Review: Youth Fitness Skill- & Health-related fitness Involvement in PA over time/with age 2008 PA guidelines Recommendations? Value? Norm- & Criterion-referenced.

Review: Youth Fitness

• Skill- & Health-related fitness

• Involvement in PA over time/with age

• 2008 PA guidelines• Recommendations?• Value?

• Norm- & Criterion-referenced standards

Psychological Measurements in

Sport and Exercise

HPHE 3150Dr. Ayers

Psychological FactorsAffecting Sport Performance

• Anxiety

• Concentration

• Confidence

• Motivation

• Mental preparation

• Personality

Affective Domain

• Trait vs. StateStable/Consistent Situational

• General vs. Sport SpecificTEOSQ Anxiety Assessment for Wrestlers

• Dimensionality• Hard to isolate one component of most characteristics

Cautions

• Measurement errors

• One's own knowledge/limitations

• Test purpose• Used how? Shared with whom?• Validated for sample/situation intended

• Team selection

• Participant feedback

Measurement in theAffective Domain

Quantitative (#s)

Likert scales (1-5)

Semantic Differential (slow-fast)

Quantitative (#s)

Qualitative (text)

Likert Scales

•Assume equal response intervals

•Widely used in attitude inventories

•Allow wider choice of expression than Y/N

•Using multiple intervals can improve reliability (to a point; 5-7 max)

Table 12.2: Scaled Responses1 2 3 4 5

Never Sometimes Often Frequently Always

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly agree

Agree No opinion Disagree Strongly disagree

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Always Never

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Agree Disagree

1 2 3 4 5

Not important

at all

Extremely important

Semantic Differential Scales

•Use bipolar adjectives (extremes)

•Choose point between extremes to reflect feelings

•Three factors measured with these scales•Evaluation (degree of goodness)

•Potency (strength of concept being rated)

•Activity (describe action)

Semantic Differential

Evaluation (degree of goodness)

Pleasant UnpleasantFair UnfairHonest DishonestGood BadSuccessful UnsuccessfulUseful Useless

Semantic Differential

Potency (strength of concept)

Strong WeakHard SoftHeavy LightDominant SubmissiveRugged DelicateDirty Clean

Semantic Differential

Activity (describe action)

Steady NervousHappy SadActive PassiveDynamic StaticStationary MovingFast Slow

Table 12.3Semantic Differential Scales

Physical Activity

Good __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Bad

Pleasant __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Unpleasant

Relaxed __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Tense

Hot __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Cold

Healthy __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Unhealthy

Nice __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Awful

Delicate __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Rugged

Active __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Passive

Measurement in theAffective Domain

Qualitative (descriptors)

InterviewsGood listenerTape record or take notes

ObservationVideotapeBe unobtrusive

Scales used in Sport andExercise Psychology

• Sport Competition Anxiety Scale (p. 331)

• Competitive State Anxiety Inventory – 2 (p. 333-3)

• Attitudes Toward Physical Activity (p. 357)

• Children's Attitude Toward Physical Activity (p. 337)

• Physical Estimation and Attraction Scale (p. 338)

• Trait and State Sport Confidence Inventories (p. 340)

• Group Environment Questionnaire (p. 341; Ex Phys)

Kenyon’s Attitude TowardPhysical Activity (ATPA)

• Social experience

• Health and Fitness• Pursuit of vertigo (thrill/excitement)

• Aesthetic experience

• Catharsis• Ascetic experience (self-denial; work)

6 Dimensions of ATPA:

General Psychological Scales Used inSport and Exercise

• Self-Motivation Inventory (p. 344; useful for Ex Phys program leaders drop-outs)

• Profile of Mood States (p. 346; individualize)

• Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style (p.347)• Width (broad to narrow)• Direction (internal to external)

Stages of Change for Exerciseand Physical Activity

(p. 349)• PrecontemplationNo intention to change behavior

• ContemplationIntention to change behavior

• PreparationPreparing for action

• ActionInvolved in behavior change

• MaintenanceSustain behavior change

• As a fitness leader in a corporate wellness program, how could the SOC help you increase employee participation in PA program?

Tell a friend one thing you can use psychological assessments for in your

profession.

Decide what tool you would realistically use and bring a copy of that inventory to next class:

1)COMPLETE instrument2)Administration instructions3)Scoring instructions & tally sheet (if needed)4)Validity & reliability information