Reviewer for Maateur

Radio Knowledge 2

1. A Class A Licensee shall be able to operate an HF fixed and mobile radio station with an output power not exceeding

A. 1000W on SSB

B. 500W on SSB

C. 2kW on SSB

D. 100W on SSB

2. Maximum power for VHF transceivers authorized for Class C amateurs

A. 1000W

B. 100W

C. 50W

D. 10W

3. A Class C licensee shall be authorized to operate an HF fixed radio station with power output not to exceed

A. 100W on SSB

B. 200W on SSB

C. 500W on SSB

D. 1kW on SSB

4. To facilitate the reception of distress calls, all transmissions on 145MHz shall be kept to a minimum and shall not exceed

A. 5 mins

B. 3 mins

C. 2 mins

D. 1 min

5. A class A licensee shall be authorized to operate an HF fixed and mobile station with an output power not to exceed

A. 1000W on SSB

B. 500W on SSB

C. 2kW on SSB

D. 100W on SSB

6. This transmission may be sent by amateur radio stations

A. Music

B. Technical and radio matters

C. commercial messages

D. profane language

7. Morse code speed requirement for Class A licensee

A. 8wpm

B. 10wpm

C. 5wpm

D. 15wpm

8. Maximum term of an amateur radio station license

A. 5 years

B. 3 years

C. 2 years

D. 1 year

9. An amateur club station is licensed under the name of

A. the President

B. the Executive Secretary

C. the Trustee

D. the hired commercial radio operator of the station

10. Amateurs from other countries may be allowed to operate in the Philippines provided Filipinos are allowed to operate in their country. This formal or informal arrangement is known as

A. Third Party Agreement

B. Reciprocal Agreement

C. Treaty

D. ITU Requirement

11. Lowest passing grade for each element except Morse code

A. 70%

B. 68%

C. 50%

D. 80%

12. Number and letter combination assigned by NTC to provide positive identification of radio stations

A. code name

B. callsign

C. serial number

D. all number

13. If the equipment of a radio station is capable of operating with rf power output in excess of _____, it should be provided with a means of measuring the voltage and current of the stage supplying power to the antenna

A. 1kW

B. 500W

C. 200W

D. 100W

14. Portable operation must not extend beyond ____ without obtaining specific authority for continual operation

A. 90 days

B. 60 days

C. 30 days

D. 7 days

15. The transmission of the following messages is prohibited on the amateur bands

A. technical information

B. signal strength measurements

C. commercial and broadcast messages

D. all sign and bearing

16. The Philippines is divided into how many amateur districts

A. 9

B. 10

C. 11

D. 12

17. The Philippine government regulatory agency is the

A. DFA

B. DOTC

C. NTC

D. PARA

18. In radio-teletype transmission, the frequency shift shall not exceed

A. 685Hz

B. 585Hz

C. 850Hz

D. 580Hz

19. The VHF general and emergency calling frequency for radio telephony

A. 145.00MHz +/- 50kHz

B. 145.00MHz +/- 25kHz

C. 145.00MHz +/- 10kHz

D. 145.00MHz +/- 5kHz

20. This type of message is not allowed to be transmitted by an amateur station

A. Technical Information

B. Broadcasting of information for amateurs

C. Commercial messages

D. Weather reports

Radio Knowledge 3

1. Instrument used to measure voltage in an electrical circuit

A. Galvanometer

B. Ohm meter

C. Voltmeter

D. Ammeter

2. Unit of capacitance

A. Henry

B. Farad

C. Siemens

D. Ohms

3. Unit of electric current

A. Coulomb

B. Ampere

C. Siemens

D. Ohms

4. Frequencies comprising very high frequency

A. 30 - 300 MHz

B. 300 - 3000 MHz

C. 30 - 300 kHz

D. 300 - 3000 kHz

5. Instrument used to measure resistance

A. Ohm meter

B. Wattmeter

C. Voltmeter

D. Ammeter

6. Unit of inductance

A. Henry

B. Farad

C. Ampere

D. Ohms

7. A device used to connect a balanced line to an unbalanced line

A. Balanced modulator

B. Balanced amplifier

C. Balanceed reactor

D. balun

8. The unit of a cycle of a radio wave

A. Hertz

B. Kilohertz

C. Cycles per second

D. Kilocycles

9. The wavelength of 150MHz is

A. 2 meters

B. 3 meters

C. 4 meters

D. 5 meters

10. To increase the measuring range of an ammeter, connect a resistor

A. in series

B. in parallel

C. in series parallel

D. in parallel series

11. Two capacitors rated at 20 micro Farad and 60 micro Farad are connected in series. The total equivalent capacitance is

