Review Questions Lectures 12 & 13

Reviews Lectures 12 & 13

Name the cranial nerves in order:

Olfactory bulb, terminationof olfactory nerve (CN I)

Optic nerve (CN II)

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)Vagus nerve (CN X)

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Abducens nerve (CN VI)

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1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.8.9.10.12.

11.

Olfactory bulb, terminationof olfactory nerve (CN I)

Optic nerve (CN II)

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)Vagus nerve (CN X)

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)Facial nerve (CN VII)

Abducens nerve (CN VI)

Hint:1. On2. Occasion3. Our4. Trusty5. Truck6. Acts 7. Funny8. Very 9. Good 10. Vehicle11. Any12. How

Name whether the following nerves carry sensory functions, motor functions, or both:

Cranial Nerve Function: Sensory, Motor, Both

Acessory

Facial

Optic

Olfactory

Vestibulocochlear

Vagus

Hypoglossal

Abducens

Trigeminal

Trochlear

Accessory

Glossopharyngeal

MotorBoth

SensorySensorySensory

BothMotorMotorBoth

MotorMotorBoth

How many pairs of spinal nerves are found in the body?

1. 322. 343. 194. 31

Answer: 31

At what structure in the vertebral arch (L1) is the tip of the spinal cord found?

Answer: Conus Medullaris

Cervical cord

Thoracic cord

Sacral cordLumbar cord

Cauda equina

Posterior view

Co1S5

S4

L5

S1S2S3

L4

L3

L2

L1

T12

T11

T10

T9T8

T7T6

T4T5

T3T2T1C8C7C6C5C4

C1C2C3

Conus medullaris

A _________ is a specific segment of skin supplied by a single pair of spinal nerves.

1. Dermatite2. Dermatome3. Dermasome4. Dermasite

Answer: Dermatome

Why are dermatomes clinically significant?

Answer: They help assess the location of spinal cord damage by pressing on segments of the skin to discover loss of senses.

In order to have activated shingles, one must have previous had ________ virus in which the virus had left the skin and invaded posterior root ganglion of the PNS.

How is shingles manifest?

1. Varicella2. Small Pox3. Chicken Pox4. Both 1 and 35. All of the above

Answer: Both 1 and 3

Answer: A rash of scaly, painful blisters that are usually confined to one or a few adjacent dermatomes.

A nerve ________ is a network of interweaving spinal nerves that splits into multiple nerves that innervate various body structures.

1. Complex2. Simplex3. Plexus4. Plexiglas

Name the 4 principle nerve plexuses from superior to inferior:

Answers:1. Cervical2. Brachial3. Lumbar 4. Sacral

Answer: Plexus

The _________ plexus is comprised of spinal nerves C5-TI and innervates the pectoral girdle and upper limbs.

1. Cervical2. Brachial3. Lumbar4. Sacral

Answer: Brachial

The ________ plexus is comprised of spinal nerves L1-L4 and innervates the lower limb.

1. Cervical2. Brachial3. Lumbar4. Sacral

Answer: Lumbar

The _________ plexus is comprised of spinal nerves C1-C4 and innervates the anterior neck and parts of the head and shoulders.

1. Lumbar2. Brachial3. Cervical4. Sacral

Answer: Cervical

The _________ plexus is comprised of spinal nerves L4-S4 and innervates the lower limb.

1. Lumbar2. Sacral3. Brachial4. Cervical

Answer: Sacral

Match the following nerves with it’s plexus:1. Femoral Nerve2. Musculocutaneous Nerve3. Ulnar Nerve4. Phrenic Nerve5. Median Nerve6. Sciatic Nerve7. Radial Nerve

Cervical plexusBrachial PlexusLumbar PlexusSacral Plexus

What do the phrenic, femoral, and sciatic nerve innervate respectively?

Answer: diaphragm, anterior thigh muscles, and lower limb except anterior thigh

Label the reflex in the order that impulse are sent:

Answers:1. Receptor2. Sensory (afferent) neuron3. Interneurons4. Motor (efferent) neuron5. Effector

A ___________ reflex is the simplest form of reflex and does not involve any interneurons, as where a ___________ reflex is more complex and has more than one synapse (thus at least 1 interneuron).

