Revised

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN

151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF WIRELESS TELEPHONE TO METRO MANILA

USERS

________________________

A Research PaperPresented To

Dr. Luningning D. FerrerCollege of Liberal Arts and Sciences

Languages AreaColegio De San Juan De Letran

________________________

In Partial FulfillmentOf the course requirement

In English 103

________________________

ByIrah Jane Dela Cruz

Maureen Isabelle FernandoRyan Hipolito

Yurie PilleFM1B

_____________________March 2010

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

CHAPTER 1

1. INTRODUCTION

“The Effectiveness of Wireless Telephone to Metro Manila Users”

In this modern society, the demand for communication technology continues to increase. From snail mails to electronic mails and from beepers to cellular phones show that communication plays an important role to people because it connects them to their love ones, business associates and friends. It enables them to express their thoughts, feelings and reasons.

Due to the researchers’ interest on communication technology devices, they decided to study about “Wireless Telephone”. This is one of the early technologies that started around 1980’s. It is a basically a combination of a telephone and a radio transmitter that enable the user to carry it from one place to another, unlike corded telephones which limits their movement as they use it. And since many people utilize wireless telephone in their everyday living, the researchers would like to research on its effectiveness as a tool for communication.

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Communication is something that everybody does everywhere,

Although, just because everyone is communicating it doesn't mean that we all

completely understand what each other are saying, both in movements and in

speech. This is justifiable as we all have different ways of thinking and

perceive things differently.

“Wireless Telephones: Designed For Talking, Used For Just About

Everything. “

Because of continuing attempts to find better and more efficient ways to

communicate, the process of communication has steadily improved. Before,

human beings' earliest attempts at communication were through nonverbal

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

signs, prehistoric people were able to communicate emotions such as fear,

anger, and happiness.

In today’s society, ways of communicating to one another evolves. From

the invention of the landline telephone, wireless technology has been a dream

to people who like to stay in touch and communicate with the ones they love

without having to be tied down to one location.

This study aims to help the readers to learn some of the very basic

information about the aspects of wireless telephone technology which will be

very helpful to them because through it, they will discover the advantages and

disadvantages of using wireless telephones, and the factors that affect its

functionality. With these, the readers who are planning to avail this technology

in the future will be able to decide well if the money they will spend for it will

be worth it.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This research aims to know the effectiveness of Wireless telephone,

particularly its advantages and disadvantages. And because of the fact that it

is one of the well used communication device in Metro Manila, the

researchers have the purpose to find out how a wireless telephone can

influence and affect the lifestyle of the users.

This research study sought to answer the following questions:

1.2.1 What is Wireless Telephone?

1.2.2 What are the limitations in using a wireless telephone?

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

1.2.3 Where does wireless telephone originate?

1.2.4 How does wireless telephone works?

1.2.5 What is the difference of wireless telephone from cell phone?

1.2.6 Why do we need to use wireless telephone if many Filipinos use cell phone?

1.2.7 Who are the wireless telephone providers in Metro Manila?

1.2.8 How much does wireless telephone subscription in each wireless telephone provider’s costs?

1.2.9 Does the use of wireless telephone worth your money and time?

1.2.10 Are there new innovations regarding wireless technology in Metro Manila?

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The general objective of this research is to pin- point the advantages and

disadvantages of wireless telephone when it is being used by the Metro

Manila users and how do it affect their lifestyle. The researchers would also

like to know if the users find it more convenient to use compared to other

devices such as cellular phones and more. This study also aims to inform the

readers about the current performance of wireless telephones which will be

based on the survey to be conducted by the researchers to the respondents.

The following are the specific objectives of the study:

1.3.1 The researchers want to distinguish how wireless telephone works.

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

1.3.2 The researchers aim to know the importance of Wireless Telephone to communication.

1.3.3 The researchers want to help people decide if the use of wireless telephones would be worth their money and time if they plan to use it.

1.3.4 The researchers would like to identify the advantages and disadvantages of using wireless telephone with the aid from their respondents.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Wireless Telephone is one of the modes of communication available in

this fast changing world. Through it, people are able to communicate to one

another from separate places. They are able to share information from one

place to another and are able to exercise their right to freely express

themselves. But just like in the process of communication wherein the

message is not always send clearly to the receiver due to different factors like

noise, Wireless telephones does not always represent an accurate

functionality when it is used. Base on observation, some people experience

poor sound quality and weak network which deprive them from receiving their

incoming calls and from making their outgoing calls when they use it.

Through this study, the researchers will try to know the point of view of

the Metro Manila users of Wireless telephone with regard to its effectiveness.

And by the support of other related information such as how wireless telephone

functions and the factors that affect its efficiency, this study will then be useful

to the readers who plan to purchase wireless telephones today or in the future

because they can use this study as their guide in making a wise decision.

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This study focuses on the Effectiveness of Wireless Telephones to Metro

Manila Users wherein the advantages and disadvantages of its functionality

will be primarily discussed.

The 30 respondents of this study are the Metro Manila subscribers and

Metro Manila potential subscribers of wireless telephone service, aging 25

years old to 60 years old, in random number of male and female, and all are

living in Metro Manila. Specifically, 8 of them are living in Caloocan City,

another 8 are living in Quezon City, and 8 respondents in Las Pinas City,

while 6 of the remaining respondents are in Manila.

1.6 HYPOTHESIS

With the study on the efficiency of wireless telephones to Metro Manila users, the researchers draw their hypothesis on the possible situations that the Metro Manila users might be experiencing.

The following are the researchers’ educated guesses:

1.6.1 Wireless telephone users are very particular with the subscription costs and their providers.

1.6.2 Majority of the respondents are using wireless telephone for business purposes.

1.6.3 Majority of the respondents prefer to use cellular phones than wireless telephones.

1.6.4 Majority of the respondents experience poor sound quality when conversing through the wireless telephone.

1.6.5 40% of the respondents may find wireless telephones worth their money and the other 60% find it expensive.

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

1.6.7 Majority of the users’ experience their wireless telephones to be out of reach by the incoming callers.

1.6.8 Majority of the respondents experience the case wherein they cannot find a strong network to make an outgoing call.

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Wireless Having no wire or wires; specifically: operating by means of

transmitted electromagnetic waves. Cordless Of or relating to radiotelephony, radiotelegraphy, or radio <a

wireless phone> 

Of or relating to data communications using radio waves <wireless Internet access>.

Wireless communication 

Wireless communication is the transfer of information over a distance without the use of electrical conductors or "wires”. The distances involved may be short (a few meters as in television remote control) or long (thousands or millions of kilometers for radio communications). When the context is clear, the term is often shortened to "wireless". Wireless communication is generally considered to be a branch of telecommunications.

Wireless network 

Wireless network refers to any type of computer network that is wireless, and is commonly associated with a telecommunications network whose interconnections between nodes is implemented without the use of wires.[1] Wireless telecommunications networks are generally implemented with some type of remote information transmission system that uses electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves, for the carrier and this implementation usually takes place at the physical level or "layer" of the network.

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

Signal

The use of signals for controlling communications.

The information exchange concerning the establishment and control

of a telecommunication circuit and the management of the network, in

contrast to user information transfer.

The sending of a signal from the transmitting end of a

telecommunication circuit to inform a user at the receiving end that a

message is to be sent.

