Revision of the Nepalomyia pallipilosa species group (diptera, dolichopodidae, Peloropeodinae)

Biologia, Bratislava, 62/6: 731—741, 2007Section ZoologyDOI: 10.2478/s11756-007-0140-2

Revision of the Nepalomyia pallipilosa species group (Diptera,Dolichopodidae, Peloropeodinae)

MengqingWang1,2, Ding Yang2,* & Patrick Grootaert3

1Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Agricultural Academy Sciences, Beijing 100094, China2Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China; e-mail: [email protected];[email protected] of Entomology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium;e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The genus Nepalomyia is the largest genus in the subfamily Peloropeodinae, with 47 described species. In thepresent paper the Nepalomyia pallipilosa species group is established for the following three described species and seven newspecies: Nepalomyia biseta sp. n., N. emeiensis sp. n., N. guangxiensis Zhang et Yang, N. liui sp. n., N. pallipilosa (Yanget Saigusa), N. ruiliensis Wang et Yang, N. sichuanensis sp. n., N. ventralis sp. n., N. yangi sp. n. and N. zengchengensissp. n. Information on their distribution is also given or updated.

Key words: Dolichopodidae; Nepalomyia; species group; new species; distribution; China

Introduction

The genus Nepalomyia Hollis is the largest genus of thesubfamily Peloropeodinae with 47 known species (Yanget al. 2006). The genus is characterized by the followingfeatures: hind tarsomere 1 shortened (shorter than hindtarsomere 2), males with one basal spur directed up-wards; male genitalia rather large and mostly exposedfrom tip of abdomen, surstylus on epandrium dividedinto three separated (dorsal, middle and ventral) lobes,ventral lobe with or without apical setulae, cercus inmost species complex in shape and with basal setulaeusually on tubercle.Nepalomyia was established by Hollis (1964) and

synonymized with Neurigonella Robinson, 1964 byRunyon & Hurley (2003). Yang & Saigusa (2001a)divided the Chinese species into two groups. In thepresent paper, a new species group, the Nepalomyiapallipilosa species group, is established. All ten speciesassigned to this group are described or diagnosed andillustrated, seven of which are new to science. In addi-tion, the geographic distributions are also updated.

Material and methods

The specimens used in this study were collected by sweepnetting in Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan and Yunnanprovinces. The materials are preserved in 75% ethanol anddeposited in the Entomological Museum of the China Agri-cultural University (CAU), Beijing.

Morphological terminology for adult structures followsmainly McAlpine (1981). Terms for structures of male geni-talia follow Cumming et al. (1995). Other abbreviations areused as follows: acr – acrostichal seta, ad – anterodorsalseta, av – anteroventral seta, CuAx ratio – length of m-cucrossvein / distal section CuA, dc – dorsocentral seta, h –humeral seta, ih – inner humeral seta, LI – fore leg, LII –mid leg, LIII – hind leg, npl – notopleural seta, oc – ocel-lar seta, pd – posterodorsal seta, ph – posthumeral seta,psa – postero-supraalar seta, pv – posteroventral seta, sa– supraalar seta, su – sutural seta, v – ventral seta, vt –vertical seta.

Taxonomy

Nepalomyia Hollis, 1964

Nepalomyia Hollis, 1964: 110. Type species: Nepalo-myia dytei Hollis, 1964.Neurigonella Robinson, 1964: 119. Type species: Neu-rigona nigricornis Van Duzee, 1914.

Nepalomyia pallipilosa species group

Diagnosis. Medium-sized (body length 2.0–3.9 mm),usually with metallic green or dark brown body col-oration. Male genitalia large and mostly exposed: Epan-drium with short finger-like or large lateral lobe; hypan-drium trifurcated, symmetrical in ventral view, withrather narrow base and broad apex, and apical portion

* Corresponding author

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distinctly wider than base, sometimes lateral lobe (ormiddle lobe) with marginal denticles; cercus withoutbasal tubercle or just with weak pale basal tubercle.Phallus complex, thick and swollen.

Remarks. Yang & Saigusa (2001a) divided the genusNepalomyia into two groups, longa and henanensisspecies groups. The longa-species group composedtwo subgroups: crassata-subgroup and longa-subgroup;and the henanensis-species group comprised threesubgroups: pallipes-subgroup, trifurcata-subgroup, andhenanensis-subgroup. Due to the increasing number ofknown species, we here upgrade some subgroups togroups, and define six groups as diagnosed in the keyto species groups below.

Key to species groups ofNepalomyia from China(males only)

1 R2+3 and R4+5 with basal portion distinctly swollen;epandrium with long (almost as long as surstylus) andfinger-like lateral lobe, bearing 1 apical seta and 1–2basal setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . trifurcata-species group– R2+3 and R4+5 normal (not swollen); epandrium withshort (shorter than surstylus) and simple lateral lobeor lobe absent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 First flagellomere elongated, distinctly longer thanwide; epandrium without lateral lobe . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3– First flagellomere short, not longer than wide; epan-drium with short lateral lobe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Hypandrium with wide apex; phallus very thick andspecialized in shape; cercus without basal tubercle . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .crassata-species group– Hypandrium long and narrow; phallus slender api-cally; cercus with weak basal tubercle . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . longa-species group

4 Hypandrium with rounded apex, not furcated . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pallipes-species group

– Hypandrium with furcated apical portion . . . . . . . . . .55 Epandrium with distinct (as long as wide) laterallobe; hypandrium with narrow base and broad apex,trifurcated in ventral view . . pallipilosa-species group– Epandrium with small or indistinct lateral lobe; hy-pandrium bifurcated in ventral view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . henanensis-species group

The pallipilosa-species group comprises three de-scribed species and seven new species as mentionedabove. This group is similar to the henanensis-speciesgroup, but can be separated from the latter by the tri-furcated hypandrium. In the henanensis-species group,the hypandrium is bifurcated.So far as known, all species of the Nepalomyia pal-

lipilosa group are limited to the Oriental realm, andare endemic to China. Considering the Chinese fauna,the species of the N. pallipilosa group are distributed inthree zoogeographical regions: the South China, South-West China, and Central China regions (Zhang 1998).

