Review of Session 2001-2002

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The Royal Society of Edinburgh

Review 2003 (Session 2001-2002)


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THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH

REVIEW OF THE SESSION 2001-2002


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The Royal Society of Edinburgh

22-26 George Street

Edinburgh, EH2 2PQ

Telephone : 0131 240 5000

Fax : 0131 240 5024

email : [email protected]

Scottish Charity No SC000470

Printed in Great Britain by J W Arrowsmith Ltd, Bristol, BS3 2NTCover illustration by Aird McKinstrie. Design by Jennifer Cameron


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THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH

REVIEW OF THE SESSION 2001-2002

PUBLISHED BY

THE RSE SCOTLAND FOUNDATION

ISSN 1476-4342


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PROCEEDINGS OF THE ORDINARY MEETINGS5 November 2001

ChairmanThe Rt Hon Lord Ross PC, VPRSE

Formal Admission to FellowshipProfessor Roger Crofts, ProfessorHugh Miller, Professor SusanSmith and Professor MichaelSummerfield.

Lecture (chaired by Professor J SBeck, FRSE)Therapeutic Cloning and Repro-

gramming in Stem Cell Research.Dr Harry Griffin, Roslin Instituteand Professor Michael Steel FRSE,University of St Andrews. (page71)

3 December 2001

Chairman

Sir William Stewart FRS, PRSE.LectureOptions and Opportunities in aPandemic of Diabetes. ProfessorRay Newton and Dr AndrewMorris, Ninewells Hospital andMedical School, Dundee (page 75)

7 January 2002

ChairmanSir William Stewart FRS PRSE.LectureKnowledge for Vision: Vision for Knowledge. (Royal SocietyMedawar Lecture. ProfessorRichard Gregory CBE FRS FRSE,Professor of Neuropsychology,University of Bristol. (page 79)

4 February 2002

ChairmanSir William Stewart FRS, PRSE.

Formal Admission to FellowshipProfessor Peter Humfrey.

LectureMuslims, Jews and Christians - theQuest for Human Solidarity. PrinceEl Hassan bin Talal of theHashemite Kingdom of Jordan.(page 81)

4 March 2002

ChairmanThe Rt Hon Lord Ross PC, VPRSE.

Election of Fellows Following aballot, those Fellows shown onpage 183 were elected to theFellowship.

ScrutineersProfessor V B Proudfoot and Dr CD Waterston.

LectureRegeneration of the Forth & Clydeand Union Canals. ProfessorRoland Paxton MBE, FRSE,Honorary Professor, Departmentof Civil and Offshore Engineering,

Heriot-Watt University, Mr JimStirling, Director of British Water-ways and Professor GeorgeFleming FRSE, Professor and Headof Water and EnvironmentalManagement Division, StrathclydeUniversity. (page 89)


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Review of the Session 2001-2002

13 May 2002

ChairmanSir William Stewart FRS PRSE.

LectureHow and Why We Age. ProfessorTom Kirkwood, Professor ofGerontology, University ofNewcastle. (page 98)

1 July 2002

ChairmanSir William Stewart FRS, PRSE.

Formal Admission to FellowshipMr Richard Armstrong, ProfessorDavid Nevin Fraser Bell, ProfessorSergio Della Sala, ProfessorAndrew Harrison, Ms MargaretPatricia Henton, Professor DerekWilliam Johnston, Professor RobinLaw, Professor Thomas FrederickMelham, Professor Ilya Molch-anov, Mr Ian Cleland Ritchie.

LectureBasic Science and the Wealth of Nations. Professor Ian HallidayFRSE, Chief Executive, ParticlePhysics and Astronomy Research

Council (PPARC), Professor at

Imperial College London, Head ofPhysics and Dean of the GraduateSchool at Swansea University,member of the Governing Councilof the European Science Founda-tion, Board Member of theEuropean Research AdvisoryBoard (EURAB). (page 107)

30 September 2002

ChairmanProfessor Andrew Walker VPFRSE.

Formal Admission to FellowshipProfessor Kenneth Norrie, Profes-sor Jane Plant CBE.

LectureScotland and China: GrowingTogether. Professor StephenBlackmore, Regius Keeper of theRoyal Botanic Garden Edinburgh(RBGE). (page 112)


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issues of scientific importance.

The Committee, chaired byProfessor Wilson Sibbett FRS,FRSE, and drawn from a range ofsectors, including education,business, science communication,academia and research, wasappointed by the RSE and hasbeen developing its future workplan. The SSAC is, of course,independent of the RSE in itsdeliberations and its conclusions.This Session has also seen thedevelopment of the RSEs fund-raising initiative and I am gratefulto all those who have contributed.The Fellows Fundraising cam-paign got under way in November2001, with a target for Fellowsdonations set at 400,000 and at

time of going to press it was closeto being achieved, with over355,000 pledged. The 5milliontarget for partnership activity hasalso been achieved, thanks tomajor grants from Lloyds TSBFoundation for Scotland, ScottishEnterprise and the GannochyTrust. Such fund-raising effortswill help provide the resources forthe RSE to deliver the goals andobjectives of its Corporate Plan,promote learning and put themultidisciplinary expertise of itsFellows to work for the good ofScotland. The aim of the nextstage of the fundraising campaignis to raise significant money frommajor corporations.

