Revision of WMO No. 258 and its implications, with emphasis on Aeronautical Meteorology Jeff Wilson Director, WMO Education and Training Office.

Revision of WMO No. 258 and its implications, with emphasis on Aeronautical Meteorology

Jeff WilsonDirector,

WMO Education and Training Office

Revision of WMO No. 258 and Revision of WMO No. 258 and its implications, with its implications, with emphasis on Aeronautical emphasis on Aeronautical MeteorologyMeteorology

Linked but separate issues

1. Should the background knowledge, skills and behaviours of aviation meteorological forecasters be linked to:

Classifications – ie MeteorologistQualifications – successful completion of

BIP-MOther / none

2. Should the Meteorologist definition explicitly specify degree / degree-level or not

Key Issues for Congress

EC-LXII. Paras 4.2.49 to 4.2.51

Replacement to 4th ed of WMO 258

Classifications &

Qualifications

Trainer

competencies

Domain specific

Competencies – aviation

Marine ….

Congress –XVI will discuss two documentsRevision of ETR Chapter in the Technical Regulations incorporating

Revision of Meteorologist and Met. Tech definitions

Revision of the Basic Instruction Packages

“Guidelines to the implementation of the WMO ETR Standards”

Key drivers for changeKey drivers for change

Introduction of QMSAmbiguity of Standards referring to

guidelinesICAO recognition that Aeronautical

Meteorological Forecasters are specialist forecasters

Update cycle of mandatory publicationsRecognition of need for education and

training

Underpinning foundations

1) The preferred route for someone to become a Meteorologist is via a degree

2) Role of Aeronautical Meteorological Forecasters (AMF) has changed and will continue to change

3) AMFs are not second-class forecasters

Underpinning foundations

4) Diversity of the WMO community requires a flexible global approach, allowing individual Members to set higher national/regional requirements

5) Focus is on the quality of the meteorological training, not the initial degree

6) Flexible education and training allows us to set “degree-level” requirements

Benefits for NMHSsBenefits for NMHSs

Flexibility in recruitment practices according to national needs and circumstances

Clarification on minimum education and training requirements for staff

More guidance to training institutes through focusing on outcomes

Impacts on NMHSsImpacts on NMHSs

NMHS provides meteorological services to international civil aviation

No Yes

Little, as only international regulation is in civil aviation

By end of November 2016 all aeronautical meteorological forecasters must be Meteorologists (1)

(1) For Members using assistant forecasters this can be interpreted (1) For Members using assistant forecasters this can be interpreted as requiring that the person who approves the forecast must be a as requiring that the person who approves the forecast must be a Meteorologist. Meteorologist.

Time-linesTime-lines

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

Cg-XVI decision Cg-XVI decision on on Meteorologist Meteorologist definitiondefinition

CompetencieCompetenciessCompulsory Compulsory for AMF and for AMF and AMOAMO

Meterologist Meterologist qualification qualification compulsory compulsory for AMFsfor AMFs

QMS QMS compulsorcompulsoryy

EC-LXIIEC-LXIIApproveApprovecompetenciecompetenciess

258 4258 4thth ed. ed.introducedintroduced

QMS QMS approvedapproved

ImplementatioImplementation date of 1 Jan n date of 1 Jan 2005 2005

Classifications Classifications and qualifications and qualifications in a nut-shellin a nut-shell

4th ed 258 Proposed draft

Classifications Meteorologist / Meteorological Technician Meteorologist / Meteorological Technician

Definitions Meteorologist – a person who holds a university-level degree or equivalent; has acquired an appropriate level of knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry and computer science, and has completed the Basic Instruction Package for Meteorologists (BIP-M)

Meteorological Technician – a person who has completed the Basic Instruction Package for Meteorological Technicians (BIP-MT)

Meteorologist – a person who has successfully completed the Basic Instruction Package for Meteorologists (BIP-M) requirements.

Meteorological Technician – a person who has successfully completed the Basic Instruction Package for Meteorological Technicians (BIP-MT) requirements.

BIP-M Entry level Finish level Description

Undergraduate / post graduateDegree or equivalentSyllabus based

At discretion of PR, degree recommendedAt degree level Learning outcome based

BIP-MT Entry level Finish level Description

Post SecondaryPost SecondarySyllabus based

Post SecondaryPost SecondaryLearning outcome based

“Or equivalent” Not defined Not used. Guidance provided for Permanent Representatives and training institutes on what to look for in courses that claim that they deliver BIP-M outcomes at the degree level.