Interference

In communications and electronics, especially in telecommunications,

interference is anything which alters, modifies, or disrupts a signal as it travels

along a channel between a source and a receiver. The term typically refers to the

addition of unwanted signals to a useful signal. Common examples are:

Electromagnetic interference (EMI)

Co-channel interference (CCI), also known as crosstalk

Adjacent-channel interference (ACI)

Intersymbol interference (ISI)

Inter-carrier interference (ICI), caused by doppler shift in OFDM modulation

(multitone modulation).

Common-mode interference (CMI)

Conducted interference

Interference is typically but not always distinguished from noise, for

example white thermal noise.

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

LandlineA landline is a line of communication (as by telephone cable) on

land.

Subscription The act of signing one's name (as in attesting or witnessing a

document).

Something that is subscribed: as  a: an autograph signature; also : a paper to which a signature is attached b : a sum subscribed or pledged.

 An arrangement for providing, receiving, or making use of something of a continuing or periodic nature on a prepayment plan:

As  a purchase by prepayment for a certain number of issues (as of a periodical) 

Application to purchase securities of a new issue c: a method of offering or presenting a series of public performances.

Subscribe Transitive verb: to write (one's name) underneath: SIGN. To sign (as a document) with one's own hand in token of

consent or obligation.  To attest by signing.  To pledge (a gift or contribution) by writing one's name with

the amount. To assent to: SUPPORT. Intransitive verb: to sign one's name to a document. To give consent or approval to something written by

signing <unwilling to subscribe to the agreement>. To set one's name to a paper in token of promise to give

something (as a sum of money); also: to give something in accordance with such a promise. 

Provider Someone whose business is to supply a particular service or

commodity. Someone who provides the means for subsistence.

Noun: supplier, giver, source, donor, benefactor.

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

Frequency

Because your cordless phone is a radio transmitter/receiver, it operates on various radio frequencies, which are set by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) as with any other radio. Cordless phones operate over three major frequency bands (base and receiver use two closely related but separate frequencies within the band so that you can talk and listen at the same time):

43-50 MHz 900 MHz 2.4 GHz 5.8 GHz

The 43-50 MHz band was common to early cordless telephones and is still available in low-cost models. Because of the low frequency, these phones have short ranges (about 1,000 ft / 330 m) and poorer sound quality (due to interference from structures and appliances). The 43-50 MHz phone signals can also be picked up easily on radio scanners and nearby baby monitors.

The 900 MHz band (actually 900-928 MHz) is the most common frequency for cordless phones today. The higher frequency gives it a greater range (5,000 to 7,000 ft / 1,500 to 2,100 m) and better sound quality. However, 900 MHz signals can be picked up easily by most commercially available radio scanners.

In 1998, the FCC opened up the 2.4 GHz range for cordless phone use. A 2.4 GHz or 5.8 GHz cordless phone can operate over a greater distance and is above the frequencies that can be picked up by most commercially available radio scanners; therefore, it is more secure than lower frequency models.

Channels Each frequency band (43-50 MHz, 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz or 5.8 GHz) can be subdivided into different increments or channels. For example, on some models, when you're talking on your 900 MHz phone, the base searches for a pair of frequencies (channels) within that range, that is not already in use, in order to talk to the handset. So, if the base is capable of searching more increments, it can more easily find a frequency pair that is clear from interference, providing better sound quality. The number of cordless phone channels can vary as follows:

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN 151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

CHAPTER 2

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 FOREIGN LITERATURE

HISTORY OF WIRELESS TELEPHONE

According to http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/cordless- telephone6.htm:

Cordless phones first appeared around 1980. The earliest cordless phones operated at a frequency of 27 MHz. They had the following problems:

limited range

poor sound quality - noisy and ridden with static because walls and appliances interfered with the signals

poor security - people could easily intercept signals from another cordless phone because of the limited number of channels

In 1986, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) granted the frequency range of 47-49 MHz for cordless phones, which improved their interference problem and reduced the power needed to run them. However, the phones still had a limited range and poor sound quality.

Because the 43-50 MHz cordless phone frequency was becoming increasingly crowded, the FCC granted the frequency range of 900 MHz in 1990. This higher frequency allowed cordless phones to be clearer, broadcast a longer distance and choose from more channels. However, cordless phones were still quite expensive, about $400.

In 1994, digital cordless phones in the 900 MHz frequency range were introduced. Digital signals allowed the phones to be more secure and decreased eavesdropping -- it was pretty easy to eavesdrop on analog cordless phone conversations. In 1995, digital spread spectrum (DSS) was introduced for

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

cordless phones. This technology enabled the digital information to spread in pieces over several frequencies between the receiver and the base, thereby making it almost impossible to eavesdrop on the cordless conversations.

In 1998, the FCC opened up the 2.4 GHz range for cordless phone use. This frequency has increased the distance over which a cordless phone can operate, and brought it out of the frequency range of most radio scanners, thereby further increasing security.

According to http://www.yourdictionary.com/telecom/cordless-telephone:

At a time when most people unthinkingly make phone calls from their cell

phones wherever they happen to be, few know that the first cordless phone

was invented by a jazz musician named Teri Pall. She invented the cordless

phone in 1965 but could not market her invention as it had only a two mile

range. Although she sold her rights to the cordless phone, Teri Pall is

recognized as having revolutionized cordless communications.

George Sweigert, an amateur radio operator and inventor from Cleveland,

Ohio, is largely recognized as the father of the cordless phone. He submitted

a patent application in 1966 for a "full duplex wireless communications

appartus"[sic]. The US Patent and Trademark Office awarded him a patent in

June 1969 (see below: Patents). Sweigert, a radio operator in World War II

stationed at the South Pacific Islands of Guadalcanal and Bouganville,

developed the full duplex-concept for untrained personnel, to improve

battlefield communications for senior commanders. He was also licensed as

W8ZIS and N9LC in the amateur radio service. He also held a First Class

Radiotelephone Operator's Permit issued by the Federal Communications

Commission.

Sweigert was an active proponent for directly coupling consumer

electronics to the AT&T-owned telephone lines in the late 1960s (which was

banned at the time). The Carterphone, a crude device for interconnecting a

two-way radio with the telephone, led to the reversal of the Federal

Communications Commission ban on direct coupling of consumer equipment

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

to phone lines (known as the 1968 landmark Carterphone decision) on June

26, 1968. The original cordless phones, like the Carterphone, were

acoustically (not electrically) connected to the Public Switched Telephone

Network (PSTN).

In the 1980s, a number of manufacturers, including Sony, introduced

cordless phones for the consumer market. Typically, they used a base station

that was connected to a telephone line and a handset with a microphone,

speaker, keypad, and telescoping antenna. The handset contained a

rechargeable battery, typically NiCd; the base unit was powered by household

current, typically via a wall wart. The base included a charging cradle, which

was generally a form of trickle charger, on which the handset rested when not

in use.

Some cordless telephones now utilize two rechargeable AA or AAA cells

in place of the more expensive traditional proprietary telephone batteries.

Cordless phones became commercially feasible in the United States only with

the breakup of the Bell System's monopoly on land-line telephone service

around 1984. Before the breakup, all telephones were made by Western

Electric and rented to the customer.[dubious ]

Since the 1980s, several companies have entered the cordless-phone

market: VTech, Uniden,Philips, Gigaset and Panasonic. They advertise many

new features: a few provided by the phone and most provided by the network.