Young Peoples ActivitiesThe Societys Young Peoples

Programme has undertaken a

number of events this year acrossthe breadth of Scotland. TheChristmas lecture by NASAAstronaut, Dr Bonnie Dunbar,Corr FRSE, was held at DumfriesAcademy and described theimportance of exploration, fromthe early explorers at the turn ofthe 20th Century to those whoexplore space today. The non-residential Science Summer Camp,supported by Shell Expro, washeld at Satrosphere and Universityof Aberdeen this year. The themeof the event was Waste and theEnvironment and included amixture of talks, hands onactivities and field trips.

The Startup Science Masterclasses,

supported by Lloyds TSB Founda-tion for Scotland, ran at locationsacross Scotland, including theUniversity of Glasgow, theUniversity of St. Andrews, Heriot-Watt University, the University ofDundee and Satrosphere (inassociation with the University ofAberdeen). The RSEs SaturdayMaths Masterclasses were heldthis year at Dalmeny PrimarySchool and Kelvinside Academy,Glasgow, and the Physics Master-classes were held in conjunctionwith the Department of Physicsand Astronomy at the Universityof Glasgow.

The Schools Lectures took placeat venues from Livingston to the

Isle of Lewis and were part ofTechFest and National Science


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Proceedings of the Annual Statutory Meeting

Week. A Discussion Forum for S5-

6 pupils (supported by the DarwinTrust) on the technology andethics underlying therapeutic andreproductive cloning was held atStirling University, and the RSERoadshow, with talks and work-shops for local primary andsecondary students, as well as thegeneral public, was held atEyemouth High School in Berwick-shire.For the first time, in recognition ofall this activity, 12 certificates werepresented at the RSEs AnnualAwards Reception in July to thosewho have made an outstandingcontribution to the Societysactivities for young people.

Links with IndustryThe Society has continued tostrengthen the links betweenindustry and academia. Twofurther high-profile ForesightSeminars were held in November2001 and February 2002 on thetopics of Lab on a ChipTechnology , at the RSE, andTransport Technologies and Logistics, in Glasgow, inpartnership with the ScottishExecutive and SHEFC.

One particular highlight in thisarea included the very successful Innovation in Scotland in the21st Century Matching Knowl-edge and Enterprise Conferenceat the Glasgow Thistle Hotel. Thisevent was co-hosted by theScottish Higher Education Fund-

ing Council, Scottish Enterprise

and the Scottish Executive andwas attended by 320 people.Another well-attended event wasa half-day conference on Manag-ing Intellectual Property inScottish Higher Education at theRSE on 28th June, supported bythe RSE, Scottish Enterprise,SHEFC and Universities Scotland.

Research AwardsThe Society supports researchacross a broad range of disci-plines, and recognises researchexcellence, through its fellow-ships, prizes and prizelectureships. We were delightedthat Scottish Enterprise committed5.5 million for a second round ofEnterprise Fellowships from 2002

to 2007, allowing the Society toaward 80 new Fellowships overthis period. This followed a verypositive independent review andevaluation, by Segal QuinceWicksted, of the 13 EnterpriseFellowships that had beencompleted since Spring 2001.

In the latest round of awards, theSociety awarded nine EnterpriseFellowships, one PPARC EnterpriseFellowship, one BP Fellowship,and two Lloyds TSB Foundationfor Scotland Personal Fellowshipsand four Lloyds TSB Foundationfor Scotland PhD Studentships.With the additional funding fromthe Scottish Executive Enterpriseand Lifelong Learning Department

now in place, the Society was alsoable to award a larger number of


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Personal and Support Fellowships

this year, and awarded twoPersonal Fellowships, threeSupport Fellowships and two newScience Fellowships for Teachers.These new Fellowships for science,engineering, technology andcareers teachers in Scottishsecondary schools provide theopportunity to take up to threemonths away from teachingduties to spend time in anindustry, research or businessenvironment; funding for areplacement teacher in theapplicants school is also provided.

In honouring outstandingachievement the RSE presented anumber of Prizes and awards thisSession. This year was the third

round of Royal Medals foroutstanding achievement, whichwere awarded by HRH ThePrincess Royal, Hon FRSE, at adinner in the Signet Library on 3October. This years medals wereawarded to: Professor Sir AlfredCuschieri FRSE, Professor JohnMallard OBE, FRSE and ProfessorSir Alan Peacock FBA, FRSE. Inaddition, the James Scott PrizeLectureship on the fundamentalconcepts of natural philosophywas awarded to Professor SirMichael Berry FRS; the BP PrizeLectureship in the humanities wasawarded to Dr Colin Kidd; theMakdougall-Brisbane Prize fordistinction in the promotion ofscientific research was awarded toDr Dario Alessi FRSE and the Neill

Medal for an outstanding publica-

tion in natural history, wasawarded to Professor PhilipCorbet FRSE.

Evidence, Advice & CommentIn fulfilling our role as a providerof expert evidence and advice toParliaments and Governments, theSociety has responded to 29requests for comment in the

2001-2002 Session. These haveincluded topics such as managingradioactive waste safely, regula-tions on the deliberate release ofGMOs into the environment, areview of arts and humanitiesresearch funding and researchand knowledge transfer inScotland.

In addition to responsive evi-dence, the Society has alsoinstigated a number of proactiveInquiries. In February, promptedby a symposium on MedicalPractice and the Growth ofLitigation in the UK held at theRSE last year, the Societys Work-ing Group, chaired by Lord Ross,published its report EncouragingResolution which exploredmediation as a means of resolvingclinical negligence disputes.