Key to species of Nepalomyia pallipilosa speciesgroup from China (males only)

1 First flagellomere distinctly longer than wide (Figs 5,9, 19, 22) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2– First flagellomere shorter than wide (rarely as long aswide) (Figs 1, 14, 26) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 First flagellomere much elongated, about 3.0 timeslonger than wide (Fig. 9); phallus long with 2 largeand 2 small acute middle processes in ventral view(Fig. 12). Yunnan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. liui sp. n.– First flagellomere about 1.5 times longer than wide(Figs 5, 29, 22); phallus simple, without processes . 33 Hind tarsomere 1 yellow, not thickened, with row ofv; median lobe of hypandrium longer than lateral lobe(Figs 21, 24) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4– Hind tarsomere 1 black and strongly thickened, with-out row of v (Fig. 6); median lobe of hypandriumshorter than lateral lobe (Fig. 8). Sichuan . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .N. emeiensis sp. n.4 Epandrium with short finger-like lateral lobe; cercuswith weak basal tubercle, bearing 2 long apical setae(Fig. 23). Yunnan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. yangi sp. n.– Epandrium with large, broad lateral lobe; cercuswithout basal tubercle or long apical seta (Fig. 20).Guangdong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .N. ventralis sp. n.5 Costa distinctly swollen between R1 and R2+3(Fig. 13) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6– Costa not swollen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Hind tarsomere 1 with row of v (Fig. 15); cercus with2 weak basal tubercles (Fig. 16). Guangdong, Sichuan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .N. sichuanensis sp. n.

– Hind tarsomere 1 lacking row of v (Fig. 2); cercuslacking basal tubercle (Fig. 3). Guangdong . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .N. biseta sp. n.7 R4+5 and M parallel apically; hypandrium with me-dian lobe long and broad. Yunnan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .N. ruiliensis Wang et Yang, 2005– R4+5 and M convergent apically; hypandrium withmedian lobe short . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 First flagellomere as long as wide (Fig. 26); fore tar-sus yellow; hypandrium without marginal denticles inventral view (Fig. 29). Guangdong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .N. zengchengensis sp. n.– First flagellomere wider than long; apical portion offore tarsomere 3 and entire tarsomere 4 white; hypan-drium with marginal denticles in ventral view . . . . . 99 Abdomen dark metallic green; 4–5 irregularly pairedacr; median lobe of hypandrium with shallow incision.Yunnan . . . . . . .N. pallipilosa (Yang et Saigusa, 2001)– Abdomen dark brown; 7 irregularly paired acr; me-dian lobe of hypandrium deeply furcated. Guangxi . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .N. guangxiensis Zhang et Yang, 2005

Nepalomyia biseta sp. n. (Figs 1–4)

Diagnosis. First flagellomere as long as wide; 5 strongdc; costa between R1 and R2+3 thickened; hind tar-

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Nepalomyia pallipilosa species group from China 733

Figs 1–4. Nepalomyia biseta sp. n. male: 1 – antenna (excluding scape); 2 – hind tarsomere 1, lateral view; 3 – genitalia, lateral view;4 – hypandrium, ventral view. Abbreviations: Ce – cercus, Ell – epandrial lateral lobe, Hyp – hypandrium, Hll – hypandrial laterallobe, Hml – hypandrial middle lobe, Pha – phallus, Sdl – surstylus dorsal lobe, Sml – surstylus middle lobe, Svl – surstylus ventrallobe.

somere 1 short and thickened; hypandrium with laterallobes longer than median lobe; epandrium with bifur-cated lateral lobe, bearing 2 long apical setae.

Description. Male. Body length 2.3 mm, wing length2.0 mm.Head dark metallic green with grey brown pollen;

face with pale grey pollen. Setulae and setae onhead black; postocular setae (including ventral setulae)black. Ocellar tubercle weakly raised, with 2 strong ocand 2 short posterior setulae. Antenna blackish (Fig. 1);first flagellomere as long as wide, apically with distinctventral apical extension; arista blackish, with long blackpubescence, with basal segment very short. Proboscisblackish with black setulae; palpus black with black se-tulae and black apical seta.Thorax dark metallic green with grey pollen;