Comparison Comparison

Desired Congress outcomeDesired Congress outcome

Prior to May 2011

After May 2011

Classifications Guidance only Standards

Basic Instruction Packages

Guidance only Standards

Updated chapter in Technical Updated chapter in Technical Regulations Regulations

Clarifies the definition of ‘Meteorologist’

Specifies the Basic Instruction Package for Meteorologists (BIP-M) in terms of learning outcomes

Recognises that the BIP-M requirements can be met in several ways

Removes links between jobs and the classification of personnel

Degree-level – what does it mean?Demonstrate systematic understanding of their field of study;

Accurately deploy established techniques of analysis and enquiry used in their field of study, and apply the learnt methods and techniques to review, consolidate, extend and apply their knowledge and understanding;

Use conceptual understanding that allows arguments to be devised and sustained and apply the understanding to the solving of problems in their field of study;

Critically evaluate arguments, assumptions, abstract concepts and data whilst taking into account the uncertainty, ambiguity and limits of knowledge of their field of study;

Communicate information, ideas, problems and solutions about their field of study to both specialist and non-specialist audiences.

 acquire transferrable skills :team-work, the management of their own learning, exercise of initiative and personal responsibility, and the ability to make decisions in complex and unpredictable contexts.

Basic Instruction Package for Basic Instruction Package for Meteorologist – core Meteorologist – core requirementsrequirementsPhysical meteorology, including air quality and

observing technology

Dynamic meteorology, including Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP)

Synoptic meteorology, including mesoscale

meteorology and weather prediction Climatology, including both the traditional

statistical description and the modern dynamical study and interpretation of the climate, as well as climate prediction

BIP-M, learning outcome exampleWeather analysis and forecasting

To understand the way in which weather is analysed and forecast,

with emphasis on the formation and use of an NWP system.Learning outcomes – able to:Synoptic analysis. Analyse and interpret synoptic charts (e.g. surface pressure, upper-air and

thickness charts), soundings plotted on a thermodynamic diagram, and the main features in satellite and radar images, and describe the limitations of the observations used in the analyses.

Local weather. Understand how orography and large bodies of water affect local weather (e.g. cloud and precipitation).

Types of forecasting methods. Explain the advantages of disadvantages of preparing forecasts based on persistence, extrapolation, analogues, and numerical weather prediction (NWP), and describe the role of the forecaster.

……..…..

Frequently asked questions

Is the proposed definition of Meteorologist less demanding than the current version?

No. The proposed definition still requires completion of the Basic Instruction Package for Meteorologists (BIP-M), though this is now specified in terms of learning outcomes. The learning outcomes are at least as rigorous and demanding as those for many existing meteorology degree programmes of Members. In future, when individuals complete a meteorology degree, there will need to be evidence that the scope of the degree meets all of the BIP-M requirements if they are to be recognized as a Meteorologist.

Frequently asked questions

What role do Permanent Representatives have in defining the academic qualifications required by Meteorologists?

Permanent Representatives are expected to take the lead in consulting with the appropriate national and regional bodies to define the academic qualifications required by Meteorologists in their country.

Frequently asked questions

If a programme of study covering the BIP-M requirements is not conducted at a university, how will the programme be endorsed?

A programme of study will be endorsed by the educational institution or NMHS. Such a practice already commonly occurs for the education and training of Meteorological Technicians.

Guidance is provided for Members on what to look for in such a programme and how they can undertake duty of care to see the description is correct.

Where can I find the Where can I find the documents?documents?At

http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/dra/etrp/tech49/tech49.php

FAQsDraft changes to Tech. RegsDraft GuidelinesIn all WMO languages

Summary of proposed Summary of proposed changeschanges

Build upon the contents of the 4th edition of WMO publication 258

Maintain qualityProvide more consistency in

applicationAllow PRs flexibility in selection of

staff and entry requirementsRemove ambiguities of Standards

referring to Guidelines

Aeronuatical MeteorologyAeronuatical Meteorology

classificationsqualificationsand competencies

Aeronautical Meteorological Aeronautical Meteorological PersonnelPersonnel

• Aeronautical Meteorological Forecasters• Shall meet competency requirements by

November 2013 (specified by CAeM)• Shall meet BIP-M related requirements by

November 2016 (CAeM-XIV 2010 endorsed by EC-LXII 2010)

• Aeronautical Meteorological Observers• Shall meet competency requirements by

November 2013 (specified by CAeM)

Prior to May 2011

After May 2011

After 1 Dec 2013 After 1 Dec 2016

Legal framework impacting matters such as cost recovery

Unclear Much clearer

Classification of AMFs

Conflicting information in 4th edition of WMO 258. Commonly interpreted as AMF should be a Meteorologist to undertake independent forecasting

Degree requirement is national decision but all AMFs should be classified as Meteorologists (CAeM-XIV 2010)

Degree requirement is national decision but all AMFs should be classified as Meteorologists (CAeM-XIV 2010)

Degree requirement is national decision but all AMFs shall be classified as Meteorologists (CAeM-XIV 2010)

Competence Standards (CAeM-XIV 2010)

All international Air Navigation Meteorological Service Providers should be able to demonstrate that their AMFs meet the competence Standards

All international Air Navigation Meteorological Service Providers should be able to demonstrate that their AMFs meet the competence Standards

All international Air Navigation Meteorological Service Providers shall be able to demonstrate that their AMFs meet the competence Standards

All international Air Navigation Meteorological Service Providers shall be able to demonstrate that their AMFs meet the competence Standards