Frequencies

In the United States, seven frequency bands have been allocated by

the Federal Communications Commission for uses that include cordless

phones. These are:

1.7 MHz (1.64 MHz to 1.78 MHz & up to 5 Channels, AM System)[1]

43–50 MHz (Base: 43.72-46.97 MHz, Handset: 48.76-49.99 MHz,

allocated in 1986 for 10 channels, and later 25 Channels, FM System)

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

900 MHz (902–928 MHz) (allocated in 1990)

1.9 GHz (1880–1900 MHz) (used for DECT communications outside the

U.S.)

1.9 GHz (1920-1930 MHz) (developed in 1993 and allocated U.S. in

October 2005)

2.4 GHz (allocated in 1998)

5.8 GHz (allocated in 2003 due to crowding on the 2.4 GHz band).

1.7 MHz cordless phones were the earliest models available at retailers,

generally identifiable by their large metal telescoping antennas. Channel

selection had to be done manually by the user, and transmitted just above the

AM broadcast band. These models are no longer in production, and are

considered obsolete due to being very susceptible to eavesdropping and to

interference, especially from fluorescent lighting and automobile ignitions.

43-50 MHz cordless phones had a large install base by the early 1990s,

and featured shorter bendable antennas plus auto channel selection. Due to

their popularity, an over crowding of the band led to an allocation of additional

frequencies, thus manufacturers were able to sell models with 25 available

channels instead of just 10 channels. Despite being less susceptible to

interference, these models are no longer in production and are considered

obsolete because these frequencies are easily heard on practically any radio

scanner. Advanced models began to use voice inversion as a basic form of

scrambling to help limit unauthorized eavesdropping.

900 MHz cordless phones are still sold today and have a huge install base,

features include even shorter antennas, up to 30 auto selecting channels, and higher

resistance to interference. Available in three varieties: analog, digital, and digital

spread spectrum, with most being sold today as budget analog models.

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

While analog models are still susceptible to eavesdropping, scanners

that have the ability to scan this spectrum can no longer be manufactured

legally, but older models can still be legally purchased that are fully capable of

intercepting phone calls. Digital variants can still be scanned, but are received

as a digital hiss and therefore are sufficiently difficult to eavesdrop upon that

personal information can be safely discussed. Because of the nature of

digital, these models are also immune to static interference but can

experience signal fade (brief silence) as the phone goes out of range of the

base. Digital Spread Spectrum (DSS) variants spread their signal over a

range of frequencies providing more resistance to signal fade. Additionally the

FCC only allows DSS model phones to transmit at the full power of 1 watt,

which allows increased range over analog and digital models.

Virtually all telephones sold in the US use the 900 MHz, 1.9 GHz, 2.4-

GHz, or 5.8 GHz bands, though legacy phones can remain in use on the older

bands. There is no specific requirement for any particular transmission mode

on 900, 1.9, 2.4, and 5.8, but in practice, virtually all newer 900 MHz phones

are inexpensive analog models with digital features such as DSSS and FHSS

generally available only on the higher frequencies.

Some cordless phones advertised as 5.8 GHz actually transmit from

base to phone on 5.8 GHz and transmit from phone to base on 2.4 GHz or

900 MHz, to conserve battery life inside the phone.

The recently allocated 1.9 GHz band is used by the

popular DECT phone standard and is considered more secure than the other

shared frequencies.

Performance

Manufacturers usually advertise that higher frequency systems improve

audio quality and range. Higher frequencies actually have worse propagation

in the ideal case, as shown by the basic Friis transmission equation, and path

loss tends to increase at higher frequencies as well. More important

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

influences on quality and range are signal strength, antenna quality, the

method of modulation used, and interference, which varies locally.

"Plain old telephone service" (POTS) landlines are designed to transfer

audio with a quality that is just enough for the parties to understand each

other. Typical bandwidth is 3.6 kHz; only a fraction of the frequencies that

humans can hear, but enough to make the voice intelligible. No phone can

improve on this quality, as it is a limitation of the phone system itself. Higher-

quality phones can transfer this signal to the handset with less interference

over a greater range, however. Most cordless telephones, though, no matter

what frequency band or transmission method is used, will hardly ever exactly

match the sound quality of a high-quality wired telephone attached to a

good telephone line.

This constraint is caused by a number of issues, including the following:

1. Side tone : hearing one's own voice echoed in the receiver speaker

2. A noticeable amount of constant background noise (This is not

interference from outside sources, but noise within the cordless telephone

system.)

3. Frequency response  not being the full frequency response available in a

wired landline telephone

Most manufacturers claim a range of about 30 m (100 ft) for their

2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz systems, but inexpensive models often fall short of this

claim.

However, the higher frequency often brings advantages. The 900 MHz and 2.4 GHz band are increasingly being used for a host of other devices, including baby monitor, microwave oven,Bluetooth, wireless LAN; thus, it is likely that a cordless phone will suffer interference from signals broadcast by those devices. It is also possible for a cordless phone to interfere with the802.11a wireless standard, as the 802.11a standard can be configured to

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

operate in the 5.8 GHz range. However, this can easily be fixed by

configuring the device to work in the 5.180 GHz to 5.320 GHz band.

The recently allocated 1.9 GHz band is reserved for use by phones that use

the DECT standard, which should avoid interference issues that are

increasingly being seen in the unlicensed900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, and 5.8 GHz

bands.

Many cordless phones in the early 21st century are digital. Digital

technology has helped provide clear sound and limit eavesdropping. Many

cordless phones have one main base station and can add up to 3 or 4

additional bases. This allows for multiple voice paths that allow 3-

wayconference calls between the bases. This technology also allows multiple

handsets to be used at the same time and up to 2 handsets can have an

outside conversation.

Security

Many analog phone signals are easily picked up by radio scanners,

allowing anyone within range to listen in on conversations (though this is

illegal in many countries). Though many such analog models are still

produced, modern digital technology is available to reduce the risk of

eavesdropping. Digital Spread Spectrum (DSS) typically uses frequency

hopping to spread the audio signal (with a 3 kHz bandwidth) over a much

wider range of frequencies in pseudorandom way. Spreading the signal out

over a wider bandwidth is a form of redundancy, and increases the signal-to-

noise ratio, yielding longer range and less susceptibility to interference.

Higher frequency bands provide more room for these wide-bandwidth signals.

To an analog receiver like a scanner, a DSS signal sounds like bursts of

noise. Only the base unit with the same pseudorandom number

generator can receive the signal, and it chooses from one of thousands of

such unique generators each time the handset is returned to the cradle.

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

Additionally, the digital nature of the signal increases its tolerance to

noise, and some even encrypt the digital signal for even more security.

Wireless phone handsets

Wireless phone handsets exist, designed for connection with a local

wired service, not using traditional mobile-phone networks, most commonly

using digital technologies: namely, DECT, 2.4 GHz unlicensed spectrum

or 802.11a/b/g standards-based wireless LAN technology. The wireless

phone handset (per definition) must connect to a wireless access

point or station that supports the same technology. Also required is a call

management function and a gateway to the public switched telephony

network (PSTN), this may or may not be integrated in the base-station.