In June, the Societys WorkingParty on Infectious SalmonAnaemia, chaired by Professor SirRoderick MacSween, published itsreport The Scientific IssuesSurrounding the Control of Infectious Salmon Anaemia (ISA)in Scotland which looked into the


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science behind legislation govern-

ing the control of InfectiousSalmon Anaemia, which had beendamaging one of Scotlands mostimportant industries.

In July, the Societys InquiryCommittee into Foot and MouthDisease in Scotland, chaired byProfessor Ian Cunningham,published its report Inquiry into

Foot and Mouth Disease inScotland which investigated theoutbreak, spread and control ofFoot and Mouth Disease inScotland during the 2001 epi-demic, including the effects onthe rural and tourist economies ofScotland. The RSE attractedparticularly high levels of pressand media coverage for this report

and its findings, with journalistsshowing particular interest invaccination, import controls andpublic confidence in vaccinatedmeat.

MeetingsThe Society has again increasedthe number and variety of eventsin its meetings programme. Thequality of meetings remains high,and with positive feedback fromaudiences the Society is succeed-ing in raising its public profile.

Successful events this year haveincluded a lecture from Dr BonnieDunbar, Corr FRSE, Astronaut andAssistant Director of UniversityResearch and Affairs, NASAentitled From RSS Discovery toSpace Shuttle Discovery: Leading

the way for Exploration of the

Space Frontier . This event was jointly hosted with Heriot-WattUniversity and filled 550 seats atthe Riccarton Conference Centre.

Other highlights have included:

a public lecture on the Regener-ation of the Forth & Clyde and Union Canals , by ProfessorRoland Paxton MBE FRSE, Mr

Jim Stirling and ProfessorGeorge Fleming FRSE, includingdetails of the construction ofthe Falkirk Wheel;

a Regional Event at the Universi-ty of Dundee on Strangers in aStrange Land? Two Centuries of the Irish in Scotland by Profes-sor Tom Devine, describing

Scotlands largest immigrantgroup;

a public lecture on Epidemics of Infectious Diseases in Livestock by Professor Roy Anderson,

jointly hosted with the ScottishAgricultural & BiologicalResearch Institutes at theMacaulay Institute in Aberdeen,which discussed the interfacebetween scientific research andpolicy formation, in light of the2001 Foot and Mouth epidemicand the BSE epidemic.

This years CRF/RSE InternationalConference was on the topic ofMemory: Physiological Processesand Clinical Implications , andattracted 156 participants from

the UK, the USA and Canada. Theevent covered a range of topics


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including amnesia, epilepsy and

the consequences of neurodegen-erative disease.

PublicationsThe Society published six issues ofProceedings A: Mathematics andthree issues of Transactions: EarthSciences (including one doubleissue), and a steady rate ofsubmission of papers to both

journals has been maintained.The new look RSE News Re-SourcE has been published twicethis year in its more user friendlyformat and has been disseminat-ed widely. Contributions fromFellows for additional materialcontinue to be as welcome as ever.

Fellowship Matters

The election year 2001 - 2002,culminating in the election ofFellows in March 2002, was thesecond of an initial three-yearexercise following the recommen-dations of Professor LaversWorking Party on the Balance ofthe Fellowship. In March 2002,the Society elected 62 newFellows: four Honorary Fellows,

four Corresponding Fellows and54 Ordinary Fellows. With respectto age and gender, the averageage of the new Ordinary Fellowswas 50.4. Seven women wereelected as Ordinary Fellows andone woman was elected as anHonorary Fellow.

Current statistics show that theFellowship is comprised of 67Honorary Fellows, 14 Correspond-

ing Fellows and 1211 Ordinary

Fellows - 1292 in total. WomenFellows make up 5.7 % of theFellowship and the average age ofthe Fellowship stands at 66.8years. The percentage distributionof disciplines in the Fellowship (asof September 2002) may besummarised under the four SectorGroups:

Life Sciences 35% Physical, Engineering and

Informatic Sciences 39%

Arts, Humanities and SocialSciences 18%

Economics, Business andAdministration 8%.

72.5 % of Fellows are resident inScotland, 18.4% in England,8.5% overseas and 0.6% either inWales, Northern Ireland or Ireland.

Dr Charles Waterson FRSE and MrAngus Shearer have also succeed-ed with the first objective incompiling a biographical detailsdatabase of every RSE Fellow sincethe Founding of the Society, bycreating an electronic record ofthe basic biographical details ofevery Fellow. The next phase willbe to enter further biographicaldetails.

International ActivitiesOur international programmecontinues to develop and we havemade excellent progress indeveloping and enhancing our

links and relations in Europe andbeyond. We obtained member-


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ship of the All European Acade-

mies Network (ALLEA) in theSpring of 2002 and strengthenedour links with European contacts -notably in October 2002 we alsosigned a Memorandum ofScientific Co-operation with thePolish Academy of Sciences. Inaddition, we have hosted Scottish

/ European events, the most recentbeing a seminar for the Scottishresearch community whichpromoted research opportunitieswithin the upcoming EU Frame-work 6 programme, in partnershipwith Scotland Europa and the UKResearch Organisation, Brussels.