Impact on AMF if WMO Technical Impact on AMF if WMO Technical Regulations Regulations AREARE changed changed

Impact on AMF if WMO Technical Impact on AMF if WMO Technical Regulations Regulations are NOT are NOT changedchanged

Prior to May 2011

After May 2011 After 1 Dec 2013 After 1 Dec 2016

Legal Framework impacting matters such as cost recovery

Unclear

Classification of AMFs

Conflicting information in 4th edition of WMO 258. Commonly interpreted as Meteorologists to undertake independent forecasting and that Meteorologists require a degree ‘or equivalent’

All AMFs shall be Meteorologists

All AMFs shall be Meteorologists

All AMFs shall be Meteorologists

AMF Competence Standards (CAeM-XIV 2010)

All international Air Navigation Meteorological Service Providers should be able to demonstrate that their AMFs meet the competence standards

All international Air Navigation Meteorological Service Providers should be able to demonstrate that their AMFs meet the competence standards

All international Air Navigation Meteorological Service Providers shall be able to demonstrate that their AMFs meet the competence standards

All international Air Navigation Meteorological Service Providers shall be able to demonstrate that their AMFs meet the competence standards

Competency HierachyCompetency Hierachy

• Top-level CompetenciesTop-level Competencies• WMO 49 Vol 1 Standards

• Second-level Second-level CompetenciesCompetencies

Describe and elaborate on the standards• National CompetenciesNational Competencies

Use examples of the second level to adapt the top-level competencies to

suit the national situation

Blank slideBlank slide

Top-level competencies for Top-level competencies for Aeronautical Meteorological Aeronautical Meteorological PersonnelPersonnel

• Apply to Aeronautical Meteorological Forecasters (AMFs) and Aeronautical Meteorological Observers (AMOs)

• Developed by the Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (CAeM)

• Endorsed by CAeM-XIV (2010)

• Approved by the Executive Council in June 2010

• To be included as Annex to WMO-No. 49, Volume 1 Technical Regulations

Top-level competenciesTop-level competenciesConditionsConditionsa) For the area and airspace of responsibility

b) In consideration of the impact of meteorological phenomena on aviation operations

c) In compliance with aviation user requirements, international regulations, local procedures and priorities

Aeronautical Meteorological Aeronautical Meteorological ForecasterForecaster

• An Aeronautical Meteorological Forecaster should1 be a Meteorologist and shall:

1shall from December 2016

Aeronautical Meteorological Aeronautical Meteorological Forecaster Top Level Forecaster Top Level CompetenciesCompetencies1) Analyse and monitor continuously the weather

situation2) Forecast aeronautical meteorological phenomena and

parameters3) Warn of hazardous weather4) Ensure the quality of meteorological information and

services5) Communicate meteorological information to internal

and external users

Second-level competence Second-level competence descriptionsdescriptions• Developed by the CAeM Expert Team on Education and Training – http://www.caem.wmo.int/moodle

•To assist with mapping of local/national practices to the top level competence Standards

• Competence description and performance criteria

• Regional variations (e.g. range of weather phenomena, regional regulations and communications technology)

• Background knowledge and skills

AMP Competence Standards - AMP Competence Standards - Assessment ChallengesAssessment Challenges• Mapping of national practices to aeronautical MET

personnel competence Standards

• Consistent quality (and quantity) of assessment processes/methods

- Assessors

- Evidence

- Auditors

• Assessor Training

• Ownership of process(es).

Competence Assessment Toolkit Competence Assessment Toolkit (CAT) for Aeronautical (CAT) for Aeronautical Meteorological PersonnelMeteorological Personnel

•Being prepared by the CAeM Task Team on the Competency Assessment Toolkit http://forum.14.caem.wmo.int/post14web/•The toolkit contains guidance on:– Experiential questions– Test questions– Direct observation– Classroom or paper simulation– Case study

Who does the assessing?Who does the assessing?• The assessment is performed primarily through self-

regulation• It is expected that service providers will be able to provide

evidence that:– Individuals satisfy the competency requirements– Assessment is consistent and transparent

– Local/national competencies match to the second level competencies and then upward to the top level standards.

What next for the CAT?What next for the CAT?• Tested at the UK Aviation Seminar (Nairobi) in September

2010

• Modified following the WMO Education and Training Symposium (Indonesia) in October

• Further workshops and pilot projects during 2011 and 2012

• Available to all WMO Members in 2011• Used to ensure mandatory compliance WMO-No. 49

competence Standards by November 2013

Replacement of WMO No. 258Replacement of WMO No. 258EC Panel of Experts• Classification and qualifications of

meteorological personnel• Guidance on the training process

Technical Commissions• Competencies and associated

education and training requirements for particular tasks

Over to you!!!

Guess at feedback from RA III / IV TECO – majority view?

Meteorologists MUST have a degree and have completed the BIP-M at the minimum of undergraduate level

Aeronautical Meteorological Forecasters do NOT need to be classified as Meteorologists

By 1 December 2016 all aeronautical meteorological forecasters MUST have completed the BIP-M