Analog equivalents do exist and can provide longer reach, but with potential

loss of confidentiality and voice quality. Most digital systems have

inherent encryption or offer optional encryption.

The history of wireless telephone could help the readers and the

researchers learn about the background of the topic, and by this, they

will be able to know where and how wireless telephone originated. They

would also know how does it function and how it will help them in their

daily task. 

THE ANATOMY OF WIRELESS TELEPHONES AND THE FUNCTIONS OF

EACH

According to http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/cordless- telephone6.htm:

To illustrate the parts of a cordless telephone, we will show you the inside of this one from General Electric (GE). It was made in 1993 and operated in the 43-50 MHz range.

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

As mentioned above, all cordless phones have a base and a handset. Let's look at these parts individually.

Base The base unit of the cordless phone is plugged into the telephone jack on your wall.

phone line interface - receives and sends telephone signals through the phone line

radio - amplifies signals to and from phone-line interface, user controls

and speaker phone (if present) - broadcasts and receives radio signals to and from the handset

power - supplies low voltage power to the circuits and recharges the battery

of the handset.

Figure 1.2 Circuit board in the base of the GE cordless phone

Phone Line Interface

Phone line interface components do two things. First, they send the ringer signal to the bell (if it's on the base) or to the radio components for broadcast to the handset. This lets you know that you have an incoming call. Second, they receive and send small changes in the phone line's electrical current to and from the radio components of the base. When you talk, you cause small changes in the electrical current of the phone line, and these

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

changes get sent to your caller. The same happens when the caller talks to you.

Radio Components

The radio components receive the electrical signals from the phone line interface and user controls (keypads, buttons). The radio components convert the signals to radio waves and broadcast them via the antenna. Radio components use quartz crystals to set the radio frequencies for sending and receiving. There are two quartz crystals, one for sending signals and one for receiving signals. Remember that the base and handset operate on a frequency pair that allows you to talk and listen at the same time (duplex). The radio components include an audio amplifier that increases the strength of the incoming electrical signals.

Power Components

A DC power cube transformer supplies the low voltage required by the electrical components on the circuit board. The power components on the circuit board work with the power cube to supply electrical current to re-charge the battery of the handset.

In addition to the above components, some bases also have audio amplifiers to drive speakers for speaker phone features, keypads for dialing, liquid crystal displays (LCDs) for caller ID, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for power/charging indicators, and solid state memory for answering machine or call-back features.

Handset

You can carry the handset with you throughout the house or outside within the range of the base transmitter. The handset has all of the equipment of a standard telephone (speaker, microphone, dialing keypad), plus the equipment of an FM radio transmitter/receiver.

When you open up the handset, you see these components:

speaker - converts electrical signals into the sound that you hear microphone - picks up your voice and changes it to electrical signals keypad - input for dialing

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

buzzer or ringer - lets you know that you have an incoming call radio components

- amplify electrical signals to and from microphone and speakers

- send and receive FM radio frequencies LCD or LED displays - indicator lights re-chargeable battery - supplies electrical power to handset

Figure 1.3 Parts of the GE cordless phone's handset, showing the backs of the circuit boards, the speaker, microphone, ringer and battery

Speaker

The speaker receives the electrical signals from the audio amplifier in the radio components and converts them into sound. When you remove the cover from the speaker, you see a large round permanent magnet with a hole in the middle and a deep groove surrounding the hole. Within this deep groove is a coil of fine copper wire that is attached to a thin plastic membrane. The plastic membrane covers the magnet and coil.

To hear sounds, the following events happen:

1. Electrical signals come from the radio components. - The electrical signals travel in the coil of copper wire. - The electrical signals induce magnetic currents in the coil of wire, thereby making it an electromagnet.

2. The electromagnetic coil moves in and out of the groove within the permanent magnet.

3. The coil moves the attached plastic membrane in and out at the same frequencies as the changes in electric currents.

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

4. The movements of the membrane move air at the same frequencies, thereby creating sound waves that you can hear.

Microphone

The microphone changes the sound waves from your voice into electrical signals that are sent to the audio amplifier of the radio components. A microphone is essentially a speaker that works in reverse. When sound waves from your voice move the membrane, they make tiny electric currents either by moving a coil of wire within a magnet or by compressing the membrane against carbon dust.

Keypad

The keypad allows you to dial a number. It transfers the pressure from your fingertip on the appropriate key into an electrical signal that it sends to the radio components. Below the rubber keypad is a circuit board with black conductive material under each button (shown above). The keypad works like a remote control. When you press a button, it makes a contact with the black material and changes its electrical conductance. The conductance sends an electrical signal to the radio components indicating that you have selected that number.

Buzzer or Ringer

When the radio components of the handset receive the ringer signal from the base, they send electrical signals to the buzzer. The buzzer changes those electrical signals into sound much like the speaker does. You hear the buzzer sound and know that someone is calling you. In some phones, the speaker is used to make the ringer sound and there is no need for a separate ringer.

Radio Components

The radio components of the handset are like those of the base -- they convert electrical signals from the microphone into FM radio signals and broadcast them at the same frequency as the receiving crystal of the base unit. The radio components also receive radio signals at the same frequency as the broadcasting crystal from the base, convert them to electrical signals and send them to the speaker and/or buzzer (ringer).

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

the speaker is used to make the ringer sound and there is no need for a separate ringer.

Radio Components

The radio components of the handset are like those of the base -- they convert electrical signals from the microphone into FM radio signals and broadcast them at the same frequency as the receiving crystal of the base unit. The radio components also receive radio signals at the same frequency as the broadcasting crystal from the base, convert them to electrical signals and send them to the speaker and/or buzzer (ringer).

Remember that the base and handset operate on a duplex frequency pair that allows you to talk and listen at the same time.

LCD or LED Displays

Most handsets have one or more light-emitting diodes (LED) that indicate various things, such as when the phone has an open line or when the battery is low.

Battery

The handset's battery supplies the power for all of the electrical components in the handset. All cordless phone handsets have a rechargeable battery (nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride or lithium). When the battery runs low, an indicator light on the handset usually lights up or flashes. In some phones, a "beeping" sound may also indicate a low battery. You then recharge the battery on the base of the cordless phone.

The GE cordless phone that we dissected was from 1993. Modern cordless phones have the same functions and much of the same hardware. However, many of the electronic circuits that were once achieved with transistors, resistors and capacitors have been replaced with integrated circuits. This advancement allows the handset to be either smaller with the same functions or the same size with more functions.

In summary, a cordless phone is basically a combination of a telephone and an FM radio transmitter/receiver. Because it is a radio transmitter, it

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

broadcasts signals over the open airways rather than specifically between the base and handset.

This information about the different parts and functions of a basic wireless telephone relates to one of the questions which are in the statement of the problem, “How wireless telephone works?” through this, the researchers will be able to understand what comprises the functionality of wireless telephones and how each part affects the entire performance.

EFFICIENCY OF WIRELESS TELEPHONES

According to http://www.ablecomm.com/corphonran.html:

Numbers are very important to most human beings, especially men.

The male homo sapiens likes to know that his car has more horsepower, his stereo has more watts, his PC has more RAM, his satellite receiver has more channels, his TV has more inches... than the guy's next door.

With cordless phones, range is the important number, even though it's almost always unimportant.