pleura dark brown with pale grey pollen. Setulae and se-tae on thorax black; 5 strong dc, 5–6 irregularly pairedacr; 1 long h and 1 short setula, 1 long ph, 1 short ih,1 short su, 1 long anterior and 1 short posterior npl, 1short anterior and 1 long posterior sa, 1 long psa; scutel-lum with 2 pairs of setae. Propleuron with 1 long blackseta on lower portion. Legs brownish; coxae brownish,mid coxa tinged with brown basally; hind tarsomere 1blackish brown. Setulae and setae on legs black; forecoxa with 6 anterior setae, mid coxa with 4 anteriorsetae, hind coxa with 1 outer seta at middle. Fore fe-mur with 1 short apical v; mid and hind femora eachwith 1 preapical seta. Fore tibia apically with anteriorcomb and 3 setae; mid tibia with 2 ad, 2 pd and 1 v atmiddle, apically with 4 setae; hind tibia with 2 ad, 3–4

pd and 1 row of short v, apically with anterior comband 3 long setae. Fore tarsomere 1 with row of shortv along entire length; mid tarsomere 1 with row of 6–7 v on basal 2/5; hind tarsomere 1 (Fig. 2) short andthickened, with basal spur directed upwards. Relativelengths of tibia and 5 tarsomeres: LI 3.7 : 3.0 : 2.0 : 1.6: 0.4 : 0.6; LII 4.7 : 3.5 : 2.2 : 1.7 : 0.9 : 0.5; LIII 5.4 : 1.6: 3.0 : 1.8 : ? (missing) : ?. Wing hyaline, tinged grey-ish; veins dark brown; second costal section between R1and R2+3 thickened; R4+5 and M somewhat convergentapically; CuAx ratio 0.5. Squama brownish with longblack setulae. Halter yellow with brown stem.Abdomen metallic green with grey brown pollen.

Setulae and setae on abdomen black; venter with somepale setulae.Male genitalia (Figs 3–4): Epandrium with bifur-

cated lateral lobe, with 2 long apical setae; surstyluswith thick dorsal lobe acute apically, straight medianlobe acute apically, and rather thin ventral lobe bear-ing apical setulae; cercus without basal tubercle, butwith pale setulae, with soft pale apical processes; hy-pandrium with narrow base and broad trifurcated apex,lateral lobes longer than median lobe; phallus long andthick with curved apex.

Female. Unknown.

Material examined. Holotype – male: Guangdong:Zengcheng, Nankunshan National Nature Reserve (23◦18′

N; 113◦49′ E), 12.V.2004, leg. D. Yang (CAU).

Etymology. The specific name refers to the epandriallateral lobe with 2 long apical setae.


734 M. Wang et al.

Figs 5–8. Nepalomyia emeiensis sp. n. male: 5 – first flagellomere and arista; 6 – hind tarsomere 1, lateral view; 7 – genitalia, lateralview; 8 – hypandrium, ventral view.

Differential diagnosis. The new species is similar toN. pallipilosa (Yang et Saigusa) in having a short firstflagellomere and a trifurcated hypandrium, but can bedistinguished from the latter by the thickened secondcostal section between R1 and R2+3 and the simple lat-eral lobe of the hypandrium. In N. pallipilosa, the costais normal (not thickened), and the lateral hypandriallobe is complex, bearing marginal denticles.

Distribution. Known only from S China (Guang-dong).

Nepalomyia emeiensis sp. n. (Figs 5–8)

Diagnosis. First flagellomere triangular, 1.3 timeslonger than wide. Black hind tarsomere 1 stronglythickened and shortened.

Description. Male. Body length 2.0–2.1 mm, winglength 2.0–2.2 mm.Head dark metallic green with greyish brown

pollen; face with pale grey pollen. Setulae and setaeon head black; postocular setae (including ventral setu-lae) black. Ocellar tubercle weakly raised, with 2 strongoc and 2 short posterior setulae. Antenna black; firstflagellomere (Fig. 5) triangular, 1.3 times longer thanwide, apically with weak ventral apical extension; aristablack, long, with short blackish pubescence. Proboscisblack with black setulae; palpus black with black setu-lae and 1 black apical seta.Thorax dark metallic green with grey pollen;

pleura brown, pteropleuron dark brown. Setulae and se-tae on thorax black; 5 strong dc, 4–5 irregularly pairedacr; 1 long h and 1 short setula, 1 long ph, 1 somewhatshort ih, 1 short su, 1 long anterior and 1 somewhatshort posterior npl, 1 somewhat short anterior and 1long posterior sa, 1 long psa; scutellum with 2 pairs ofsetae, outer pair weak and as long as 1/6 of inner pair.Propleuron with 2 pale setulae and 1 black seta on lowerportion. Legs brownish; coxae (except narrow apex yel-low) brown; all femora with brownish dorsal surface and

yellow ventral surface; all tibiae yellow; hind tarsomere1 black, tarsomere 5 entirely brown. Setulae and setaeon legs black. Fore coxa with 4–6 apical setae, mid coxawith 1 anterior seta, hind coxa with 1 outer seta nearmiddle. Mid and hind femora each with 1 preapical seta.Fore tibia apically with anterior comb and 3 short setae;mid tibia with 2 ad and 1 pd, apically with 3 setae; hindtibia with 1 ad and 6–8 pd, apically with anterior comband 3 setae. Fore and mid tarsomere 1 each with row ofshort v; hind tarsomere 1 (Fig. 6) strongly thickened,with thick basal spur curved upward on inner surfaceand apical anterior comb. Relative lengths of tibia and5 tarsomeres LI 3.2 : 2.3 : 1.8 : 1.4 : 0.5 : 0.4; LII 4.3 :2.7 : 1.7 : 1.5 : 0.8 : 0.5; LIII 5.0 : 1.4 : 2.4 : 1.7 : 0.9 :0.4.Wing hyaline; veins dark brown, second costal sec-

tion between R1 and R2+3 not thickened; R4+5 and Mparallel apically; CuAx ratio 0.3. Squama black withblack setulae. Halter dark brown.Abdomen dark brown with grey brown pollen. Se-

tulae and setae on abdomen black.Male genitalia (Figs 7–8): Epandrium with broad

lateral lobe, apically with long seta; surstylus withrather broad dorsal lobe, broad middle lobe with acuteapex, and thin ventral lobe; cercus with weak basaltubercle; hypandrium short and broad, deeply trifur-cated apically, median lobe with marginal denticles, andsymmetrical in ventral view; phallus rather thick withswollen apex.

