed capacity of 1,245 MW of electricity as well as 600 MW of thermal. They generate electricity for the
equivalent of three million households. In the coming years, the use of the biomass pellets is to be extended to other pure biomass
power plants and also to conventional power plant sites in the Netherlands (e.g. Eemshaven power plant, which is currently under
construction), Germany, Italy and the UK.
Forests in Georgia provide enough wood to sustainably produce the pellets, the company said. Around 1.5 million metric tons of
fresh wood are needed each year to produce 750,000 tonnes of pellets. Unlike Europe, the US have a huge growth surplus of wood
that is not used. This is particularly true in the Georgia region, from which numerous paper and pulp companies have withdrawn
over the past decade, thus further reducing the demand for wood. Wood growth is currently ahead of consumption in Georgia.
INTERNATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY
WORLD LARGEST WOODPELLET FACTORY
RWE US – 750.000 TONS
Dr. Hans Bünting, Member of the Board of Directors of RWE Innogy stated: “Through this new plant, RWE will be able to secure a
supply of biomass at stable and competitive prices. Due to the large surplus available, wood is much cheaper in the US than in
Europe with its restricted wood land availability. Furthermore, Georgia is a region where forest management is being carried out in a
sustainable manner--this fully meets our strict criteria for the production of biomass.”
The pellets are to be shipped to Europe from the port of Savannah. A long-term transport contract has been concluded with one of
the world's largest shipping companies in the dry goods sector, Dampskibselskabet NORDEN A/S, Denmark.
Europe remains RWE Innogy´s core market, because it is the company´s goal to reduce the CO2 position of the RWE Group as a
whole. As long as the US is not part of the CO2 emissions trading scheme, RWE will not--due to strategic reasons--invest in power
generation capacity from renewables in the US.
INTERNATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY
WOODPELLET ENVIVA AND ELECTRABEL
Wood pellet producer Enviva, headquartered in Richmond, Virginia, US, is to supply its biomass products to Electrabel,
an energy company based in Belgium, after securing its largest contract to date.
As stated in the contract the pellet firm will provide Electrabel with 480,000 tonnes of wood pellets a year. However the
agreement means that Enviva will need to increase the output capacity at its only US-based pellet plant located in
Mississippi. Earlier this month Enviva announced that it had acquired privately held firm CKS Energy and is now looking
to increase production at this plant to over 100,000 tonnes a year, up from its current annual capacity of 50,000 tonnes.
Despite owning another two pellet production facilities in Germany and Belgium, manufacturing 120,000 tonnes and
60,000 tonnes of wood pellets respectively, the company is also looking at developing further sites in Alabama, North
Carolina and Virgina.
Thomas Meth, executive vice president of Intrinergy, Enviva‟s parent company, commented: „We will start supplying
next year. For that we need to add more capacity. I expect it will be more than one site.‟
EUROPEAN BIOMASS
ASSOCIATION
CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE BIOENERGIA
EUROPEAN BIOMASS ASSOCIATION
GUSTAV MELIN
European Biomass Association Represents and promotes interests of bioenergy stakeholders 30 national associations About 4000 associated companies Activities: lobbying, workshops, newsletters, European projects, working groups, conferences and networking, Based in Brussels in the Renewable Energy House. Member of EREC, European Renewable Energy Council. Evaluation of National Renewable Energy Action Plan, NREAP NREAP is the idea of the energy department in charge 2010 in each country, how to fulfil the Renewable Energy Directive. The NREAP reflects the ambition and political will in each country and gives us an idea of which area the country will invest and develop. It is likely that most of what is stated in the overall NREAP‟s will happen. It is interesting to use the NREAP as a guideline for which markets to invest in, if you are interested in developing your business.
CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE BIOENERGIA
EUROPEAN BIOMASS ASSOCIATION
GUSTAV MELIN
Evaluation of National Renewable Energy Action Plan, NREAP A sound scepticism is to recommend It is a mistake to trust that what is proposed in the NREAP actually will happen in each country. The NREAP seems sometimes be produced with trust in political power without considering economical realities. Every company have to consider if the individual countries have the economy and political will to fulfil their plan as proposed. Growth of biomass availability EU27 : Comparison Eurostat figures for 2000-2008 and EU23 REAP for 2006 – 2015 – 2020 NREAP looks very disappointing as 2020 target is already almost reached in 2008 ! But this hides various national situations. And maybe imports are not considered! Growth rate of biomass availability Comparison of annual growth rate (%) from 2000 to 2008 (Eurostat) with growth rate of 2006 – 2020 (NREAP) Annual growth of biomass looks disappointing in many countries (AT, CZ, DK, DE, SE, SK) compared with recent years‟ growth Reason for decreased growth : targets not ambitious, controversy about biomass (food/materials), bad statistics
CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE BIOENERGIA
EUROPEAN BIOMASS ASSOCIATION
GUSTAV MELIN
Increase from Forestry, Agriculture and Waste Food is more expensive than wood and waste. There is no lack of food in the world for those who pay – and will probably never be. Waste incineration is done with negligible environmental damage, and the problem of waste can now be turned to profit. Forestry produce fuel as by-product/waste. Waste from agriculture as straw and biogas from manure can compete but agricultural crops have cost issues if not subsidised. Electricity from biomass Most cost efficient in large scale Combined Heat and Power, CHP, is recommended Use infrastructure funds to support district heating grid investments, tremendous carbon savings also when fossil fuels are used for CHP. District heating grids are profitable also without subsidies but subsidies is needed to push NIMBY and planning issues. .
CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE BIOENERGIA
EUROPEAN BIOMASS ASSOCIATION
GUSTAV MELIN
Heat from biomass under estimated in NREAP Heat from biomass – the most competitive area. Energy cost in wood pellets only 75 per cent of energy cost in oil at world market crude oil price. Bioenergy always strongly competitive outside gas grids. Wood chips even lower cost than pellets in larger plants. Conclusions Growth of biomass supply looks disappointing, but are the figures soundly established ? Countries are counting on higher biomass growth from agriculture � measures expected, or market realities will decide. Heating from biomass is under estimated. The profitability in the sector will make it grow faster. Be involved in the Cross Border Bioenergy project to evaluate markets. Thank you for your attention Gustav Melin
BRAZILIAN ASSOCIATION BIOMASS
BIOMASSA E BIOENERGIA
CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE BIOENERGIA
ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DAS INDÚSTRIAS DE
BIOMASSA E ENERGIA RENOVÁVEL
BIOMASSA E BIONERGIA CELSO MARCELO DE OLIVEIRA As projeções da Agência Internacional de Energia apontam que a demanda global de energia será de 16,5 bilhões de
tep em 2030, permanecendo-se o cenário atual de políticas de energia. Em uma perspectiva de controle das emissões
de GEEs, toma-se como referencial a estabilização da concentração de CO2 atmosférico em 450 ppm, a base
energética renovável passaria para 33% da oferta mundial de energia, em 2030.
As energias renováveis poderão satisfazer 80% das necessidades globais em 2050 se forem mais desenvolvidas, de
acordo com o relatório 164 do IPCC. O relatório destaca que em 2009 houve um aumento na produção energia
renovável: eólica (aumento de 30%), hidrelétrica (3%), solar em redes de distribuição (50%), geotérmica (4%) e solar
para aquecimento de água (20%). Além disso, a produção de etanol aumentou 10%. Estima-se que os investimentos
anuais para desenvolver este setor devem ser de US$ 1,3 bilhão a US$ 5,1 bilhões.
Recomenda-se que as indústrias venham em utilizar mais a biomassa para atender à demanda de energia térmica.
Eles também podem ser exportadores líquidos de combustíveis em excesso, calor e eletricidade para sistemas de
abastecimento adjacente. Energias Renováveis podem ajudar a acelerar o acesso à energia, particularmente para os
1,4 bilhões de pessoas sem acesso à eletricidade.
CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE BIOENERGIA
ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DAS INDÚSTRIAS DE
BIOMASSA E ENERGIA RENOVÁVEL
O potencial da biomassa mundial pode ser suficiente para atender a demanda de energia global em 2050. Não há
problemas técnicos na mudança da matriz energética dos combustíveis fósseis para biomassa. Na última década, o
número de países que exploram biomassa para o fornecimento de energia tem aumentado e o uso mundial de
biomassa para energia dobrou nos últimos 40 anos. O potencial futuro para a energia da biomassa depende da disponibilidade de terra. Atualmente, a quantidade de terra
dedicada ao cultivo de biomassa energética é de apenas 25 milhões de hectares ou 0,19% da área terrestre. O Brasil
desponta com o maior potencial (fontes de recursos e matéria-prima) de desenvolvimento de projetos sustentáveis de
produção de biomassa. O Brasil possui a matriz energética mais renovável do mundo industrializado com 46,4% de sua produção proveniente
de fontes como recursos hídricos, biomassa e etanol. As usinas hidrelétricas são responsáveis pela geração de mais
de 75% da eletricidade do País. A demanda por energia no Brasil deverá crescer em média anual de 5,2% até 2018,
chegando a 681,7 mil gigawatts-hora e um forte crescimento do consumo de eletricidade a partir de 2013, amparado
nas excelentes perspectivas de crescimento para a economia brasileira no mesmo período e com a forte expansão da
demanda. A bioenergia é produzida a partir de uma variedade de fontes de biomassa, incluindo resíduos florestais, agrícolas,
industriais e da pecuária; resíduos sólidos urbanos e orgânicos e de plantações florestais e culturas energéticas.
CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE BIOENERGIA
ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DAS INDÚSTRIAS DE
BIOMASSA E ENERGIA RENOVÁVEL
Temos um potencial de resíduos florestais de 157.992.556 m³. Em comparativo (TJ) para a geração de energia térmica
temos 1.244.253 TJ o suficiente para atender toda a demanda interna de energia. Se fossemos comparar com o uso
de fontes não renováveis, evitaria o consumo de carvão em 56.877.331 m³ e produziria 71.096.664 ton de pellets ou
biomassa e estaria evitando a emissão de 189.591.060 ton de CO2. A biomassa residual (florestal, industrial ou
agrícola) deve ser valorizada pois permite a produção de energia térmica e elétrica. Esta valorização tem vantagens
pois corresponde a uma redução das emissões de carbono, uma fonte de energia renovável e ainda permite uma
valorização econômica de um produto. Wood chips são cavacos de madeira, ou seja, lascas cisalhadas a partir de uma tora de madeira, sempre sendo
trabalhados de maneira que as fibras da madeira estejam dentro de uma faixa de medida apropriada. O Briquete é uma
lenha ecológica (reciclada) que é resultado do processo de secagem e prensagem de serragem dos mais diversos
tipos de madeira e de resíduos florestais. A Brasil Biomassa e Energia Renovável desenvolve no Brasil o inédito
projeto industrial do biobriquete. Utilizamos em produção, resíduos de bagaço de cana, cacau, palha de milho, casca
de café, babaçú, casca de arroz, açaí dentre outros produtos. O BioBriquete é um CSR (Combustível Sólido
Renovável), produzido a partir da secagem e compactação da Biomassa. O Pellet é uma fonte de energia renovável pertencente à classe da Biomassa. É um combustível sólido de granulado
de resíduos de madeira prensado. É obtido por trefilação de serragem produzida durante o beneficiamento da madeira
natural seca. A sua produção é feita a partir de madeira resultante da limpeza das florestas e de desperdícios da
indústria madeireira (biomassa) que depois de triturados e secos (serragem) e passam pela secagem de modo a
eliminar o máximo de resinas e umidade, para obter o formato final.
CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE BIOENERGIA
ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DAS INDÚSTRIAS DE
BIOMASSA E ENERGIA RENOVÁVEL
A previsão do total de cana que será moída na safra 2011/12 é de 641.982 milhões ton. . Cerca de 25% das usinas do
setor sucroenergético tornaram provedores de energia à rede elétrica por meio de co-geração. Do processo industrial
teremos uma quantia estimada de 179.754 milhões toneladas de bagaço de cana e de 192.594 milhões de toneladas
de palha e resíduos.
Se toda a produção de bagaço e palha da cana fosse industrializada em biopellets teríamos uma produção por safra de
129.679 milhões ton. (71.901 biopellets de bagaço de cana e de 57.778 de palha e resíduos da cana) suficiente para
atender toda a demanda internacional de energia e gerando uma renda média ao setor de RS 18.803.455.000,00
(Euros 145,00 preço médio biopellets Europa) . O BioPellets de Bagaço de Cana é o combustível sólido mais limpo que existe no mercado com combustão eficiente.
Sua aplicação é no aquecimento industrial e na geração de energia térmica. A sua produção é feita a partir de bagaço
de cana resultante em processo industrial que depois de triturados e secos, se transformam em pó que é comprimido a
alta pressão e temperatura de modo a eliminar o máximo de umidade, para obter o formato final.
Importante a manutenção de parte da palha da cana sobre a superfície do solo para o controle de erosão, redução da
evaporação da água do solo, controle de plantas invasoras e de nutrientes. Hoje, um terço da energia da cana
presente nos resíduos é desperdiçada em decorrência do corte manual e da queima da cana no campo para o corte. É
de fundamental importância a utilização de palha como matéria-prima de produção do biopellets para a geração de
energia térmica para queima industrial ao mercado interno ou para exportação.
CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE BIOENERGIA
ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DAS INDÚSTRIAS DE
BIOMASSA E ENERGIA RENOVÁVEL
Os Estados-Membros da UE com maior potencial de adicional de biomassa pellets e na utilização de resíduos de
madeira para a produção de calor e eletricidade são: Alemanha (43 milhões de toneladas), França (19 milhões), Reino