1. Simple, complex2. Unisynaptic, multisynaptic3. Sensory, motor4. Monosynaptic, polysynaptic

Answer: Monosynaptic, polysynaptic

Can you name an example of each type of reflex?Answer: Monosynaptic – knee jerk reflexPolysynaptic – withdrawal reflex

Which of the following explains the true difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous system?

1. Somatic innervates smooth muscles as where autonomic innervates skeletal muscles.

2. Somatic is under “voluntary” control as where autonomic is under “involuntary” control.

3. Autonomic involves simply sensory neurons as where somatic strictly involves motor neurons.

4. Autonomic is found on the ventral side of the spinal cord and somatic is found on the dorsal.

Answer: Somatic is under “voluntary” control as where autonomic is under “involuntary” control.

Which is generally monosynaptic and which is generally polysnaptic?

Answer:Somatic nervous system = monosynaptic with 1 somatic sensory and 1 somatic motor neuron.Autonomic nervous system = polysynaptic with 1 visceral sensory neuron and 2 autonomic motor neurons.

Name the 3 labeled structures of the autonomic nervous system:

1. 2. 3.Preganglionic Axon Postganglionic AxonAutonomic Ganglion

The autonomic nervous system is composed of 2 divisions: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic. The following pictures demonstrate examples of which?

??

Parasympathetic Division Sympathetic Division

State whether each description is referring to the parasympathetic or sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system:

1. Also known as the “fight or flight” division. It is activated in emergency situation and when the body is excited or stressed.

2. Also known as the “rest and digest” division. It conserves energy and replenishes energy stores.

3. It originates off of the brainstem (cranial nerves III, VII, I, and X) and the sacral spinal cord.

4. It originates from vertebrae T1 to L2 of the spinal cord.

Answers:1. Sympathetic2. Parasympathetic3. Parasympathetic4. Sympathetic

Most organs are innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Name the effects each divisions has on the following organs:

Organ Parasympathetic Sympathetic

Pupils

Digestive System

Heart

Blood Vessels

Pupil constriction

Increases activities related to digestion

Decreases heart rate

Not innervated or vasodilation

Pupil dilation

Reduces activities related to digestion

Increases heart rate

Vasoconstriction to increase BP

Which of the following is not a general sense:

1. Temperature2. Touch3. Pain4. Pressure5. Equilibrium6. Stretch

Answer: Equilibrium

Name the 5 special senses:1. Gustation/Taste2. Olfaction/Smell3. Vision/Sight4. Equilibrium5. Audition/Hearing

Match the receptors with the stimuli they detect:

1. Thermoreceptors2. Nociceptors3. Barorectors4. Chemoreceptors5. Mechanoreceptors6. Photoreceptors

Pain

Audition and Balance

Light/Color

Taste and Smell

Heat

Blood Pressure

________ are mechanoreptors that react to touch, pressure, and vibration.

1. Tactile Receptors2. Sensory Receptors3. Physical Receptors4. Dentritic Receptors

Free nerve ending

Tactile disc

Ruffini corpuscle

Root hair plexus

Lamellated corpuscle

Dermis

Subcutaneous layer

Krause bulb

Tactile corpuscle

Answer: Tactile Receptors

In what 2 areas are Tactile Receptors found?

Answer: Dermis and Hypodermis

Name the type of papillae on the tongue based on the following descriptions:

1. anterior 2/3 tongue, no taste buds.2. tip and sides of tongue, few taste buds.3. back of tongue, largest.4. lateral tongue, taste buds during infancy.

1. _________________2. _________________3. _________________4. _________________

1. _____________

2. _____________

3. _____________

4. _____________

Filiform

Vallate

Fungiform

Foliate

Filiform

Fungiform

Vallate

Foliate

Which of the following is not one of the 5 flavors detected by the tongue?

1. Umani2. Bitter3. Sweet4. Salty5. Spicy6. Sour

Answer: Spicy

The _________ nerve innervates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue as where the _________ innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue.