Female. Body length 1.9–2.1 mm, wing length 2.1–2.2mm. Similar to male, but hind tarsomere 1 yellow andnot thickened.

Material examined. Holotype – male: Sichuan: Emeis-han (29◦32′ N; 103◦19′ E), 14.VII.1998, leg. D. Yang (CAU).Paratypes: 3 ��, Sichuan: Emeishan (29◦32′ N; 103◦19′

E), 7.VII.1998, leg. D. Yang (CAU); 11 ��, 15 ��, samedata as holotype; 6 ��, 9 ��, Sichuan: Emeishan (29◦32′

N; 103◦19′ E), 15.VIII.1998, leg. D. Yang (CAU).



Figs 9–12. Nepalomyia liui sp. n. male: 9 – first flagellomere and arista; 10 – genitalia, lateral view; 11 – hypandrium, ventral view;12 – phallus, ventral view.

Etymology. The specific name refers to the type lo-cality, Emei (Sichuan).

Differential diagnosis. The new species is similar toN. pallipilosa (Yang et Saigusa) from Yunnan in hav-ing the trifurcated hypandrium with a narrow base andbroad apex, but may be separated from the latter bythe distinctly longer than wide first flagellomere andthe indistinct epandrial lateral lobe. In N. pallipilosa,the first flagellomere is wider than long and the epan-drial lateral lobe is long with a broad base (Yang &Saigusa 2001b). Nepalomyia emeiensis sp. n. shows dis-tinct sexual dimorphism: the male hind first tarsomereis thickened and black, darker than the other segments,whereas the female hind first tarsomere is not thickenedand has the same colour as the other segments.

Distribution. Known only from SW China (Sichuan).

Nepalomyia guangxiensis Zhang et Yang, 2005

Nepalomyia guangxiensis Zhang et Yang 2005: 54. Type lo-cality: Guangxi (Tianlin) (original description).

Diagnosis. First flagellomere with acute lower apicalcorner. Fore tarsus with apical portion of tarsomere 3and entire tarsomere 4 white with pale setulae. R4+5and M weakly convergent apicaly. Cercus with a scle-rotized spine-like apical process.

Material examined. Holotype – male: Guangxi: Tian-lin, Langping, Linaoshan (24◦18′ N; 106◦14′ E) (1300 ma.s.l.), 14.VIII.2002, leg. D. Yang (CAU).

Differential diagnosis. This species is similar to N.pallipilosa Yang and Saigusa, but may be separatedfrom the latter by the first flagellomere having an acutelower apical corner, 7 irregularly paired acr, and medianlobe of hypandrium deeply furcated. In N. pallipilosa,the first flagellomere has an obtuse lower apical corner,4–5 irregularly paired acr present and hypandrium hasmedian lobe bearing shallow incision.

Distribution. Known only from S China (Guangxi).

Nepalomyia liui sp. n. (Figs 9–12)

Diagnosis. First flagellomere greatly elongated, about3.0 times longer than wide. Hypandrium short andbroad, deeply trifurcated apically; phallus long andthick with swollen and furcated middle portion.


face with pale grey pollen. Setulae and setae onhead black; postocular setae (including ventral se-tulae) black. Ocellar tubercle weakly raised, with 2strong oc and 2 short posterior setulae. Antennablack; first flagellomere (Fig. 9) greatly elongated,3.0 times longer than wide, with weak ventral api-cal extension; arista black, long, with short black-ish setulae. Proboscis blackish with black setulae;palpus black with black setulae and 1 black apicalseta.Thorax dark metallic green with grey pollen; pleu-

ron brown, pteropleuron dark brown. Setulae and se-


736 M. Wang et al.

tae on thorax black; 5 strong dc, 4–5 irregularly pairedacr; 1 long h and 1 short setula, 1 long ph, 1 some-what short ih, 1 short su, 1 somewhat short su, 1 longanterior and 1 somewhat short posterior npl, 1 some-what short anterior and 1 long posterior sa, 1 long psa;scutellum with 2 pairs of setae, outer pair weak andsetula-like. Propleuron with 1 pale setula and 1 blackseta on lower portion. Legs yellow [hind tarsomeres 4–5 missing]; coxae yellow (except fore and mid coxaewith blackish dorsal surface), fore and mid tarsomere5 blackish. Setulae and setae on legs black; fore coxawith 4–6 apical setae, mid coxa with 1 anterior seta,hind coxa with 1 outer seta near middle. Mid and hindfemora each with 1 preapical seta. Fore tibia apicallywith anterior comb and 3 short setae; mid tibia with1 ad and 2 pd, apically with 3 setae; hind tibia with 1ad and 4–5 pd, apically with anterior comb and 3 setae.Fore and mid tarsomere 1 each with row of short v; hindtarsomere 1 with 1 v at base and 1 basal spur curvedupwards on inner surface, with row of short v, apicallywith come-like setulae. Relative lengths of tibia and 5tarsomeres LI 3.2 : 2.5 : 1.5 : 1.2 : 0.6 : 0.5; LII 5.2 :2.8 : 1.8 : 1.6 : 0.9 : 0.5; LIII 5.5 : 1.6 : 2.6 : 1.8 : ? :?.Wing hyaline; veins dark brown, basal costal sec-