Most people seldom take a cordless handset more than 20 feet from its base. 100 feet will take you far beyond most homes, and a football field is just 300 feet long... yet lots of people are asking for phones that can go a mile.

It's tough to find a cordless with that kind of CONSISTENT range. The EnGenius DuraFon has the longest range of any cordless phone that can legally be used in the US, and its range can be 1/2 mile to 5 miles or even more, depending on conditions.

That brings us to an important point. Back when gasoline was scarce (the first time, not because of Hurricane Katrina), lots of car commercials bragged about gas mileage, and then weaseled-out by stating that "your mileage may vary." It's that way with cordless phones, too. The advertised ranges are seldom equaled in the real world; and the same phone may behave very differently in two places, or even in the same place on two different days.

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

You may hear about cordless phones that can reach 30 miles or more. They are illegal to use in the United States.

SOME BASIC SCIENCE: With all else being equal, radio transmissions with higher frequencies, have shorter range than lower frequencies.

That's why UHF (ultra high frequency) TV stations don't reach as far as VHF (very high frequency) TV stations; and why FM stations (transmitting in the 88 - 108 megahertz band) don't reach as far as AM stations using the 540 - 1600 kilohertz band. Don't believe advertising claims about 2.4GHz phones providing extra long range.

Many phone makers now offer cordless phones that operate in the 5.8GHz band. This new higher frequency is not likely to provide important performance advantages.

In 2002, in an interview for TWICE, a consumer electronics trade magazine, VTech's cordless product manager Brad Pittmon said, "The market needed something new. The 5.8GHz frequency will take the positioning previously occupied by 2.4GHz DSS as the early adopter product, leaving 2.4GHz to the mass market. We are now gearing our 2.4GHz products to women and family users as opposed to the tech savvy."

On the other hand, Panasonic's consumer phone product manager Wayne Borg told AbleComm that 5.8GHz has a couple of real advantages: it won't pick up interference from microwave ovens, and won't cause interference with wireless networks or security systems.

The situation got more complicated in 2006, with the introduction of "DECT 6.0" cordless phones that operate in the 1.9GHz band. Unlike 2.4Ghz cordless, DECT 6.0 phones are virtually immune to household interference, and vice versa. If you have a wireless computer network in your home, DECT 6.0 won't disrupt your internet use.

Almost any modern cordless phone, except for obvious junk, can provide decent voice quality a hundred feet from the base -- more than enough for most users.

Cordless phones are generally able to maintain an existing conversation at a greater distance than they are able to start a conversation, and can ring at greater distances than they permit talking.

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

When you move around while using an analog cordless phone, near the end of its range, you will probably hear a "fluttering" sh-sh-sh sound.In the same conditions, while using a digital phone, you will probably hear clicks. Near the range limit of any cordless phone, slight movements and

changes in position can make a big difference in performance. If you put your head between the handset and the base, you may lose the signal, but if you turn to let the handset be in line-of-sight with the base, it may work just fine.

Dense vegetation limits range, and wet leaves are worse than dry leaves.

Broadleaf trees (hardwoods such as oak, maple and birch) limit range more than conifers (softwoods such as pine, fir and cedar).

If you can get the base up high, you will probably get more range.

(last update 30 MAY 2007)

This information relates to the study because it discusses about the efficiency of wireless telephones. The disadvantages being experienced by the users in U.S were almost the same as what Metro Manila users experienced. Both users must have to consider the range before making an outgoing call and both have to find a stronger signal before doing so and before receiving an incoming call.

According to http://www.privacyrights.org/fs/fs2-wire.htm:Copyright © 1994-2010Privacy Rights Clearinghouse / UCAN Posted October 1994Revised November 2008

Wireless Communications: Voice and Data Privacy

Wireless phones are very popular, and the number of people who use them is steadily growing. There are over 200 million subscribers in the U.S. But even though wireless devices have many advantages, privacy is not one of them.

Depending on the kind of phone you use, others can listen to calls you make. Pagers can also be intercepted. And if your computer is connected to a wireless network ('Wi-Fi'), the data you transmit to other computers and printers might not be secure. It pays to be aware of the privacy and fraud implications of using wireless devices. A few simple precautions will enable you to detect and prevent fraud as well as to safeguard the privacy of your communications. This guide covers:

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

Cordless Phones Other Wireless Devices with Privacy Risks Cellular Phones Pagers and Other Messaging Devices Laws Regarding Wireless Eavesdropping Wireless Data Networks and Wi-Fi "Hotspots" Resources for More Information

CORDLESS TELEPHONES

Cordless phones operate like mini-radio stations. They send radio signals from the base unit to the handset and from the handset back to the base. These signals can travel as far as a mile from the phone's location.

Can other people listen to my cordless phone conversations?

Yes, depending on the kind of phone you use. In most cases, your cordless phone conversations are probably overheard only briefly and accidentally. But there are people who make it a hobby to listen to cordless phone calls using radio scanners. These devices pick up the full range of wireless transmissions from emergency and law enforcement agencies, aircraft, mobile systems, weather reports, utilities maintenance services, among others. Signals from analog cordless phones can also be picked up by other devices including baby monitors, some walkie-talkies, and other cordless phones.

Newer digital cordless phones have better security, but cheaper or older phones have few if any security features. Anyone using a radio scanner can eavesdrop on older analog cordless phone calls, even if the phone has multiple channels.

What privacy features should I look for in a cordless phone?

When you shop for a new cordless phone, ask the sales clerk for an explanation of the privacy and security features. Read the product descriptions on the box, and visit the manufacturer's web site to obtain more information.

Cordless phones that operate on the higher frequencies (1.9 GHz, 2.4 GHz, or 5.8 GHz (pronounced megahertz and gigahertz) are more secure, especially if they use digital spread spectrum technology (DSST) or digital

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

enhanced cordless technology (DECT). DECT technology has the advantage of less interference with other devices because DECT operates exclusively at 1.9 GHz, a frequency that is not utilized by other devices. But don't get a false sense of security that your conversations are totally immune from monitoring. Skilled hobbyists and determined professionals can monitor just about anything.

The fact that laws prohibit eavesdropping (discussed below) is rarely a deterrent. Unless the eavesdropper reveals details of the monitored conversations to you, it's virtually impossible to know if others are listening.

Since others can listen to cordless phone conversations, you should avoid discussing financial or other sensitive personal information. If you buy something over a cordless phone and give your credit card number and expiration date, you might end up the victim of credit card fraud.

Another security feature to look for is digital security codes. Both the handset and the base must have the same code in order to communicate. Look for phones that randomly assign a new digital code every time the handset is returned to the base.

Security codes do not prevent monitoring by radio scanners. But they do keep people nearby with similar handsets from attaching to your phone line to make their own calls and driving up your long distance bill. If your phone does not automatically change the security code for you after each use, remember to change it yourself. Do not use the security code set by the factory. Professional eavesdroppers know to search for those codes.

Don't be confused into thinking that just because your cordless phone has many channels it is more secure. However, if the phone automatically changes the frequency during communications, called channel hopping, it does provide more security by making it difficult for the eavesdropper to follow the call from one channel (frequency) to the next.

Beware of so-called security features that simply distort the analog signal. They make eavesdropping difficult but not impossible.

High-tech cordless phones are more expensive. If your budget is limited and you are not able to purchase a phone with these security features, remember to use a standard wired phone for all sensitive communications, including financial transactions. Be sure both you and the person you are talking to are on standard phones.