In partnership with the KarolinskaInstitute, Stockholm and the RoyalSwedish Academy of Sciences, we

also held a joint life sciences &biotechnology event in Stockholmon 17 October 2002. This was themain pillar of a wider programmeentitled Scotland in Sweden , runby the Scottish Executive Sweden,from 16-19 October, to promoteand position Scotland in areassuch as arts, culture, governance,science and tourism. The Executivecommissioned the Society toorganise the science event onbehalf of Scotland. We weredelighted to do so and thePresident lead a delegation whichdemonstrated Scotland as beingat the leading edge of life scienc-es. The event was an excellentexample of the positive contribu-tion which the Society continuesto make to support Scotland

within the devolution settlement

and in further developing itsoverseas relationships

Beyond Europe, the Society signedMemoranda of Scientific Co-operation with the ChineseAcademy of Sciences (CAS) andthe National Science CouncilTaiwan. The Memorandum withCAS was ratified during a vist to

China by a small RSE delegation,led by Lord Wilson of Tillyorn.Work is in hand regarding thepractical implementation of bothagreements. In addition, His RoyalHighness Prince El Hassan binTalal of the Hashemite Kingdomof Jordan, spoke at the Society onthe 4 February 2002 on the questfor human solidarity between

Christians, Muslims and Jews,reflecting on the events ofSeptember 11th 2001.

As a final international event thisSession, the European ResearchCommissioner Philipe Busquinvisited the RSE on 28 October2002 to give a lecture which,given the scale and importance ofEuropean Union funding forresearch, and the proximity to hislaunching of the EU Framework 6programme, is a great coup forthe Society.

Staffing MattersThe staff complement of the RSEhas continued to develop to meetthe growing activities of the


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Society. During this Session there

were a number of departures andarrivals. To the following staff whohave left the Society I would liketo give the Societys thanks fortheir support and commitment:

Ms Jennifer Etchells, Facilities andConference Co-ordinatorMs Elaine Hay, Research Fellow-ships Assistant/Telephonist

Ms Beth Owens, Assistant to theRSE Foot and Mouth InquiryMs Wendy Saunders, Events Co-ordinatorMs Anna Whitehead, TemporaryEvents Assistant

New staff welcomed in thissession are:

Mrs Elizabeth Bigelow, Reception-

ist/TelephonistMiss Rosn Calvert, EventsManagerMs Kirsteen Francis, Facilities Co-ordinatorMs Sarah Gilmore, Events Assist-antMs Paulette Hughes, Receptionist/ TelephonistMrs Jenny Liddell, Research

Awards Co-ordinatorMr Colin Nelson, Facilities Assist-antMrs Margaret Tait, Receptionist/ TelephonistMr Duncan Welsh, TemporaryEvents Co-ordinatorMr Michael White, InternationalOfficer (seconded from the BritishCouncil).

In setting up the Scottish Science

Advisory Committee (SSAC), theSociety was similarly pleased toappoint Dr Avril Davidson as theHead of the SSAC Secretariat andMs Tracy Rickard as Administratorfor the SSAC.

I would also like to thank MrMichael Westcott, formerlyAssistant Secretary, University of

Edinburgh, for his on-going workthis Session, in building thearchitecture for a filing system forRSE archives.

This year has been my first year asGeneral Secretary and I willcontinue to build upon theachievements of my predecessor,Professor Peter Wilson. TheFellows are a national asset ofgreat worth and I will do all I canto stimulate their contribution toScottish society in the discoveryand application of new knowl-edge.

Treasurers Report

Sir Laurence Hunter, CBE, FRSE,said

I would like to use my time thisevening to do three things:

1.Report on the 2001-02 ac-counts and comment on someof the main factors underlyingthe figures.

2.Report on the outlook for thecurrent financial year (2002-03).

3.Take a more general look at thelonger-term financial position


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available to the Society and the

Foundation from a variety ofsources. The net outcome,however, will be a further butmuch reduced deficit in thecurrent financial year.

May I now turn to my third andfinal topic the longer termoutlook. Clearly the run ofdeficits has to be brought to an

end. The Society simply cannotcontinue to run deficits as it hasbeen doing, and I am only tooaware that this either has to meansignificant economies or addition-al sources of income to supportthe expanded level of activities.The good news here is that theScottish Executive, as you will haveheard from the President, has

agreed to significantly raise thefunding it makes available to theSociety, over the next three years.Critically, this will not only bringsupport to the Societys pro-grammes for Research andTeaching Fellowships, for theunderstanding of science and foradvice on public issues in science,but it will provide much-neededcore support for the staffing andadministration of the Societysprogrammes. The impact of this,and a successful first phase offundraising, on future budgets iscurrently being worked on, in thecontext of a revised, tighter,budget planning procedure,under the watchful eye of theTreasurers Committee, which wasset up just over a year ago to help

manage the Society through a

difficult period. Our aim is torestore a stable financial balancein the Society and Foundation, toset about rebuilding reserves, andto identify a level of activity that issustainable over the longer term.To some extent, the futureprospects will depend on thesuccess of the second phase offundraising, focused mainly oncommercial organisations, butthere is no doubt that the newfunding already achieved will bean enormous help.

I would like to conclude bythanking my colleagues on theTreasurers Committee, particularlyLord Ross who stood in for meduring a period of absence, and

Kate Ellis and William Duncan fortheir immense work behind thescenes. I, and indeed the Society,owe a great debt to them.

Following the opportunity to askquestions of the Officers, coveringissues such as the Corporate Plan,prospects for increased ScottishExecutive funding, the relation-ship between the Society andScottish Science Advisory Commit-tee, and closer links with BritishCouncil, it was agreed unani-mously that the GeneralSecretarys and Treasurers reportsshould be accepted. The Presi-dent thanked the Officers for theirreports and their work for theSociety.