tion not thickened; R4+5 and M parallel apically; CuAxratio 0.45. Squama dark brown with brownish setulae.Halter dark yellow with brown margin.Abdomen dark brown with grey brown pollen. Se-

tulae and setae on abdomen black.Male genitalia (Figs 10–12): Epandrium with large

lateral lobe, with 1 long apical seta; surstylus withrather thick and curved dorsal lobe, thick middle lobe,and thin ventral lobe, with yellow apical setulae; cer-cus with distinct pale basal tubercle, with sclerotizedapical spine-like process; hypandrium short and broad,deeply furcated apically, symmetrical in ventral view;phallus long and thick with middle portion swollen andfurcated.

Female. Unknown.

Material examined. Holotype – male: Yunnan: Xi-shuangbanna National Nature Reserve, Mengla, Wangtian-shu (21◦29′ N; 101◦33′ E), 11.V.2005, leg. X. Y. Liu (CAU).

Etymology. The specific name refers to the collectorof the holotype, Xingyue Liu.

Differential diagnosis. The new species is similar toN. emeiensis sp. n. with the elongate first flagellom-ere and trifurcated hypandrium, but may be separatedfrom the latter by the yellow hind tarsomere 1 and therather short and simple middle lobe of the hypandrium.In N. emeiensis, hind tarsomere 1 is black, and the mid-dle lobe of the hypandrium is broad and complex withmarginal denticles.

Distribution. Known only from S China (Yunnan).

Nepalomyia pallipilosa (Yang et Saigusa, 2001)

Neurigonella pallipilosa Yang et Saigusa, 2001b: 252. Typelocality: Yunnan (original description).

Diagnosis. First flagellomere with an obtuse lower api-cal corner. Fore tarsus with apical portion of tarsomere3 and entire tarsomere 4 white with pale ventral se-tulae. R4+5 and M convergent apically. Cercus with asclerotized spine-like process.

Material examined. Holotype – male: Yunnan: Nanxi-Quiatou (22◦31′ N; 103◦59′ E), 26.II.1995, leg. T. Saigusa;2 ��, Guizhou: Liboxian, Yongkang, Raolan (26◦22′ N;108◦03′ E) (740 m a.s.l.), 12.VI.2005, leg. Y. L. Xu (CAU).

Differential diagnosis. This species is similar to N.guangxiensis Zhang and Yang, but may be separatedfrom the latter by the first flagellomere having an acutelower apical corner, 4–5 irregularly paired acr, and me-dian lobe of hypandrium with shallow incision. In N.guangxiensis, the first flagellomere has an obtuse lowerapical corner, 7 irregularly paired acr and deeply fur-cated median lobe of hypandrium present.

Distribution. Known only from SW China (Guizhou,Yunnan).

Nepalomyia ruiliensisWang et Yang, 2005

Nepalomyia ruiliensisWang et Yang, 2005: 106. Type local-ity: Yunnan (Ruili).

Diagnosis. First flagellomere about as long as wide.R4+5 and M parallel apicaly. Hypandrium symmetri-cal, trifurcated in ventral view, median lobe broad withtruncate tip; phallus furcated apically.

Material examined. Holotype – male; paratype – fe-male: Yunnan: Ruili (24◦00′ N; 97◦50′ E; 750 m a.s.l.),3.V.1981, leg. F. Sh. Li (CAU).

Differential diagnosis. This species is similar to N.pallipilosa, (Yang et Saigusa) but can be separated fromthe latter by having R4+5 and M parallel apically, andhypandrium with median lobe long and broad. In N.pallipilosa, R4+5 and M is convergent apically and hy-pandrium has a short median lobe.

Distribution. Known only from SW China (Yunnan).

Nepalomyia sichuanensis sp. n. (Figs 13–17)

Diagnosis. First flagellomere subtriangular, about aslong as wide. Wing with costa distinctly swollen be-tween R1 and R2+3. Hind tarsomere 1 with row of longv.