A. 15 micro Farad

B. 40 micro Farad

C. 240 micro Farad

D. 20 micro Farad

12. Unit of impedance

A. Henry

B. Ohms

C. Farad

D. Siemens

13. To produce a higher output voltage, dry cells should be connected in

A. series

B. series parallel

C. parallel

D. parallel series

14. How many micro Farads are there in one Farad?

A. 1 million

B. 100,000

C. 10,000

D. 1,000

15. What is the name of the insulator between the plates of a capacitor?

A. Magnetizer

B. Ionizer

C. Dielectric

D. Synthesizer

16. Four resistors of 20 Ohms each are connected in series. What is the total resistance?

A. 5 Ohms

B. 20 Ohms

C. 40 Ohms

D. 80 Ohms

17. Two resistors of 3 Ohms and 6 Ohms are connected in parallel. What is the resultant resistance?

A. 2 Ohms

B. 9 Ohms

C. 18 Ohms

D. 1 Ohm

18. What is the unit of conductance?

A. Ohms

B. Siemens

C. Farad

D. Henry

19. Instrument used to measure current

A. Ohmmeter

B. Wattmeter

C. Voltmeter

D. Ammeter

20. What is the value of a resistor with the color code brown, black, yellow

A. 60K Ohms

B. 7.4K Ohms

C. 42 K Ohms

D. 100 K Ohms

Radio Knowledge 4

1. What is the capacitance of a 9 micro Farad capacitor in series with another 9 micro Farad capacitor?

A. 18 micro Farad

B. 9 micro Farad

C. 4.5 micro Farad

D. 36 micro Farad

2. What is the opposition of a conductor to the flow of electric current?

A. Inductance

B. Impedance

C. Resistance

D. Capacitance

3. Two identical resistors of 1000 Ohms are connected in series. They are then connected across a 220V source. What current passes through the resistors?

A. 11A

B. 1.1A

C. 0.11A

D. 0.011A

4. What value of resistor is represented by the color code brown, yellow, red?

A. 1400 Ohms

B. 4000 Ohms

C. 2600K Ohms

D. 610 Ohms

5. The frequency band 30-300MHz is also known as ___

A. MF

B. HF

C. VHF

D. UHF

6. A 12v battery is connected across a 120 Ohms load. What current flows in the load?

A. 10A

B. 1A

C. 100mA

D. 10mA

7. Four identical resistors of 400 Ohms each are conneted in parallel. What is the resulting resistance?

A. 1.6K Ohms

B. 400 Ohms

C. 200 Ohms

D. 100 Ohms

8. An example of a widely used semiconductor material

A. Silver

B. Germanium

C. Gold

D. Mercury

9. A circuit element that opposes any change in current

A. Impedance

B. Inducatance

C. Resistance

D. Capacitance

10. The formula for power when I and R are given

A. P=I(squared)R

B. P=R(squared)I

C. P=R(squared)/I

D. P=I(squared)/R

11. A dummy antenna or load is used to

A. Provide load

B. Propagate better

C. Reduce standing waves

D. to prevent unnecesary radiation that may cause interference

12. Two capacitors rated at 10 micro Farad each are connected in parallel. Their resultant capacitance is

A. 5 micro Farad

B. 10 micro Farad

C. 20 micro Farad

D. 3 micro Farad

13. The tendency of RF current to flow along the surface of a wire at high frequencies is called

A. Faraday effect

B. Magnetizing effect

C. Flywheel effect

D. Skin effet

14. Maximum power authorized for Class C using HF fixed radio station on CW

A. 200W

B. 100W

C. 50W

D. 25W

15. The value of the inductive reactance and capacitive reactance at resonance, is

A. Infinite in value

B. Zero in value

C. added to one another

D. equal in value

16. What is the instrument that measures hugh and low states of IC's

A. VTVM

B. Logic probe

C. Thermocouple

D. Grid dip meter

17. The magnification factor or quality factor of a circuit is denoted by the symbol

A. MF

B. QF

C. Mu

D. Q

18. A copper conductors diameter is 2cm, its resistance is 1000 Ohms. If its diameter is reduced to 1cm what would be the resulting resistance?

A. 1000 Ohms

B. 2000 Ohms

C. 4000 Ohms

D. 8000 Ohms

19. Maximum power authorized for Amateur Class B operating in CW on HF?

A. 500W PEP

B. 1KW PEP

C. 2KW PEP

D. 3KW PEP

20. What is the resistance of an open circuit?

A. Zero

B. Equal to Unity

C. Infinite

D. Small

Radio Knowledge 5

1. If the radiation resistance of the antenna is 5000 Ohms, the power radiated is 125KW, what is the antenna current?

A. 5A

B. 0.5A

C. 0.05A

D. 5mA

2. Undesired oscillations developing in an RF amplifier circuit at some frequency higher than the normal operating frequency