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The President reported that the

power to appoint Auditors nowlay with Council which intendedto reappoint KPMG, subject tosatisfactory negotiations over fees.It was agreed unanimously thatCouncil should proceed toexercise its power to appointauditors as indicated.

Election of Council

The President asked the Scruti-neers to report and they indicatedthat the papers were in order andthat the Fellows listed on theBallot Sheet had been electedunanimously to serve as theCouncil for 2002-2003. ThePresident thanked the Scrutineers.

Sir William thanked the Officers

and members of Council who hadserved with him, in particularthose also retiring at this ASM, vizLord Ross, Vice-President; Profes-sor Malcolm McLeod, Curator;Professor John Laver, FellowshipSecretary; Professor John Coggins,Research Awards Convener; Dr

Lesley Glasser, Young Peoples

Programme Convener andProfessor Malcolm Peaker.

Bicentenary Medal

The President presented theBicentenary Medal to ProfessorPeter Wilson, CBE, FRSE, for hisoutstanding service to the Society,particularly as General Secretary(1996-2001).

New President

Sir William then formally handedover the Presidents Insignia toLord Sutherland of Houndwood,Kt, FBA, FRSE, and wished himwell during his period as Presi-dent. Lord Sutherlandcommented on the many achieve-ments of Sir Williams Presidency

and thanked him most warmly forhis contribution.


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The Council of the Society as

Trustees of the Society presenttheir report for the financial yearended 31 March 2002.

Statement of Councils responsi-bilities

Under the Laws of the Society, theCouncil has the responsibility tomanage all matters concerningthe affairs of the Society. The

Treasurer, a member of theCouncil, has a duty under theLaws of the Society to present tothe Fellows at the StatutoryMeeting the accounts for thepreceding financial year to 31March.

Under Charities legislation, theCouncil is required to prepare

accounts for each financial yearwhich give a true and fair view ofthe state of affairs of the Societyat 31 March and of its financialactivities during the year thenended.

In preparing these accounts, theCouncil should

select suitable accounting

policies and apply themconsistently;

make judgements and estimatesthat are reasonable andprudent;

ensure that the recommenda-tions of the Statement ofRecommended Practice (Ac-counting by Charities) have

been followed;

TRUSTEES REPORT TO 31 MARCH 2002 prepare the accounts on a

going-concern basis unless it isinappropriate to assume theSociety will continue its activi-ties.

The Council has a responsibilityfor keeping proper accountingrecords which disclose withreasonable accuracy at any timethe financial position of the

Society and which enable it tocomply with the Law Reform(Miscellaneous Provisions)(Scotland) Act 1990 and theCharities Accounts (Scotland)Regulations 1992. It has generalresponsibility for taking suchsteps as are reasonably open to itto safeguard the assets of thecharity and to prevent and detect

fraud and other irregularities.Investment powers and policy

The Council has power under theLaws to control the investment ofthe Funds of the Society.

The management of the invest-ments is carried out by StewartIvory Wealth Management on adiscretionary basis. The objectivesset by the Council of the RSE arefirst to stabilise a sufficient level ofincome to meet the target setannually by Council and thereafterto invest for capital growthpotential. The Council hasdelegated the detailed monitoringof performance to the InvestmentCommittee, which makes compar-isons against a compositebenchmark reflecting the mix of


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assets held and the WM Median

index.As a consequence of the restric-tion being placed on the totalreturn available from the portfolioby the high income requirement,the Council has agreed in princi-ple to realise part of the overallcapital gain to make up a propor-tion of the targeted return for

the year subject to no more than2% of capital value being drawnout of capital. This has not yetbeen drawn down. The incometargets for the year have been metand the total return values haveout-performed the average charityindex and the UK market.

Representatives of the InvestmentCommittee meet annually withthe fund managers to discusstheir compliance with theconstraints set by the Committeeand the risk environment. In theyear under review no complianceissues arose which required to bereported to the Committee.

Operating policies - GrantMaking

The RSE makes grants to individu-als in higher educationinstitutions in support of researchactivities in the categories ofpostdoctoral research Fellowships,support research Fellowships,post-graduate Studentships,undergraduate vacation Scholar-ships and Enterprise Fellowships.Each of these categories isspecifically funded from various

sources including the RSEs

restricted funds. The basis ofeligibility and selection variesaccording to the detailed schemeregulations, which are publishedon the RSEs Web site(www.royalsoced.org.uk).

Grants are also made in supportof research activities of Fellows ofthe RSE including support for

travel connected with research orscholarship, small scale specialistmeetings, to assist researchvisitors to Scotland to undertakecollaborative research work with aFellow, to assist a visiting lecturerto come to Scotland to assistresearch collaboration betweentwo institutions in Scotland orbetween universities and industry

and to assist in the publication ofbooks written by Fellows. Thesegrants are funded by the RSEsdesignated Grants Fund. TheGrants Committee is responsiblefor making awards in accordancewith the detailed rules set out bythe Council of the Society for thedisbursement of the Grants fund.

Details of committee membershipare to be found in the Societysannual directory and on itswebsite.