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

This information tackles about the important factors that a person must consider when he/ she decides to subscribe to a wireless telephone service. This is essential to the study because one of the aims of this research is to guide people to make a wise decision if they plan to subscribe in this kind of service.

INNOVATIONS IN WIRELESS TELEPHONES

According to Assistech Special Needs:

Cordless telephones for the impaired

“If you are hard of hearing, why would want to buy a generic cordless phone with loud volume from your local chain store? You need a branded amplified telephone from Assistech. We carry amplified cordless phones by Clarity, ClearSounds, Serene Innovations, Uniden, Vtech, and other brands, and we ship on the same day. Plus, we give you 30 days to try any of our amplified cordless phones!

Voice transmission frequency is an important element on amplified cordless phones. A higher frequency (e.g. 5.8 GHz) means you can walk with your phone farther away from the base than if you were on a 900 MHz cordless unit.

Get yourself an amplified cordless phone today and enjoy talking to your friends and family again!.”

Oricom PRO900 Corded & Cordless COMBO Pack

Sonic Innovations - Amplified Cordless Phone with Integrated digital answering system.

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

Key Features & Benefits

High quality components and innovative acoustic design combine to provide crystal clear amplified conversations

One touch boost button provides up to 30 decibels of amplification making calls louder and easier to understand

Two user profiles can be programmed to control earpiece receiver equaliser and amplification Hearing aid compatible for users with hearing aids fitted with "T" switches Never miss a call with extra loud ringers on handset and base up to 90 dB

spl with 5 volume levels One touch loud handsfree speakerphone on base and cordless handset Loud play back of your messages via the base speaker and

cordless/corded handset The base has a jack for use with a shaker alert device (optional), which vibrates to signal incoming calls Cordless handset includes a jack for use with a headset (optional) or

inductive neck-loop Customise the phone's ring melody; choose from the traditional ring

melody or from 5 polytone ring melodies Ultra bright white strobe lights on the handset and base to visually signal

incoming calls High contrast backlit display with enlarged easy to read characters The simple to use phonebook stores 200 names and numbers for quick

dial out Call waiting Caller ID* with 30 number call log. Identify who is calling

before you answer Calls still can be made from the corded phone even if the mains power

fails Convenient integrated easy to use alarm on handset Pressing the page key on the base will help locate a misplaced handset Ergonomic design coupled with large well spaced out and tactile buttons

provide for comfort and ease of use

One of the problems in this research is that the researchers would like to know if there are new innovations to wireless telephones in Metro Manila. Unfortunately, they haven’t found any yet that is why, they try to use this information to somehow show to the readers that there are innovations made possible in other countries.

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN

151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

According to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone:

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WIRELESS TELEPHONES AND CELLULAR PHONES

A mobile phone or mobile (also called cellphone and handphone) is an electronic device used for mobile telecommunications (mobile telephone, text messaging or data transmission) over a cellular network of specialized base stations known as cell sites. Mobile phones differ from cordless telephones, which only offer telephone service within limited range, e.g. within a home or an office, through a fixed line and a base station owned by the subscriber and also from satellite phones and radio telephones. As opposed to a radio telephone, a cell phone offers full duplex communication, automates calling to and paging from a public land mobile network (PLMN), and handoff (handover) during a phone call when the user moves from one cell (base station coverage area) to another. Most current cell phones connect to a cellular network consisting of switching points and base stations (cell sites) owned by a mobile network operator. In addition to the standard voice function, current mobile phones may support many additional services, and accessories, such as SMS for text messaging, email, packet switching for access to the Internet, gaming, Bluetooth, infrared, camera with video recorder and MMS for sending and receiving photos and video, MP3 player, radio and GPS.

The International Telecommunication Union estimated that mobile cellular subscriptions worldwide would reach approximately 4.6 billion by the end of 2009. Mobile phones have gained increased importance in the sector of Information and communication technologies for development in the 2000s and have effectively started to reach the bottom of the economic pyramid.

This information relates to the study because it helps the researchers understand why there are people who prefer to use cellular phones than wireless telephones. The researchers would like to know the difference between the two devices.

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

2.2 LOCAL LITERATURE

METRO MANILA WIRELESS TELEPHONE PROVIDERS AND SOME OF THEIR OFFERS

The PLDT LANDLINE PLUS is a wireless and portable landline service which allows PLDT subscribers to bring their phones ANYWHERE within there the local area they applied in. With this service, PLDT subscribers can apply for a telephone line without the hassle – no installation and set-up required.

Service Features and Benefits

Portable home phone without the cables. Bring it along and make a call anywhere in the house and nearby areas.

Enjoy PLDT Landline Plus Texting to any mobile network or to another PLDT Landline Plus Line.

Enjoy conversations the whole family can hear!

More calls to more people, to more destinations, and vice versa.

Easy phone number storage. No need to memorize numbers, everything is at the tip of your finger!

How it works.....

FAQs.....

What is PLDT Landline Plus?PLDT Landline Plus is a fixed-wireless telephone line that serves as an alternative basic voice communication

for customers in areas with limited or no available PLDT fixed facilities.

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

Who can avail of this service?Open to residential and business applicants with telephone requirements.

What can I do with the PLDT Landline Plus?You can enjoy the same call types as a Regular Fixed Landline service – incoming and out-going calls, NDD/IDD, plus SMS!

Can I use the SIM in another device, like my mobile phone?Yes. Subscribers have 2 options:Avail of a locked-SIM that is locked to the Landline Plus Handset; or Avail of the open SIM which can be used with any open handset or any mobile phone.

Can I use non-PLDT SIM on the telephone unit?No. The PLDT Landline Plus Handset will work only with the PLDT SIM.

Can I use the phone anywhere there is a PLDT signal?The service is locked within the local area where you have applied. The service will only function in a pre-defined coverage area e.g. Metro Manila SIM will only work within Metro Manila.

What happens if I bring the unit outside the service area?Although the unit will be able to pick-up a signal, the service will not be available and the user will not be able to make and receive calls. The service will be available as soon as the unit is brought back to the service area where it was activated.

What number format will the service have?The service comes with the usual 7-digit Landline number format.

How much will be the Monthly Fee for the service?Monthly Service Fee is P600. Package includes 600 minutes FREE local calls and 120 FREE SMS.

What happens after I’ve used up my free calls and free SMS?Additional charges will apply – P1 per succeeding minutes for local calls, P1 per additional SMS.

Are there any initial fees I have to settle?Yes. Should the subscriber want to avail of the PLDT Landline Plus Handsets,

The Corded unit is at Php.1,000 and the Cordless unit is at Php.1,100.Price is subject to change without prior notice.

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

Is there a minimum contract period for the service?Lock-in period is 12 months (1 year).

How do I apply for the service?You may visit any PLDT Connect Patrol Booth or call 101-328 to avail of the service.

Who do I contact if I encounter a problem with the service or the unit?For after-sales concerns, you may contact the PLDT Landline Plus Hotline thru 101-328.