A. Parasitic

B. High Pass

C. Intermodulation

D. Spurious Oscillations

3. If a 10KHz tone is transmitted and the modulation index is 7.5, what is the value of the maximum deviation?

A. 75kHz

B. 7.5kHz

C. 750kHz

D. 75MHz

4. Device for producing FM in a transmitter?

A. Grid Dip Meter

B. Reactance Modulator

C. Buffer

D. Bandpass Filter

5. The use of the ionosphere in radio wave propagation utilizes mostly this kind of radio wave

A. Space Wave

B. Ground Wave

C. Sky Wave

D. Light Wave

6. The three basic parts of a transistor are base, collector and

A. Emitter

B. Cathode

C. Power Supply

D. Electrode

7. The majority carriers in a P-type semiconductor are

A. Holes

B. Electrons

C. Neutrons

D. Protons

8. What is the ratio of collector current to base current of a transistor?

A. Alpha

B. Beta

C. Gamma

D. Mu

9. Half power points are also known as

A. Beam Width Points

B. 6dB Points

C. Bandwidth Points

D. 3 dB Points

10. What is the operating frequency of the transceiver if the radio wave is 6 meters long?

A. 20MHz

B. 30MHz

C. 50MHz

D. 60MHz

11. The most ideal SWR?

A. Infinite SWR

B. Very High SWR

C. Zero SWR

D. Unity SWR or 1:1 SWR

12. Two forms of angle modulation are frequency modulation and ____ modulation

A. Pulse

B. Amplitude

C. Space

D. Phase

13. F3 emission means carrier is

A. Frequency modulated by on-off keying

B. Frequency modulated by phase shifting

C. Frequency modulated by voice

D. Frequency modulated by direct/data keying

14. Which diodes are normally reverse biased?

A. Varactor

B. Bi-polar

C. TRC

D. Zener

15. Radiation occurring on frequencies which are whole multiples of the original desired frequency are called...

A. Spurious

B. Harmonic

C. Parasitic

D. Operational oscillations

16. Root mean square (rms) value of a sine wave

A. 50%

B. 86.6%

C. 70.7%

D. 100%

17. A balanced modulator is a device used to

A. Suppress the carrier in an SSB transmitter

B. Produce FM in a transmitter

C. Generate standard frequency

D. Produce two tone signals

18. Ratio of maximum deviation to modulating frequency?

A. Modulation index

B. Percentage deviation

C. Deviation index

D. Modulation deviation ratio

19. An example of the worst kind of antenna and transmission matching is shown by an swr reading of

A. 1:1

B. 1:1000

C. 1.5:100

D. 2:200

20. UHF frequencies fall within the band...

A. 300-3000MHz

B. 300-3000GHz

C. 300-3000kHz

D. 30-300MHz

Radio Knowledge 6

1. A vacuum tube having a suppressor grid

A. Tetrode

B. Pentode

C. Triode

D. Diode

2. The ratio of change in plate current and the grid voltage of a triode amplifier, keeping its platge resistance constant is

A. Amplification Factor

B. Plate Impedance

C. Beta

D. Transconductance of the vacuum tube

3. Three identical inductors valued at 90 milliHenrys are connected in parallel. The total equivalent inductance is equal to

A. 270mH

B. 180mH

C. 90mH

D. 30mH

4. Diode commonly used as a diode switch

A. Zener

B. PIN

C. Varactor

D. Tunnel Diode

5. A vacuum tube having a filament, cathode, anode and control grids is a

A. Diode

B. Triode

C. Tetrode

D. Pentode

6. Two capacitors valued at 40 micro Farads and 60 micro Farads are connected in series, the total equivalent capacitance is