Reserves Policy and Funds

The Society holds a number ofrestricted funds resulting frombequests for particular purposes,details of which are set out innote 2(c) to the financial state-ments. The Council has also


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This year has seen the RSE becomean integral part of the ScottishExecutives Scottish ScienceStrategy, with the RSE beingcharged with the setting-up of theScottish Science Advisory Commit-tee, chaired by Professor WilsonSibbett FRS FRSE, to identifypriorities, inform policy in science

and technology and adviseScottish Executive Ministers onissues of scientific importance.This Scottish Science Strategytakes forward the key recommen-dations of the Science StrategyReview Group and some of therecommendations of the RoyalSociety of London/Royal Society ofEdinburgh joint report on Devolu-tion and Science.This year has also seen the launchof the RSEs fundraising initiative.We were delighted and honouredthat HRH the Duke of Edinburgh,who celebrated his 50th anniver-sary as an Honorary Fellow, agreedto be Patron of this campaign,which he launched at the RSE on

6 August 2001.There were a number of regularchanges to Council membershipfollowing the Annual StatutoryMeeting this year. The Council bidfarewell to Professor RobertDonovan, who had provided avaluable contribution as Vice-President, and welcomed his

successor, Professor Andy Walker.This year has also seen the

hand-over of the post of GeneralSecretary from Professor PeterWilson to Professor AndrewMiller. The Council was verygrateful for all the hard workProfessor Wilson put into his roleas General Secretary and nowhopes to build upon the founda-tions established by hisdedication.Links with Young People

The Societys Young Peoplesprogramme has again been busythis year with events taking placeacross Scotland. A DiscussionForum on Mobile Phone Technol-ogy and Safety for S5-6 pupils washeld at Glasgow University, held

jointly between the RSE and theBA, and supported by EPSRC andInstitute of Physics. For a week inthe summer, S1/S2 pupils attend-ed the new RSE Summer ScienceCamp at Satrosphere in Aberdeen.This was a week-long non-residential camp with a generaltheme of Space and Time, sup-ported by Lloyds TSB Foundationfor Scotland. The Society also heldnew Physics Masterclasses for S5-6 students, in conjunction withthe University of Glasgow. Thisbuilds on the success of theStartup Science Masterclasses forS1/2 pupils, supported by LloydsTSB Foundation for Scotland,which run at five locations across

Scotland. The RSE Roadshow wasbased at Eyemouth High School in

The Year 1 April 2001-31 March 2002


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Trustees Report to 31 March 2002

Berwickshire, with talks and

workshops for local primary andsecondary students, as well as thegeneral public.

Other successful events haveincluded the RSEs regular Satur-day Maths Masterclasses, thanksto Professor Jack Carr and TeresaCarr. The Schools Lectures tookplace at venues from Livingston to

the Isle of Lewis and were part ofTechFest and National ScienceWeek. The RSE Christmas Lecturewas given by Dr Bonnie Dunbar,NASA Astronaut, Corr FRSE, atDumfries Academy. Dr Dunbarspoke about the importance ofexploration from the early explor-ers at the turn of the 20th Centuryto those who explore space today.

Links with IndustryThe Society has continued tostrengthen the links betweenindustry and academia. Twofurther high-profile ForesightSeminars were held in November2001 and February 2002 on thetopics ofLab on a Chip Technology , at the

RSE, andTransport Technologies and Logistics, in Glasgow, in partner-ship with the Scottish Executiveand SHEFC.

In developing its support forcommercialisation, the RSEorganised a series of Science BaseResearch and Commercialisationworkshops, with the support ofTechnology Ventures Scotland and

SHEFC. The Workshops were held

in Glasgow, Dundee, Edinburghand Inverness and aimed atidentifying and encouraging theadoption of best practice withregard to commercialisationwithin the Scottish science base.

Another highlight was the verysuccessful Innovation in Scotland in the 21st Century - Matching

Knowledge and EnterpriseConference at the Glasgow ThistleHotel. This event was co-hosted bythe Scottish Higher EducationFunding Council, Scottish Enter-prise and Scottish Executive andwas attended by 320 people.

Research Awards

The Society continues to support

research across a broad range ofdisciplines, and recognise researchexcellence, through its fellow-ships, prizes and prizelectureships.

This year was the second round ofRoyal Medals for outstandingachievement, which were awardedby HRH The Duke of Edinburgh ata ceremony in the Palace ofHolyrood. This years medals wereawarded to: Sir James Black,Professor Ian Scott and ProfessorTom Devine.

We were delighted that ScottishEnterprise committed 5.5 millionfor a second round of EnterpriseFellowships from 2002 to 2007,which will allow the Society to

award 80 new Fellowships overthe next five years, commencing in


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the financial year 2002-03. This

followed a very positive independ-ent review and evaluation, bySQW, of the 13 Enterprise Fellow-ships that had been completedsince Spring 1997.

In the latest round of awards, theSociety awarded six EnterpriseFellowships (including two in thenewly funded category of Microe-

lectronics), one PPARC EnterpriseFellowship, one BP Fellowship,and one Lloyds TSB Foundationfor Scotland Fellowship. With theadditional funding from theScottish Executive Enterprise andLifelong Learning Departmentnow in place the Society was alsoable to award a larger number ofPersonal and Support Fellowships

this year, and awarded fivePersonal Fellowships and twoSupport Fellowships. We alsoawarded the Bruce-Preller PrizeLectureship to Professor AdrianBird and look forward to hislecture in due course.

Evidence Advice and Comment

In fulfilling our role as a provider

of expert evidence and advice toParliaments and Governments, theSociety has responded to 41requests for comment in 2001-2002. These have included ahuman rights commission forScotland, possible scenarios forthe uptake of GM in agricultureand the draft Land Reform Bill.