BAYAN WIRELESS

Basic Wireless 499 is now available!!! What is Basic Wireless 499?• A new affordable postpaid plan at only Php 499 /mo or only P17/Day:   – Unlimited Talk Time within the same area code.   – Unlimited Text BWL-to-BWL nationwide   – FREE Special Phone Features: Caller ID, Call Waiting      Call Forwarding & 3-Way Calling phone features   – Access to NDD/IDD/Local & International Text/1x Data

Toll Rates for Basic Wireless 499Service Basic Wireless 499

On-Net Calls UnlimitedCalls to Local Landline other Network UnlimitedNDDCalls to Landline same Network P4.50/minCalls to Landline other Network P5.50/minCalls to Mobile P7.00/minTEXTText Same Network UnlimitedText Other Network - Mobile P1/textText Other Network - Landline P1/textInternational Text P15/textIDDTop 12 destinations $.15/minRest-of-the-World $.40/min1X DataPay-per-Use P0.35/min

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

What is Best Value 699?• Best Value Plan offers the best wireless landline postpaid package at only P699/month.• Service Features:   – Unlimited Talk time within the same area code.   – Unlimited Talk time bayan to bayan Nationwide   – Unlimited Text Bayan-to-Bayan nationwide   – FREE Php 100 Consumable Value for Cellphone and NDD Calls and Texts to Other Networks   – Low Toll Rates for NDD & IDD   – FREE Caller ID, Call Waiting, Call Forwarding & 3-Way Calling phone features

Toll Rates

Service Best Value   On-Net Calls Unlimited   Calls to Local Landline other Network Unlimited   NDD       Calls to Landline same Network Unlimited     Calls to Landline other Network P4.50/min     Calls to Mobile P6.25/min   TEXT      Text Same Network Unlimited    Text Other Network - Mobile P 1.00/text    Text Other Network - Landline P0.50/text    International Text P9/text   IDD       Top 12 destinations $0.10/min     Major Destinations – Tier 1 (71 destinations) $0.10/min     Major Destinations – Tier 2 (84 destinations) $0.19/min     rest of the world $0.40/min   1X Data      Pay-per-Use P.35/min

    Plan 150P0.30/min; Free 500

mins

    Plan  300P0.25/min; Free 1200 mins, Unlimited Free Usage 12MN to 8AM

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

The relevance of this information about Metro Manila wireless telephone providers and some of their offers is to help the readers to know and to decide on what is the appropriate and more convenient use and to subscribe in if they plan to subscribe in this service, for them to know what are the services and offers that will suit to them. The researchers also relate this part of research to know the different wireless telephone providers in Metro Manila, thus, each of them has the same features and services but different subscription costs or different features and services but same subscription cost.

CHAPTER 3

3. METHODOLOGY

The methods used by the researchers in this study will be discussed in more comprehensive scope. Specifically, these are the Methods of Research, respondents of the study, instruments used, data gathering procedure and statistical treatment of data.

3.1 METHODS OF RESEARCH

The study used the Survey method in order to know the different point of views of the different respondents. This will also answer most of the questions in the study’s statement of the problem.

The results of the survey may also contradict or may agree with the hypothesis made by the researchers.

3.2 RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

Because of time constraints, only thirty (30) respondents will have the privilege to answer the questionnaires. Ages twenty five to sixty years old, in random number of male and female living in any part of Metro Manila, and either capable of availing a wireless telephone service or already using a wireless telephone service qualifies to fill- up the survey forms.

3.3 INSTRUMENTS USED

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

The study primarily used the questionnaire as a research instrument. It contains questions which also contains possible answers that the respondents may relate to. In the case that some of the respondents did not respond to any of the possible answers assumed by the researchers, a space was provided for them to fill- in their own answer.

3.4 DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The questionnaires were distributed in the different parts of Metro Manila such as Quezon City, Las Pinas City, Caloocan City and Manila. 8 questionnaires each except for one with 6 questionnaires distributed in Manila.

After collecting the questionnaires, the researchers evaluated the results with the help of statistical means, charts and graphs.

3.5 STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA

In analyzing the results of the survey, the researchers used statistical treatments to answer the specific problems of the study. These are the following: Average and Percentage.

The researchers also used the line graph, bar graph and pie graph to present the results of the survey.

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

CHAPTER 4

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

NUMBER OF MALES AND FEMALES WHO ANSWERED THE SURVEY

FEMALE=20MALE=10

Gender:

Based on the graph above, this shows that out of 30 respondents there are 20 females (70%) and 10 males (30%). Therefore, there are more female respondents than male respondents.

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

QUESTION NO. 1 Do you have a wireless telephone?

Yes=15 respondentsNo=15 respondents

Based on the graph above, this shows that there is an equal frequency and percentage between the respondents who have and don’t have a wireless telephone.

QUESTION NO. 2 What is your wireless telephone provider?

BAYAN WIRELESS LANDLINE

PLDT

LANDLINEPLUS

OTHERS

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

Bayantel= 9 respondentsPLDT=6 respondents

60% of the respondents are Bayan Wireless service users while 40% of the other respondents use PLDT Landline Plus. Majority of the respondents subscribe to Bayan Wireless maybe because it offers a cheaper price compared to PLDT Landline Plus’s.

QUESTION NO. 3 How much does its wireless telephone subscription costs?

Mean= 623 Pesos

Majority of the respondents’ subscription cost is 399 pesos which gather a frequency of 6 respondents. There is 1 respondent for prepaid, 1 respondent for 250 pesos, 1 respondent for 699 pesos, 1 respondent for 700 pesos, 1 respondent for 900 pesos, 1 respondent for 999 pesos, 1 respondent for 1300 pesos,

1 respondent for 1500 pesos and 1 respondent for 1800 pesos. The average cost of wireless telephone service is 623 Pesos.

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

This could mean that majority of the respondents find 399 pesos the cheapest and most affordable wireless telephone service which Bayan wireless is offering.

QUESTION NO. 4 If you have a wireless telephone, do you experience any of the following:

1. I have to find a strong network signal to make an outgoing call.

2. I cannot receive my incoming calls when the network signal of my wireless telephone is weak.

3. I experience poor sound quality wherein I cannot understand what the caller on the other line says to me and vice versa.

4. My wireless telephone fully charges but empties in a short period of time. 5. I have to consume the 1 year subscription before I could unsubscribe my wireless telephone in the case that I disliked it.

6. Before reaching the 1 year subscription, I unsubscribed my wireless telephone to its provider and I paid a penalty.

7. My wireless telephone provider cannot replace in due time my wireless telephone that malfunctions.

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

Based on the graph above:

Box number 1 was checked 10 times out of 15 respondents who use wireless telephones. This means that the majority of them have to find a strong network signal before they could make an outgoing call.

Box number 2 was checked by 8 times out of 15. This means that the majority of the respondents cannot receive their incoming call when the network signal is weak.

Box number 3 was checked 4 times out of 15. This means that few of the respondents experience poor sound quality wherein they cannot understand what the caller on the other line is saying and vice versa.

Box number 4 was checked once out of 15. This means that only one respondent experience poor battery life with their wireless telephone.

Box number 5 was checked 4 times out of 15. This means that only few respondents experienced to have to consume the 1 year subscription before he/she

could unsubscribe his/her wireless telephone in the case that he/she disliked it.

Box number 6 was checked 4 times out of 15. This means that only few from respondents experienced Before reaching the 1 year subscription, he/she unsubscribed his/her wireless telephone to its provider and he/she paid a penalty.