1. Hypoglossal, Glossopharyngeal2. Glossopharyngeal, Abducens3. Abducens, Facial4. Glossopharyngeal, Facial

Ansser: Glossopharyngeal, Facial

Label them in the picture to the right:

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Facial Nerve (VII)

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)

Name the following cells involved in olfaction based on the descriptions below:

1. Are chemoreceptors and bipolar neurons.2. Are stem-like cells used for the renewal of other cells.3. Surround and support olfactory neurons.

1._________________2._________________3._________________

Olfactory Receptor Cells/neurons

Basal Cells

Supporting Cells

Name the accessory structures of the eye based on the descriptions below:

1. Prevents Foreign objects from contacting the eye2. Produces, secretes, and carries tears.3. Covers eye’s anterior surface and internal eyelid surface.4. Found on the inside of the eyelid and constantly moistens the

outside of the eye.

Word Bank: ConjunctivaEyebrows/Eyelashes/EyelidsLacrimal SystemTarsal Glands

Answers:1. Eyebrows/Eyelashes/Eyelids2. Lacrimal System3. Conjunctiva4. Tarsal Glands

1 2

3

4

5

6

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Name the following eye structures:1. Lens2. Pupil3. Anterior chamber4. Posterior chamber5. Vitreous chamber6. Optic nerve

What type of fluid are the three chambers of the eye filled with?

Answers:Aqueous, Aqueous, Vitreous (respectively)

Where are the following structures of the eye located?

1. Sclera2. Cornea3. Choroid4. Ciliary body5. Suspensory

ligaments6. Iris7. Retina

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

_________ operate best in bright light and provide high acuity color vision, as where _________ function in dim light and don’t provide sharp or colored vision.

1. Cones, Cylinders2. Cones, Rods3. Cylinders, Cones4. Rods, Cones

Answer: Cones, Rods

Which of the 2 structures is found most abundantly in the retina?

Answer: Rods

Which of the following doesn’t contain cones?

1. Fovea Centralis2. Retina3. Optic Disc4. Macula Lutea

Answer: Optic Disc

Macula lutea

Foveacentralis

Bloodvessels Optic disc

Lateral Medial

Label the structures of the external ear:

External ear

Auricle

External acoustic meatus

Tympanicmembrane

1.2.

3.

Answers:1.Auricle2.External Auditory Meatus3.Tympanic Membrane

Which of the following structures is responsible for producing earwax that impedes microorganism growth?

1. Tympanic Membrane2. Ceruminous Glands3. Choroid Plexuses4. Basal Cells

Answer: Ceruminous Glands

Name the three bones of the middle ear:

1.___________________2.___________________

3.___________________

Malleus

Incus

Stapes

Which structure is found beneath the footplate of the stapes?

Answer: Oval Window

Name the following structures of the inner ear based on the descriptions below:

1. Senses Audition.2. Detects acceleration and deceleration. Helps sense equilibrium.3. Detects rotational movements and helps sense equilibrium.4. The vestibular and cochlear nerves come together to from this

cranial nerve.

Answers: 1. Cochlea2. Vestibule3. Semicircular Canals4. Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII)

Name the following structures of the Cochlea:

Oval window

Round window

Scala vestibuli

Scala tympani

Cochlear duct

Vestibular membrane

Basilar membrane

1

2 3

4

5

Cochlear branchof CN VIII

Scala Vestibuli

Scala Tympani

Cochlear Duct

Oval Window

Round Window

Vestibular Membrane

Basilar Membrane

Name the type of liquid in the ear:__________ is found in the cochlear duct as where __________ is found in the scala vestibuli and scala tympani.

1. Perilymph, Epilymph2. Endolymph, Epiymph3. Endolymph, Hypolymph4. Endolymph, Perilymph

Answer: Endolymph, Perilymph

3.

1. 2.

Which of the following shows the location of a hair cell? What is this structure called?

Answer: 3. Spiral Organ of Corti

Name the following eye diseases:

1._____________ is a major cause of blindness due to the lens becoming oblique. It can be treated with an artificial lens.

2. _____________ destroys sharp, central vision by damaging or killing cells of the macula and surrounding structures.

1. Cataracts 2. Macular Degeneration