In addition to responsive evi-

dence, the Society has alsoinstigated a number of WorkingParties and Inquiries. In June,prompted by a symposium onMedical Practice and the Growthof Litigation in the UK held at theRSE last year, the Society estab-lished a group, chaired by LordRoss, to exploring mediation as ameans of resolving clinicalnegligence disputes. In October,the Society formed a WorkingParty, Chaired by Sir RoderickMacSween, which looked intorecent changes to the methodolo-gy for identifying cases ofInfectious Salmon Anaemia. InDecember, an Inquiry into Footand Mouth Disease in Scotlandwas initiated, chaired by ProfessorIan Cunningham, to investigatethe outbreak, spread and controlof Foot and Mouth Disease inScotland in 2001.

Scotlands Wellbeing - our publicpolicy seminar programme - hasalso continued, with UrbanCongestion being the subject ofthe fourth event in the series.Through this series the Society hassought to facilitate awholly-inclusive approach topolicy debate in Scotland. Inkeeping with earlier events in theprogramme, it was attended by aScottish Executive Minister, andbrought together a wide range ofinterested stakeholders.


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24


the Ordinary Fellows, 47.8% are

under 65, 5.9% are women,76.1% are in Scotland, 19.1% arein the rest of the UK and 4.8% areresident overseas. The majority(50.7%) of Honorary Fellows arebased overseas and of theremainder, 11.6% are in Scotlandwith 37.7% in the rest of the UK.All Corresponding Fellows have tobe domiciled overseas. Thebreakdown across disciplines is:Life Sciences 34.4%; Physical,Engineering and InformaticSciences 39.2%; Arts, Humanitiesand Social Sciences 18.2%;Economics, Business and Adminis-tration 8.2%.

International activities

Our international programmecontinues to develop and we havemade excellent progress indeveloping and enhancing ourlinks and relations in Europe andbeyond. In Europe, positive stepshave been made regarding theSociety obtaining membership ofthe All European AcademiesNetwork. We will learn theoutcome of that in Spring nextyear. We have also strengthenedor links with European contacts -notably the European Commis-sion, and have hosted majorScottish / European events. The

most recent being the launch of

The Future of Europe Debate inScotland.

Beyond Europe, continuedprogress has been made onestablishing a research exchangeagreement with the NationalScience Council, Taiwan, whichshould be implemented nextApril. Lord Wilson of Tillyorn,

who became the new Internation-al Convener in October 2001, leda small delegation to China toratify a Memorandum of Under-standing with the ChineseAcademy of Sciences, to promoteand strengthen scientific co-operation between both sides.

Staffing Matters

The Society welcomed the ap-pointment to the staff of MrsRisn Calvert as Events Manager,following the departure of MrsHeather Mantell, and the appoint-ment of Mr Frank Pullen, MBE, asCentral Services Manager. MrStuart Armstrong has actedthroughout this period as theSocietys external Fundraising

Consultant. In setting up theScottish Science Advisory Commit-tee (SSAC), the Society was alsopleased to appoint Dr AvrilDavidson as the Head of the SSACSecretariat.

Professor Andrew MillerGeneral Secretary


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25


The accounts for the year ended31 March 2002 have beenprepared to comply with therequirements of the revisedStatement of RecommendedPractice for Charities issued by theAccounting Standards Board. Thishas entailed a revision of thepresentation of Statement of

Financial Activities (SOFA), whichincorporates the income andexpenditure account, as well asnew items of disclosure includedin this Trustees Report. Theseamendments have required thatmuch of the detailed functionalanalysis is now shown in notes tothe accounts with a summarypresentation by type of incomingand outgoing resources in theSOFA. The intention is to makeclearer the overview of the resultfor the year.

Result for the year

Financially, the year was overshad-owed by the loss of thecommercial tenant of the RSEScotland Foundation, withconsequent loss of income to theFoundation of 155,000. Thishas impacted on the Societysaccounts to the extent of a waiverof interest of 85,000 due on itsloan to the Foundation (describedin more detail below). In thiscontext the Societys overall lossfor the year of 121,000 isunsurprising, if disappointing.The General Fund loss amounted

Financial review April 2001-March 2002

to 177,000 before transfers; thishigher level is largely because theGeneral Fund bears the residualcost of management and adminis-tration, publicity and fundraising.On the plus side the Appeal raised91,000 in cash in the periodwith further substantial inflowssince the year end.

Income and ExpenditureTotal incoming resources at 1.96million have increased by 9.7 %over the previous year. The newcategory of donations and grantsat 665,000 shows an increase of52% over last year as a result ofAppeal receipts, a new grant fromScottish Executive for the Scottish

Science Advisory Committee andincreased grant for additionalspecified activities.

Income from activities has in-creased by 5% to 1.18m, theincrease in support for researchawards of nearly 175,000 beingoffset by a fall in meetingsincome. The previous year showed

a particularly high level of incomefrom meetings and events due tothe New Frontiers Exhibition andthe 113,000 for this year is at asimilar level to earlier years.

The category of Investmentincome was much reduced as aresult of the waiver of interestreferred to above but dividendincome from the investmentsmanaged by Stewart Ivory held up


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26


well although the total income

from this source was reducedfrom 104,000 to 98,000because of reducing tax credits,which will be phased out by 2004.The share of investment incomecredited to the General Fund isincreased by approximately30,000 as a result of the earlierdecision by Council not to creditincome to the Grants Fund for thetime being.The total resources expended of2.07 million increased by 10%over the previous year with muchof the increase coming fromincreased expenditure on fund-raising and research awards. Thenew category Cost of GeneratingFunds includes both the direct

fundraising costs and an alloca-tion of general overhead inproportion to overall staff time inthis area.