Description. Male. Body length 2.7–3.1 mm, winglength 3.2–3.4 mm.Head dark metallic green with grey brown pollen;

face with pale grey pollen. Setulae and setae on head



Figs 13–17. Nepalomyia sichuanensis sp. n. male: 13 – wing; 14 – first flagellomere and arista; 15 – hind tarsomere 1, lateral view; 16– genitalia, lateral view; 17 – hypandrium, ventral view.

black; lower postocular setae (including ventral setu-lae) pale. Ocellar tubercle weakly raised, with 2 strongoc and 2 short posterior setulae. Antenna black; firstflagellomere (Fig. 14) subtriangular, about as longas wide, apically with weak ventral apical extension;arista black, long, with short blackish setulae. Proboscisblackish with black setulae; palpus black with black se-tulae and 1 black apical seta.Thorax dark metallic green with grey pollen; pleu-

ron brown, pteropleuron dark brown. Setulae and setaeon thorax black; 5 strong dc, 4–5 irregularly paired acr;1 long h and 1 short setula, 1 long ph, 1 somewhat shortih, 1 short su, 1 somewhat short su, 1 long anterior and1 somewhat short posterior npl, 1 somewhat short ante-rior and 1 long posterior sa, 1 long psa; scutellum with 2pairs of setae, outer pair weak and setula-like. Propleu-ron with 1 pale setula and 1 black seta on lower portion.Legs brownish; coxae brown, all tarsomere 5 brown. Se-tulae and setae on legs black; fore coxa with 4 apicalsetae, mid coxa with 1 anterior seta, hind coxa with 1outer seta near middle. Mid and hind femora each with1 preapical seta. Fore tibia apically with anterior comband 3 short setae; mid tibia with 2 ad and 2 pd, apicallywith 3 setae; hind tibia with 1 ad and 4–5 pd, row of10–12 v on apical half, apically with anterior comb and3 setae. All tarsomere 1 each with row of v; hind tar-somere 1 with 1 v at base and 1 bifurcated basal spurcurved upwards on inner surface, apically with come-like setulae (Fig. 15). Relative lengths of tibia and 5

tarsomeres LI 5.1 : 4.5 : 3.2 : 2.7 : 0.7 : 0.6; LII 7.8 : 5.1: 3.3 : 2.7 : 1.3 : 0.6; LIII 8.0 : 3.3 : 4.7 : 3.1 : 1.7 : 0.6.Wing (Fig. 13) hyaline; veins dark brown, costa

distinctly swollen between R1 and R2+3, R4+5 and Mparallel apically; CuAx ratio 0.5. Squama dark brownwith black setulae. Halter dark yellow.Abdomen dark brown with grey brown pollen. Se-

tulae and setae on abdomen black; sternite 4 with rowof long apical setulae.Male genitalia (Figs 16–17): Epandrium with

broad lateral lobe, with long apical seta; surstylus withthin dorsal lobe, thick middle lobe, and thin ventrallobe with yellow apical setulae; cercus with 2 weakbasal tubercles; hypandrium short and broad, with apexdistinctly wider than base, deeply trifurcated apically,symmetrical in ventral view; phallus somewhat swollenwith long ventral lobe.

Female. Body length 2.3 mm, wing length 2.8 mm.Similar to male, but costa not swollen, hind tarsomere1 with row of short v only.

Material examined. Holotype – male: Sichaun, Emeis-han (29◦32′ N; 103◦19′ E), 15.VIII.1998, leg. D. Yang(CAU). Paratypes: 2 ��, same data as holotype; 2 ��, 1�, Guangdong: Nanling (25◦10′ N; 112◦20′ E), 23.VIII.2005,leg. J. H. Zhang (CAU).

Etymology. The specific name refers to the locality ofthe holotype, Sichuan Province.


738 M. Wang et al.

Figs 18–21. Nepalomyia ventralis sp. n. male: 18 – wing; 19 –antenna (excluding scape); 20 – genitalia, lateral view; 21 – hy-pandrium, ventral view.

Differential diagnosis. Nepalomyia sichuanensis issimilar to N. biseta sp. n. in having the distinctlyswollen costa between R1 and R2+3, but may be sepa-rated from the latter by the indistinct median lobe ofthe hypandrium and two weak basal tubercles on thecercus. In N. biseta, the hypandrium has a distinct me-dian lobe and the cercus lacks a basal tubercle.

Distribution. Known from S (Guangdong) and SWChina (Sichuan).

Nepalomyia ventralis sp. n. (Figs 18–21)

Diagnosis. First flagellomere elongated, 1.2 timeslonger than wide; 5 strong dc; fore tarsomeres 2–4 withrow of short curved ventral pubescence; hypandriumwith lateral lobes nearly as long as median lobe.


face with pale grey pollen. Setulae and setae onhead black; postocular setae (including ventral se-tulae) black. Ocellar tubercle weakly raised, with 2strong oc and 2 short posterior setulae. Antennablackish; first flagellomere 1.2 times longer than wide(Fig. 19), apical part bearing long setulae, with dis-tinct ventral apical extension; arista blackish withlong black pubescence, and with basal segment veryshort. Proboscis blackish with black setulae; pal-

pus black with black setulae and 1 black apicalseta.Thorax dark metallic green with grey pollen; pleu-

ron dark brown with pale grey pollen. Setulae and setaeon thorax black; 5 strong dc, 5–6 irregularly paired acr(reaching the level of the forth dc); 1 long h and 1 shortsetula, 1 long ph, 1 somewhat short ih, 1 somewhatshort su, 1 long anterior and 1 somewhat short poste-rior npl, 1 somewhat short anterior and 1 long posteriorsa, 1 long psa; scutellum with 2 pairs of setae. Propleu-ron without short setulae, but with 1 long black setaon lower portion. Legs brownish yellow; coxae yellow,mid coxa tinged with brown basally; hind tarsomere1 brown, fore and mid tarsi from tip of tarsomere 1onwards brownish to brown. Setulae and setae on legsblack; fore coxa with 6 anterior setae, mid coxa with4 anterior setae, hind coxa with 1 outer seta at mid-dle. Fore femur with 1 short apical v; mid and hindfemora each with 1 preapical seta. Fore tibia apicallywith anterior comb and 3 setae; mid tibia with 2 adand 1 pd, apically with 2 setae; hind tibia with 1 ad atmiddle and 5 pd, and row of pv (which longer on api-cal half), apically with anterior comb and 3 long setae.Fore tarsomeres 2–4 with row of short curved ventralpubescence; hind tarsomere 1 with basal spur directedupwards and 1 v at extreme base, and row of short v.Relative lengths of tibia and 5 tarsomeres: LI 3.7 : 2.1: 1.2 : 1.0 : 0.9 : 0.6; LII 5.5 : 2.6 : 1.5 : ? : ? : ?; LIII5.7 : 1.3 : ? : ? : ? : ?.Wing hyaline (Fig. 18), tinged greyish; veins dark