Box number 7 was checked 8 times out of 15. This means that majority of the respondents experienced their wireless telephone to malfunction and its provider weren’t able to replace it in due time.

QUESTION NO. 5 If ever you don’t have a wireless telephone, do you still want to avail one?

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

Based on the graph above, there is an equal frequency and percentage between yes and no, wherein 15 respondents answered “Yes” (50%) and 15 respondents answered “No” (50%)

There are three interpretations in this question:

First, respondents who don’t have a wireless telephone and answered “No” to question number 5 could mean that they don’t have a plan to subscribe at any wireless telephone service at all.

Second interpretation is that respondents, who have a wireless telephone and answered “No” to question number 5, could mean that if ever they don’t have a wireless telephone, they wouldn’t avail one anymore because of the disadvantages they had experienced while using the wireless telephone which was evidenced by their answers in question number 4.

Third interpretation is that the respondents who have a wireless telephone and answered “Yes” to

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN

151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

question number 5 could mean that they were very satisfied by the performance of their wireless telephone that if ever they don’t have one, they would still want to subscribe for it.

QUESTION NO. 6 If you want to avail a wireless telephone service, why would you?

1. Call costs is cheaper compared to cellular phone calls.

2. I can converse with other people on a longer length of time.

3. I can bring it anywhere.

4. I can call as many people as I want.

5. I will use it for business purposes (or other profitable purposes)

6. I will use it for emergency purposes.

7. It is budget friendly.

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN

151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

Based on the graph on the previous page:

Box number 1 got 7 checks out of 30 by the respondents. This could mean that minority of the respondents find that the call cost of wireless telephone is cheaper than the cellular phones.

Box number 2 got 9 checks out of 30 by the respondents. This could mean that the minority of the respondents can converse with other people in a longer time length.

Box number 3 got 10 checks out of 30 by the respondents. This could mean that the minority can bring their wireless telephones anywhere.

Box number 4 got 9 checks out of 30 by the respondents. This could mean that the minority of the respondents can call as many people as they like.

Box number 5 got 9 checks also out of 30 by the respondents. This could mean that only few people use wireless telephones for business use.

Box number 6 got 10 checks out of 30 by the respondents. This could mean that only few respondents want to use the wireless telephone for emergency purposes.

Box number 7 got 8 checks out of 30 by the respondents. This could mean that only few respondents find wireless telephones budget friendly.

QUESTION NO. 7 If you do not have and you do not want to avail a wireless telephone service, why won’t you?

1. It is bulky.

2. I have to find a strong network signal to call my contacts.

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN

151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

3. I prefer to use cellular phones.

4. I don’t have to use a wireless telephone because cellular phones nowadays feature cell phone to landline calls.

5. I find text messaging useful enough.

6. It is not worth my money.

Based on the graph above:

Box number 1 got 12 checks out of 15 by the respondents who don’t have a wireless telephone and don’t want to subscribe to one, because they find wireless telephones bulky.

Box number 2 got 15 checks out of 15 by the respondents who don’t have a wireless telephone and don’t want to subscribe to one, because they have to

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN

151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

find a strong signal before they could call their contacts.

Box number 3 got 11 checks out of 15 by the respondents who don’t have a wireless telephone and don’t want to subscribe to one, because they prefer to use their cell phones instead of wireless telephones.

Box number 4 got 13 checks out of 15 by the respondents who don’t have a wireless telephone and don’t want to subscribe to one, because there are cell phones that feature cell phone to landline calling.

Box number 5 got 8 checks out of 15 by the respondents who don’t have a wireless telephone and don’t want to subscribe to one, because they find text messaging useful enough than wireless telephone calling. This may be because many people use cellular phones than wireless telephones which make texting even more popular to use.

Box number 6 got 4 checks out of 15 by the respondents who don’t have a wireless telephone and don’t want to subscribe to one, because they find wireless telephones not worth their money. This may be because these respondents are not into calling, they could be into texting and they find that cheaper and worth their money.

CHAPTER 5

5. CONCLUSIONS AND DIRECTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH

5.1 SUMMARY

Based on the research study and information that were gathered regarding the topic: “The Efficiency of Wireless Telephone to Metro Manila

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN 151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

users”, wherein the researchers had only gave a simple background about the said topic for better understanding, wireless telephone was originated from Cleveland, Ohio by George Sweigert around 1980 and as it evolves, wireless telephone is now a gadget used for communication. Scientifically speaking, it uses electromagnetic waves and radio waves to initiate communication from one person to another. This works by converting telephone signals into radio waves wherein the process is done first in the Base, in which power supplies a low voltage to all the circuits then its signals will pass through to each power components and radio components, then will be broadcast via antenna to be received by the handset in which the signals will again pass through the radio components, then the electrical signals from the microphone that picks up your voice will be converted into a sound that will be heard by the caller then vice versa.

Furthermore, The researchers also compared wireless telephones to cellular phones wherein based on their research, Cell phone is more effective than wireless telephone because aside from its call and text services it also has some functions such as easy access to internet, MMS, photos and videos and MP3 player unlike wireless telephone, it only offers telephone service within limited range in a fixed line.

On the other side, they also explore the different wireless telephone providers in Metro Manila. Researchers found out that there are 2 major wireless telephone providers in Metro Manila and these are Bayan and PLDT. Both providers are in the same line of business but they both offer different services and subscription. PLDT offers a wireless telephone with text messaging, wider coverage area and easy phone contacts storage with 600 monthly subscription costs, while Bayan offers unlimited talk time with the same area code, it has caller ID, call waiting and access to NDD/IDD/local and international with a subscription cost of 499 monthly. Through this, readers and subscribers may now be able to decide what provider and subscription cost will suit to their money and time.

In addition, the researchers conducted a survey to 30 respondents ranging from 25 to 60 years of age wherein the results drawn from the given questionnaires revealed the following advantages such as you can use it in and out of your house, you can use it for personal transactions, business and emergency purposes, also, it is budget friendly but majority of the respondents disagree on this and only ¼ of the respondents agree on these advantages. While the disadvantages of using wireless telephone in which majority of the respondents agree are on the following: it is bulky, it has a limited range, poor sound quality, poor network signal, and they have to consume the 1 year

COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN

151 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

subscription first to their provider before they could unsubscribe or else they will pay a penalty .

5.2 CONCLUSION

This research study used the available resources on hand to for them to know the effectiveness of wireless telephone to Metro Manila users.

Based on the results of the survey, the majority of the respondents answered that they have to find a strong network signal before they could make an outgoing call, they cannot receive their incoming call when the network signal is weak, and some experience poor sound quality wherein they cannot understand what the caller on the other line is saying and vice versa. When it comes to structure, majority of the respondents find wireless telephone to be bulky wherein they cannot carry it anywhere they like, they also find texting with the use of cell phones useful enough for them than wireless telephones. Essentially, these results lead the researchers to conclude that wireless telephones, in order to function well, it chooses a strong signal which not every residence in Metro Manila has. This somehow affects its efficiency and convenience for its users.

5.3 RECOMMENDATION

The researchers recommend that the students who would further study this case should consult also different books because majority of the information gathered here are from the internet and advertisements because of time constraints. It would be more effective and knowledgeable if they could find those books that could further help them in this study.

The researchers also recommend the readers to take into consideration the results of this survey because we strongly believe that it could benefit them a lot in terms of their time and most specially, money.