A. 100 micro Farad

B. 20 micro Farad

C. 7.5 micro Farad

D. 24 micro Farad

7. A conductive circuit pattern applied to one or both sides of an insulating substrate is known as

A. IC's

B. FET's

C. Printed Circuit

D. Microprocessors

8. The three terminals of a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) are the anode, cathode and

A. Emitter

B. Collector

C. Base

D. Gate

9. The Beta of a transistor is its

A. Plate resistance of the transistor

B. Current Amplification Factor

C. Transconductance

D. Mutual Conductance

10. What is the capacitive reactance of a capacitor whose value is 350pF, operating on a frequency of 1200kHz?

A. 379 Ohms

B. 1570 Ohms

C. 157 Ohms

D. 950 Ohms

11. The majority carrier in P type semiconductor materials

A. Protons

B. Electrons

C. Atoms

D. Holes

12. A common semi conductor diode used as a radio frequency switch

A. Zener

B. PIN

C. Junction

D. Hot Carrier Diode

13. What is the majority carrier in N-type semicinductor material?

A. Protons

B. Atoms

C. Electrons

D. Holes

14. Solid state lamps are also known as

A. JFET

B. Laser Light

C. FET

D. LED

15. An emitter follower transistor amplifier is also known as

A. Common Base

B. Common Collector

C. Common Emitter

D. Junction based amplifier

16. Most commonly used diode for voltage regulation

A. Zener

B. PIN

C. Schottky

D. Hot Carrier

17. A type of semiconductor diode having a negative resistance region

A. Hot Carrier

B. PIN

C. Tunnel

D. Zener

18. The three basic parts of a transistor are the base, the collector and the

A. Cathode

B. Anode

C. Emitter

D. Bias

19. A carbon resistor with color bands yellow, violet and red has a value equal to

A. 470 Ohms

B. 4.7K Ohms

C. 47 Ohms

D. 4.7 Ohms

20. The ratio of collector current to the base current of a transistor is

A. Alpha

B. Gamma

C. Mu

D. Beta

Radio Knowledge 7

1. The Readability Signal Tone (RST) reporting system is based on a scale of ___ for readability

A. 0 - 9

B. 0 - 10

C. 5 - 10

D. 0 - 5

2. Maximum power authorized for CW transmissions on HF Fixed Station for Class B licensee

A. 500W

B. 1KW

C. 2KW

D. 250W

3. For uniformity in international communication, the time measurement standard used at present is

A. UTC

B. GMT

C. EST

D. PST

4. What is the common code used in amateur radiotelephony for Message Relay

A. QSB

B. QRM

C. QRZ

D. QSP

5. What is the common code used in amateur radiotelephony for "Who is this?"

A. QSB

B. QRM

C. QRZ

D. QSP

6. For repeater operation it is good operating procedure to leave a pause between overs. The accepted interval is ___ seconds

A. 3

B. 5

C. 10

D. 15

7. After calling a certain station and he does not give an answer, you are allowed to make

A. 6 calls

B. 3 calls

C. one more call

D. 10 more calls

8. Maximum power authorized for Class B licensee operating on VHF

A. 100W

B. 500W

C. no specified limit

D. 50W

9. The television standard used for color system in the Philippines

A. SECAM

B. CCIR

C. PAL

D. NTSC

10. The best way to orientate your antenna beam when making long distance communication is to use

A. Contour Map

B. Global Map

C. Great Circle Map

D. World Map

11. The calling frequency in the 40m band in the Philippines is

A. 7.035MHz

B. 7.000MHz

C. 7.045MHz

D. 7.145MHz

12. What is the common code used in amateur practice for ham operator?

A. QSB

B. QSO

C. OM

D. PAL

13. The use of two "breaks" in joining an on-going conversation indicates

A. Desire to join the conversation

B. There is urgency or priority traffic

C. There is extreme emergency

D. Somebody very important is joining the conversation

14. Frequency modulated by voice is represented by the symbol

A. A3

B. F5C

C. F3

D. F8

15. Property of a receiver to discriminate between desired and unwanted signals

A. Sensitivity

B. Fading

C. Interference

D. Selectivity

16. What is the wavelength of the fourth harmonic of a 2m radio signal?

A. 0.25m

B. 0.50m

C. 1m

D. 2m

17. What is the common code used in amateur practice for "signal strength varies"?

A. QSB

B. QSO

C. QSP

D. QSL

18. When it is 11pm in the Philippines it is equivalent to

A. 0200 UTC

B. 1100 UTC

C. 1500 UTC

D. 1200 UTC

19. To overcome difficulty in spelling, ____ are used by radio amateur operators

A. Q Codes

B. Ten Codes

C. Procedural Words

D. Phonetic Alphabet

20. Single Sideband modulation is classified under

A. AM

B. FM

C. PCM

D. DM

Radio Knowledge 8

1. Approximate height of a geostationary satellite from the Earth's surface

A. 120km

B. 36,000km

C. 250,000km

D. 338,000km

2. What is the most affected frequency band by changes in the solar cycle?

A. MF

B. VHF

C. HF

D. LF

3. What is the impedance of a tuned RLC circuit at resonance with the circuit having the values R=100Ohms, XL=200 Ohms, XC = 200 Ohms?

A. 50 Ohms

B. 200 Ohms

C. 500 Ohms

D. 100 Ohms

4. A standard broadcast AM radio station uses this type of propagation...

A. Groundwave

B. Skywave

C. Direct Wave

D. Reflected Wave

5. The main LC oscillators are the Hartley and the ...

A. Variable

B. Crystal

C. Colpitts

D. Schmidt

6. In AM, the ratio of the modulating voltage over the carrier voltage is

A. Modulation Index

B. Voice Index

C. Power Index

D. Carrier Index

7. What is the amplification factor of a triode having a transconductance of 2.4 milli Siemens and a plate resistance of 16K Ohms?

A. 76.8

B. 19.2

C. 38.4

D. 3.84

8. Determine the resonant frequency of a tuned circuit whose inductance is 150 micro Henrys and capacitance is 150pF

A. 320kHz

B. 1.5MHz

C. 2.052MHz

D. 1.026MHz

9. What is the voltage regulation of a power supply if the no load voltage is 1kV and the full load voltage is 1.2kV?

A. 20%

B. 10%

C. 40%

D. 2%

10. In an electrical circuit R1 and R2 are connected in series. They are further connected to R3 in parallel. A 240v source is connected across the combination. Determine the following if R1 is 100 Ohms, R2 is 300 Ohms and R3 is 100 Ohms. The total combined resistance of R1, R2 and R3 is...