brown; basal costal section not thickened; R4+5 and Mslightly convergent apically; CuAx ratio 0.4. Squamablackish with long black setulae. Halter dark yellowwith brown stem.Abdomen metallic green with grey brown pollen.

Setulae and setae on abdomen black; venter with somepale setulae.Male genitalia (Figs 20–21): Epandrium with large

lateral lobe bearing 1 long apical seta; surstylus withdorsal lobe acute apically, median lobe straight and thinwith pale apical setulae, and ventral lobe rather thick;cercus with sparse pale setulae, lacking basal tubercle;hypandrium with narrow base and broad, trifurcatedapex, lateral lobes nearly as long as median lobe; phal-lus long with swollen apex.

Female. Unknown.

Material examined. Holotype – male: Guangdong:Nanling National Nature Reserve, Xiaohuangshan (25◦10′

N; 112◦20′ E) (1500 m a.s.l.), 9.V.2004, leg. D. Yang (CAU).

Etymology. The specific name refers to the row ofshort curved ventral pubescence on fore tarsomeres 2–4.

Differential diagnosis. The new species is similar toN. biseta sp. n. in having R4+5 and M convergent api-cally, but may be separated from the latter by the rowof short curved ventral setulae on fore tarsomeres 2–4and the rather long and large median lobe of the hypan-drium, nearly as long as the lateral lobe. In N.biseta,



Figs 22–25. Nepalomyia yangi sp. n. male: 22 – first flagellomereand arista; 23 – genitalia, lateral view; 24 – hypandrium, ventralview; 25 – tip of phallus, ventral view.

the fore tarsus is normal and the median lobe of thehypandrium is shorter than the lateral lobe.


Nepalomyia yangi sp. n. (Figs 22–25)

Diagnosis. First flagellomere subtriangular, 1.4 timeslonger than wide. Cercus long and thin, with 2 long api-cal setae; hypandrium deeply trifurcated, middle lobelong and wide, symmetrical in ventral view; phallusswollen, with bifurcated apex.


face with pale grey pollen. Setulae and setae on headblack; lower postocular setae (including ventral setulae)black. Ocellar tubercle weakly raised, with 2 strong ocand 2 short posterior setulae. Antenna black; first flag-ellomere (Fig. 22) subtriangular, 1.4 times longer thanwide, with weak ventral apical extension; arista black,long, with short blackish pubescence. Proboscis black-ish with black setulae; palpus black with black setulaeand 1 black apical seta.Thorax dark metallic green with grey pollen; pleu-

ron brown, pteropleuron dark brown. Setulae and setaeon thorax black; 5 strong dc, 5–6 irregularly paired acr;1 long h and 1 short setula, 1 long ph, 1 somewhat short

ih, 1 short su, 1 somewhat short su, 1 long anterior and1 somewhat short posterior npl, 1 somewhat short ante-rior and 1 long posterior sa, 1 long psa; scutellum with 2pairs of setae, outer pair weak and setula-like. Propleu-ron with 1 pale setula and 1 black seta on lower portion.Legs yellow [fore and hind tarsomeres 3–5 broken]; forecoxa with brown base, mid coxa chiefly brown with yel-low apex, mid tarsomere 5 brownish. Setulae and setaeon legs black; fore coxa with 4 apical setae, mid coxawith 1 anterior seta, hind coxa with 1 outer seta nearmiddle. Mid and hind femora each with 1 preapical seta.Fore tibia apically with anterior comb and 3 short setae;mid tibia with 3 ad and 2 pd, apically with 3 setae; hindtibia with 1 ad and 3–4 pd, row of v along entire length,apically with anterior comb and 3 setae. All tarsomere1 each with row of short v; hind tarsomere 1 with 1 v atbase and 1 basal spur curved upwards on inner surface,apically with come-like setulae. Relative lengths of tibiaand 5 tarsomeres LI 4.6 : 2.5 : 1.6 : ? : ? : ?; LII 6.3 :3.1 : 2.0 : 1.5 : 1.0 : 0.6; LIII 7.0 : 1.2 : 2.8 : ? : ? : ?.Wing hyaline; veins dark brown, basal costal sec-

tion not thickened; R4+5 and M parallel apically; CuAxratio 0.3. Squama dark brown with black setulae. Halterdark yellow.Abdomen dark brown with grey brown pollen. Se-

tulae and setae on abdomen black.Male genitalia (Figs 23–25): Epandrium with

short, slender finger-like lateral lobe, with long api-cal seta; surstylus with thin dorsal lobe, thick middlelobe, and thin ventral lobe; cercus long and thin withpale weak basal tubercle, with 2 long apical setae; hy-pandrium short and broad, deeply trifurcated apically,symmetrical in ventral view; phallus swollen, apicallybifurcated, with 2 lateral processes.