A. 100 Ohms

B. 60Ohms

C. 40 Ohms

D. 80 Ohms

11. What is the voltage drop across R1

A. 60V

B. 120V

C. 240V

D. 24V

12. What is the voltage drop across R2

A. 240V

B. 180V

C. 120V

D. 60V

13. What is the frequency range of HF?

A. 300 - 3000MHz

B. 3 - 30MHz

C. 30 - 300MHz

D. 0.3 - 3MHz

14. The magnification factor of a tuned circuit is also known as...

A. The Q of the circuit

B. The Resonance Factor

C. Magnification Effect

D. Marconi Effect

15. The frequency band most useful for ground wave propagation

A. 300 - 3000MHz

B. 30 - 300MHz

C. 3 - 30MHz

D. 300 - 3000kHz

16. Class C amplifiers are normally biased

A. At the cut off value

B. Greater than the cut off value

C. Less than the cut off value

D. Half of the cut off value

17. Three capacitors of values 20 , 30 and 60 micro Farads are connected in series. What is the total effective capacitance?

A. 110 micro Farads

B. 45 micro Farads

C. 20 micro Farads

D. 10 micro Farads

18. Satellites that are placed into equatorial orbit are called...

A. Orbital Satellites

B. Geostationary Satellites

C. Space Stations

D. Equatorial Satellites

19. Beyond the horizon propagation is also known as

A. Troposcatter

B. Ionoscatter

C. Refraction

D. Reflection

20. In an ordinary HF transmitter, the oscillator stage is normally followed by

A. Power Amplifier

B. Modulator

C. Multiplier

D. Buffer

Radio Knowledge 9

1. Why are gut wires cut to different lengths?

A. To look beautiful

B. To resonate on different bands

C. To prevent re-radiation of signals

D. To produce uneven harmonics

2. What is the power measurement level of an antenna considered as half-power points on the main radiation lobe?

A. 6dB

B. 5dB

C. 3dB

D. 1dB

3. What is the term used when referring to the space orientation of the electro magnetic wave being radiated by a transmitting system?

A. Antenna orientation

B. Antenna directivity

C. Polarization

D. Angle of Maximum Radiation

4. What is the wavelength if the frequency used is 300MHz?

A. 30m

B. 3m

C. 1m

D. 15m

5. What is the quarter wavelength of 150MHz?

A. 2m

B. 1m

C. 0.5m

D. 5m

6. Gain of an antenna is a measurement of ratio of output power of an antenna in a certain direction compared to that of

A. Isotropic antenna

B. same type of antenna

C. Ideal antenna

D. Hybrid antenna

7. What is the element of an antenna array that is not electrically connected to the output of the transmitter?

A. Radiator

B. power element

C. Parasitic element

D. Antenna rod

8. What type of modulation is largely contained in static and lightning radio waves?

A. AM

B. FM

C. PCM

D. PM

9. For line of sight propagation, which frequency band is more adaptable?

A. LF

B. MF

C. HF

D. VHF

10. The bending of radio waves as they pass over the upper edge of a hill or mountain is known as

A. Refraction

B. Knife Edge Diffraction

C. Troposcatter

D. Re-radiation

11. What is the unit of field intensity?

A. Ohms/meter

B. Amps/meter

C. Watts/meter

D. Volts/meter

12. On what TV channel does the second harmonic of a 27MHz transmitter fall?

A. Ch2

B. Ch4

C. Ch5

D. Ch7

13. What instrument is used to measure the received strength of a radio signal?

A. Spectrum Analyzer

B. Oscilloscope

C. Field Strength Meter

D. SWR meter

14. What power is fed to an antenna if the surge impedance of the transmission line is 500 Ohms and the line current is 3 Amps

A. 1500W

B. 1500kW

C. 4800W

D. 4500kW

15. When the electric field lines in a plane are parallel to the earth's surface, the polarization is said to be...

A. Vertical

B. Horizontal

C. Circular

D. Perpendicular

16. When the electric field lines in a plane are perpendicular to the earth's surface, the polarization is said to be ...

A. Vertical

B. Horizontal

C. Circular

D. Perpendicular

17. Characteristic of an antenna, referring to its capability of beaming energy in a narrow range of direction...

A. Directivity

B. Angular radiation path

C. Beamwidth

D. Angle of maximum radiation

18. The product of power fed to an antenna and its gain is...

A. Output Power

B. Average Power

C. Peak Power

D. Effective Radiated power

19. Circuit or device that permits transmit and receive operation using one antenna is...

A. Diplexer

B. Duplexer

C. Diversity antenna

D. Space Antenna

20. A kind of antenna consisting of a number of dipoles of different length and spacing, fed from a two wire line which is transposed between each adjacent pair of dipoles

A. Rhombic

B. Log Periodic

C. Yagi

D. Inverted L

Radio Knowledge 10

1. Velocity of radio waves

A. 300 x 10 raised to 6

B. 300 x 10 raised to 8

C. 300 x 10 raised to 10

D. 300 x 10 raised to 12

2. Antennas having both horizontal and vertical components have this type of polarization

A. Vertical

B. Circular

C. Horizontal

D. Diagonal

3. What is the current of an antenna if the power is 2000W and the antenna impedance is 20 Ohms

A. 100A

B. 40A

C. 10A

D. 4A

4. What kind of radio wave is the same day or night

A. Space wave

B. Sky wave

C. Ground wave

D. Direct wave

5. The type of antenna that needs no grounding

Hertz

B. Marconi

C. Gauss

D. AM broadcast

6. The most useable layer for long distance communication in HF propagation using the ionosphere is

A. E

B. F2

C. D

D. F1

7. What type of modulation is largely contained in static and lightning radio waves

A. AM

B. FM

C. PCM

D. PM

8. The dielectric effect of the air at the end of the antenna that effectively lengthens the antenna

A. Faraday effect

B. End effect

C. Polarization effect

D. Magnetization effect

9. An antenna complete in itself and capable of self oscillation

A. Hertz

B. Gauss

C. Marconi

D. Magnetic

10. What kind of radio wave is the same day or night

A. Space wave

B. Sky wave

C. Direct wave

D. Ground wave

11. For a given layer of the atmosphere, the highest frequency that will be returned to earth by that layer, after having been beamed straight up at it

A. Critical Frequency

B. Maximum useable frequency

C. Optimum traffic frequency

D. Reflected frequency

12. Variations in solar radiation and activities occur every year and follow a pattern or cycle that is repeated every

A. 11 years

B. 12 years

C. 13 years

D. 15 years

13. The ground wave eventually disappears as one moves away from the transmitter because of

A. Interference from skywave

B. loss of line of sight condition

C. maximum hop distance limit

D. Solar activity

14. In electromagnetic waves, polarization is

A. Is due to transverse nature of waves

B. caused by reflection

C. caused by refraction

D. caused by absorption

15. Tropospheric propagation uses frequencies in the

A. UHF

B. SHF

C. EHF

D. VHF

16. When microwave signals follow the curvature of the earth this is known as

A. Faraday effect

B. Troposcatter

C. Ducting

D. Ionospheric reflection

17. If the wavelength of a radio transmission is 10 metres, what is the operating frequency?

A. 30MHz

B. 20MHz

C. 15MHz

D. 3MHz

18. The no-signal area between the end of the mobile groundwave signal and the reflected sky-wave in HF propagation

A. Tilt Zone

B. Fresnel Zone

C. MUF Zone

D. Skip Zone

19. What is the relationship between the current and the radiated power of an antenna?

A. P=IR

B. P=IR(squared)

C. P=I(squared)R

D. P=I(squared)E

20. The frequency range of UHF is

A. 3-30MHz

B. 30-300MHz

C. 300-3000MHz

D. 3-30GHz

STANDARD NATO PHONETIC ALPHABET

The ARRL and many other national entities recommend the NATO phonetics for Amateur Radio use as most Hams around the world recognize them. This alphabet dates from about 1955 and is approved by the International Civil Aviation Organization, the FAA and the International Telecommunication Union, and many National Amateur Leagues/Societies/Orgs. Note that different bodies prefer different spellings, so one also sees: Alfa Juliet Juliette Oskar Viktor. You can refer also to the NATO phonetic alphabet From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_phonetic_alphabet

The NATO phonetic alphabet was developed in the 1950s to be intelligible (and pronounceable) to all NATO allies. It replaced other phonetic alphabets, for example the US military Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet ("able baker charlie dog...") and several versions of RAF phonetic alphabets.

The NATO phonetic alphabet is now widely used in business and telecommunications in Europe and North America, and has been approved by ICAO for use in international civil aviation. It has been adopted by the ITU, (many radio operators will refer to the NATO phonetics as ITU phonetics). Although it consists of English words, its letter codewords can easily be recognized by speakers of languages other than English.

The NATO phonetic alphabet is generally understood by Amateurs in all countries. Used when giving your callsign or passing information that must be spelled out for clarity. For example, DU1ABC should sign Delta Uniform One Alpha Bravo Charlie.

Sometimes another phonetic alphabet is used, especially when talking to DX stations, to make absolutely sure that the information has been passed. As you can see, the words tend to be a little longer and many consist of three syllables. Both forms of phonetic alphabet are shown below. Occasionally hams might use made-up phonetics, but these tend to sound a little bit silly. For example, Donald Under One Almond Biscuit Chocolate!

Nato Phonetic Alphabet DXing Phonetics

A - AlfaB - BravoC - CharlieD - DeltaE - EchoF - FoxtrotG - GolfH - HotelI - IndiaJ - JulietK - KiloL - LimaM - Mike

N - NovemberO - OscarP - PapaQ - QuebecR - RomeoS - SierraT - TangoU - UniformV - VictorW - WhiskeyX - X-RayY - YankeeZ - Zulu

A - AmericaB - BostonC - CanadaD - DenmarkE - EnglandF - FranceG - GermanyH - HonoluluI - ItalyJ - JapanK - KilowattL - LondonM - Mexico

N - NorwayO - OntarioP - PortugalQ - QuebecR - RadioS - SantiagoT - TokyoU - UnitedV - VictoriaW - WashingtonX - X-RayY - YokohamaZ - Zanzibar

Q Codes

International Q Code is an abbreviated way to exchange a great deal of information with a simple code. The Q Code consists of three-letter groups with each group having a specific meaning. Each group begins with the letter Q. Auxiliary letter groups or numbers are also used to help define the information that is need or passed with certain Q Code three-letter groups.