Female. Unknown.

Material examined. Holotype – male: Yunnan: Ruili,Mengxiu (24◦00′ N; 97◦50′ E), 2.V.1981, leg. C. K. Yang(CAU).

Etymology. This species is dedicated to its collector,Dr. Chikun Yang, in the memory of this great entomol-ogist.

Differential diagnosis. The new species is similar toN. ruiliensis from Yunnan in having a large hypan-drium, but may be separated from the latter by theshort black setulae on the first flagellomere and 2 longapical setae on the cercus. In N. ruiliensis, the first flag-ellomere has long and soft setulae, and the cercus lackslong apical setae (Wang & Yang 2005).

Distribution. Known only from S China (Yunnan).

Nepalomyia zengchengensis sp. n. (Figs 26–29)

Diagnosis. First flagellomere as long as wide; 6 dc;epandrium with obtuse lateral lobe bearing 1 long api-cal seta; lateral lobes of hypandrium longer than me-dian lobe.


740 M. Wang et al.

Figs 26–29. Nepalomyia zengchengensis sp. n. male: 26 – antenna(excluding scape); 27 – hind tarsomere 1, lateral view; 28 – gen-italia, lateral view; 29 – hypandrium, ventral view.


face with pale grey pollen. Setulae and setae onhead black; postocular setae (including ventral setulae)black. Ocellar tubercle weakly raised, with 2 strong ocand 2 short posterior setulae. Antenna blackish; firstflagellomere as long as wide (Fig. 26), with distinct ven-tral apical extension; arista blackish, with long black se-tulae, with basal segment very short. Proboscis blackishwith black setulae; palpus black with black setulae and1 black apical seta.Thorax dark metallic green with grey pollen; pleu-

ron dark brown with pale grey pollen. Setulae and setaeon thorax black; 6 dc (the first dc weaker), 5–6 irregu-larly paired acr; 1 long h and 1 short setula, 1 long ph, 1somewhat short ih, 1 somewhat short su, 1 long anteriorand 1 somewhat short posterior npl, 1 somewhat shortanterior and 1 long posterior sa, 1 long psa; scutellumwith 2 pairs of setae. Propleuron without short setu-lae, but with 1 long black seta on lower portion. Legsyellow; coxae yellow, mid coxa tinged with brown ante-riorly; hind tarsomere 1 black brown. Setulae and setaeon legs black; fore coxa with 6 preapical setae, mid coxawith 4 anterior setae, hind coxa with 1 outer seta atmiddle. Fore femur with 1 short apical v; mid and hindfemora each with 1 preapical seta. Fore tibia apicallywith anterior comb and 2 setae; mid tibia with 2 adand 2 pd, apically with 4 setae; hind tibia with 1 ad,

7–8 pd and row of short v, apically with anterior comband 3 setae. Hind tarsomere 1 (Fig. 27) with thick basalspur directed upwards. Relative lengths of tibia and 5tarsomeres: LI 3.0 : 2.2 : 1.6 : 1.2 : 0.5 : 0.5; LII 4.7 :2.6 : 1.5 : 1.3 : 0.8 : 0.4; LIII 5.0 : 1.4 : 2.4 : 1.8 : 1.0 :0.5.Wing hyaline, tinged greyish; veins dark brown;

basal costal section not thickened; R4+5 and M slightlyconvergent apically; CuAx ratio 0.36. Squama brownishwith long black setulae. Halter brown with yellow stem.Abdomen metallic green with grey brown pollen.

Setulae and setae on abdomen black; venter with somepale setulae.Male genitalia (Figs 28–29): Epandrium with ob-

tuse lateral lobe bearing long apical seta; surstylus withthin dorsal lobe obtuse and curved apically, thick mid-dle lobe acute apically, and thin ventral lobe curvedapically; cercus with sparse pale setulae, lacking basaltubercle; hypandrium with narrow base and broad tri-furcated apex, lateral lobe longer than median lobe;phallus long with curved apex.

Female. Unknown.

Material examined. Holotype – male: Guangdong:Zengcheng, Nankunshan National Nature Reserve (23◦18′

N; 113◦49′ E), 12.V.2004, leg. D. Yang (CAU).

Etymology. The specific name refers to the type loca-tion, Zengcheng (Guangdong).

Differential diagnosis. The new species is very simi-lar to N. biseta sp. n. in having the first flagellomere aslong as wide and the lateral lobes of the hypandriumdistinctly longer than the median lobe, but may be sep-arated from the latter by the costa not thickened andthe epandrial lateral lobe with a long apical seta. In N.biseta, the costa is thickened between R1 and R2+3 andthe epandrial lateral lobe has 2 long apical setae.


Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Dr. Chikun Yang, Mr. XingyueLiu, Ms. Yanling Xu and Ms. Junhua Zhang (CAU, Beijing)for collecting specimens and help in many ways. The com-ments of an anonymous reviewer are greatly appreciated.This research is supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China (No. 30225009).

References

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Received December 30, 2006Accepted June 21, 2007


Revision of the Nepalomyia pallipilosa species group (diptera, dolichopodidae, Peloropeodinae)

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