The Q Code came into being internationally in 1912 to overcome the language problems involved in communications by radio among ships and shore stations of all countries. The original list of 50 adopted by international agreement in London contain many which are still familiar to amateur operators-QRN, QRM, QSO, the traffic operator's QRK, QSY and QRV -are now well past the half-century mark in continuous usage. QSL still has the official 1912 definition despite the changed informal usages it is subjected to in amateur parlance.

The International Q Code can be arranged in three types of code groups according to the second letter in the three-letter Q Code.

The Q Code comprises : A. General Codes, second letter of which is R, S, T or U. (Some used by Hams). B. Maritime Service Codes, second letter of which is O, P or Q. C. Aeronautical Codes, second letter of which is A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M or N.

Some common Q-Codes used by Amateur Radio Operators are:

Signal Question Answer, Advice or Order

QRG

Will you indicate my exact frequency in kiloHertz?

Your frequency is ... kHz.

QRH Does my frequency vary?

Your frequency varies.

QRI

How is the tone of my transmission?

The tone of your transmission is ...1. Good.2. Variable.3. Bad.

QRJAre you receiving me badly? Are my signals weak?

I cannot receive you. Your signals are too weak.

QRKWhat is the legibility of my signals (1 to 5)?

The legibility of your signals is ... (1 to 5).

QRL Are you busy? I am busy (or busy with....). Please do not interfere.

QRM Are you being interfered with?

I am being interfered with.

QRN Are you troubled by static?

I am troubled by static.

QRO Must I increase power?

Increase power.

QRP Must I decrease power?

Decrease power.

QRQMust I send faster?

Send faster ... (words per min.).

QRS Must I send more slowly?

Transmit more slowly ... (w.p.m.).

QRT Must I stop transmission?

Stop transmission.

QRUHave you anything for me?

I have nothing for you.

QRV Are you ready? I am ready.

QRW

Must I advise ... that you are calling him on...kHz?

Please advise ... that I am calling him on ... kHz.

QRX When will you call again?

I will call you again at ... hours (on ... kHz.).

QRZBy whom am I being called?

You are being called by ...

QSAWhat is the strength of my signals (1 to 5)?

The strength of your signals is ... (1 to 5).

QSBDoes the strength of my signals vary?

The strength of your signals varies.

QSDIs my keying correct? Are my signals distinct?

Your keying is incorrect; your signals are bad.

QSG

Must I transmit ... telegrams (or one telegram) at a time?

Transmit ... telegrams (or one telegram) at a time.

QSKShall I continue the transmission of all my traffic?

I can hear you between my signals. Continue: I shall interrupt you if necessary.

QSLCan you acknowledge receipt?

I am acknowledging receipt.

QSMShall I repeat the last telegram I sent you?

Repeat the last telegram you sent me.

QSO

Can you communicate with ... directly (or through...)?

I can communicate with ... direct (or through...).

QSP Will you relay to ...?

I will relay to ... free of charge.

QSVShall I send a series of VVV....?

Send a series of VVV.

QSXWill you listen for ... (call sign) on ... kHz?

I am listening for ... on ... kHz.

QSY

Shall I change to ... kiloHertz without changing the type of wave?

Change to ... khz. without changing type of wave.

QSZ Shall I send each word or group 

Send each word or group twice.

twice?

QTAShall I cancel nr ... as if it had not been sent?

Cancel nr ... as if it had not been sent.

QTBDo you agree with my word count?

I do not agree with your word count; I shall repeat the first letter of each word and the first figure of each number.

QTCHow many telegrams have you to send?

I have ... telegrams for you or for ....

QTHWhat is your position (location)?

My position (location) is ....

QTR What is the exact time?

The exact time is ....

Frequently Asked Questions

If you don't see your question here, send it to me at [email protected]

It will be posted and hopefully someone will be able to send in the answer.

Q. What is amateur radio? How is it different to commercial radio?

Q. Why do we use Q-codes, why not ten-codes?

Q. Why do we still need to pass CW to be class A, if Morse code has no significant use today?

Q. Why is there ham radio if there are cellphones already?

Q. What is the difference between vhf, uhf, and hf? Why do we use a lot of different bands?

Q. So how do I start?

Q. What is Echolink?

Q. What is qrz.com?

Q. What is the difference of portable, mobile, and base? why do most dealers don't know that there exists a mobile station and why do they keep insisting that there is no such thing as a mobile station.

Q. What is a repeater station?

Q. What is amateur radio? How is it different to commercial radio?A. Amateur radio is, as the name suggests, a non paid pursuit, as opposed to commercial radio such as a Marine Radio, or a commercial radio station. Amateur radio is, first and foremost, a pastime - a hobby for the technically minded, and for those who like to communicate. Back to top.

Q. Why do we use Q-codes, why not ten-codes?A. Q Codes were originally used for military and commercial use on Morse circuits where they could save time in sending messages and control signals. The ten codes were developed for police use as a means of encoding their traffic so that it would be less understood by eavesdroppers. Nowadays, ten codes have been adopted by CB and are still used by police, although with the advent of digital radio systems and trunking, eavesdropping is not so much of a concern as it used to be. Amateurs never adopted the ten codes in order to differentiate amateur radio from CB radio. Back to top.

Q. Why do we still need to pass CW to be class A, if Morse code has no significant use today?A. In fact many countries have now abolished the need to learn the Morse code as a requirement for a Class A license. Despite this, many hams still like to use Morse code on the air as a means of weak signal DXing. Morse can be faster than SSB in a contest for example, although fast speeds are required and much experience is also needed before venturing on a full scale contest venture. PARA is requesting NTC to abolish the need for Morse testing, in line with other countries, but meantime the test is only up to 5wpm which is easily attainable. Back to top.

Q. Why is there ham radio if there are cellphones already?A. Cellphones are all very good and well. They have their place in society and are available to all. Ham radio on the other hand is an earned privilege. You must have passed an exam to be able to use the ham bands, and also have some technical ability to be able to set up a station and communicate across the world. Therein lies the fun and challenge of amateur radio, and the pride in accomplishing various feats to earn awards and kudos. Back to top.

Q. What is the difference between vhf, uhf, and hf? Why do we use a lot of different bands?A. HF, VHF and UHF refers to the difference in the frequency ranges of those bands. The higher bands such as VHF and UHF are most suited to short range communications whilst HF bands are better for world wide contacts. Of course there are exceptions to this rule, especially at the peak of the sun spot cycle, when propagation around the world is possible on the 6 meter band which is part of the VHF spectrum. Long range propagation is also possible on the 2 meter band using Sporadic E as a propagation mode. For example it is even possible on rare occasions to contact stations in Hong Kong from Manila using 2 meters SSB or CW or perhaps even FM. Most radio amateurs rely on HF for long distance contacts, and even here there is a difference in propagation depending on which band you use. Spending some time listening to the various bands is a must before you operate so that you have a "feel" for the kind of propagation you can expect and what countries are likely to be heard at different times of the day.Back to top.

Q. So how do I start?A. Firstly you should join an amateur radio club and meet like-minded people who will steer you on the correct course to become a radio amateur. PARA sells a book, "So you want to be a Ham?" A new edition is being produced and will be published shortly at a very affordable price. It is full of useful information on becoming a radio amateur, or ham. Another good idea is to listen on the amateur bands, not just on 2m but also on the short wave bands. You will hear a lot of stations on different bands according to the time of day and

propagation conditions, and this will teach you a lot about operating habits and choosing the correct band for the prevailing conditions. Back to top.

Q. What is Echolink?A. Echolink is an internet based communication system, which also links to repeaters and link stations in other countries. You must have an amateur radio license to be able to operate on Echolink using the on air links. You can "transmit" on your computer and have your signal come out, for example, on a 2m repeater in Vancouver Canada. You can also transmit with your handheld into an Echolink repeater or link station and talk to others across the globe who might be mobile or simply using their computer to communicate. There is usually a radio link in part of the chain so it is necessary to have a license. Back to top.

Q. What is qrz.com?A. QRZ.com initially started out as a callsign search service using tapes from the FCC. Nowadays it has blossomed into a valuable search facility for hams around the world, as well as a huge database of ham radio software, news, forums and lots more. You can find out more by visiting www.qrz.com and just browsing the site. Back to top.

Q. What is the difference of portable, mobile, and base? Why do most dealers don't know that there exists a mobile station and why do they keep insisting that there is no such thing as a mobile station?A. When you receive your Radio Station License, depending on your class of license you may be able to transmit from your car or from a portable location, whilst out walking for example, as well as being able to transmit from the location noted on your RSL as your home address. Mobile operation simply means that you are operating from your car. You could also be walking with a handheld. Portable operation is when you set up a station in a location different from your home station, in a contest or Field Day for example. Base station operation simply means you are operating from the address named on your RSL. Dealers would not really care if you use your radio as a base station or mobile, as long as you have your RSL, and your permits to purchase and possess the equipment you wish to buy duly certified by the NTC. Back to top.

Q. What is a repeater station?A. A repeater is a radio transceiver which has been set up in a high location, such as on top of a tall building with a good view all around, or perhaps on top of a hill on a tower. The purpose of a repeater is to extend the normal range of low powered stations such as mobile stations. A repeater uses two frequencies, usually on the same band. For example a 2 meter repeater will have a receive frequency, known as the input, which differs from its transmit frequency, known as the output, by 600kHz. It also uses a very tight filter on the receive antenna so as to minimize the amount of signal leakage from the transmit frequency. The result is that you can use your low powered device such as a handheld and be able to communicate over a much larger range. Many local clubs have their own repeaters and these are used as calling frequencies and hanging out places for club members. Back to top.