Grants payable of 1.09million,which include the allocationsmade by the Grants Committeeand the promotion of research byawards of Research Fellowshipsand studentships, have increasedby over 13%, as a result ofadditional Fellowships awardedfrom increased funding by theScottish Executive and the full yearimpact of additional EnterpriseFellowships funded by ScottishEnterprise and PPARC. Expendi-ture here also includes the initialcosts, mainly development and set

up, of the new Scottish Executive

Teaching Fellowships which are

being piloted in the current year.Expenditure on activities felloverall by 3% from 648,000 to626,000 reflecting the lowerexpenditure on meetings in linewith the drop in income. Thiscategory also includes the expend-iture on the increased levels ofadvice and comment, for example

the inquiry on Infectious SalmonAnaemia, Mediation and theHealth Service and the initialstages of the Foot & MouthDisease Inquiry. The costs of59,000 incurred on behalf of theScottish Science Advisory Commit-tee also appear here. Expenditureon international links and theinitial stages of exchange research

fellowships, substantially in-creased by the value of thesecondment of Graeme Herbertfrom the Scottish Executive, morethan doubled to 50,000.

The new category of managementand administration costs, includ-ing building depreciation and nonroutine expenditure on thebuildings and central publicityexpenditure increased from223,000 to 241,000, repre-senting approximately 12% ofincome. This increase was largelydue to publicity expenditure.

Balance Sheet

The overall decline in net assetsfor the year amounts to 1.7%,half of which arises from thebuilding depreciation charge with


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27


the movements on investments

and the loan to the RSE ScotlandFoundation contributing to thebalance. Investment valuesdeclined by only 18,000 or 0.8%in the period against a back-ground of difficult stockmarketconditions.

The RSE Scotland Foundationcontinued to make the capital

payment of 46,800 on its loandespite the waiver of interest andthis amount was applied to thebuilding maintenance fund set upto fund future major buildingrefurbishment. The waiver ofinterest was necessary support toassist the Foundation to recoverfrom its deficit of net assets,which was aggravated considera-

bly by the loss of rental income inthe year ended 31 March 2002.The new Tenant, Lakeland Limited,took possession of the unit at theend of May 2002 and rental willflow from October 2002.

Net current assets showed anincrease of 16,499 or 7%,arising from a decrease in de-ferred income and animprovement in net cash balances,in particular from fundraising.

The small balance of the 1994Appeal fund which remained afterrefurbishment of the Fellowsrooms has been amalgamatedwith the 2001 Appeal fund. Thereceipts of 91,000 for the 2001appeal are shown as designatedfund receipts in the category of

Donations and Grants in the

Statement of Financial Activities.Conclusion and future prospects

In retrospect, the year endedMarch 2002 was a difficult anddisappointing one from a finan-cial point of view. The significantloss of rental income fromHouse Works was highly unwel-come at a time when the Societys

activities and Fellowship pro-grammes were expanding in linewith the Corporate Plan. Theoutcome was another sizeabledeficit, in the context of a growingincome and expenditure account.

Looking forward at the presentfinancial year and beyond, it isclear that the Society has to turn

the corner and achieve a stablebalance in its finances. Thesituation will improve, of course,with the expected flow of rentalincome from the Foundationsnew tenants, Lakeland Limited,but this will accrue only in thesecond half of the presentfinancial year. The initial phase offundraising has been successful,

and that will bring an injection offunds over the next three years orso. It will be important, however,to ensure that these funds areused not to shore up an ongoingdeficit, but to support projectsand programmes designated inthe Corporate and Business Plans.

To this end, the TreasurersCommittee has reviewed thebudget process and will seek to


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refine the forward budgeting

process. It also needs to take ahard look at the underlyinglonger-term issue of financialbalance and to ensure that bothcontinuing and new activities areadequately funded in advance ofimplementation. To a large extent,such development will depend on

the success of various current

initiatives, particularly the secondphase of fund-raising. The aimmust be to achieve a restorationof reserves and a balance ofincome and expenditure in 2003-2004 and beyond.

Laurence C Hunter, Treasurer.


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We have audited the accounts on

pages 31-49.Respective responsibilities ofCouncil and AuditorsThe Council is responsible forpreparing the Trustees Reportand, as described above, theaccounts in accordance with theLaws of the Society, relevant UKlegislation and accounting

standards. Our responsibilities, asindependent auditors, areestablished in the UK by statute,the Auditing Practices Board andby our professions ethicalguidance.

We report to you our opinion asto whether the accounts give atrue and fair view and are properlyprepared in accordance with theLaws of the Society, the LawReform (Miscellaneous Provisions)(Scotland) Act 1990, and theCharities Accounts (Scotland)Regulations 1992. We also reportto you, if, in our opinion, theTrustees report is not consistentwith the financial statements, ifthe Society has not kept proper

accounting records, if we have notreceived all the information andexplanations we require for ouraudit.

Basis of opinionWe conducted our audit inaccordance with Auditing Stand-ards issued by the AuditingPractices Board. An audit includes

examination, on a test basis, ofevidence relevant to the amounts

AUDITORS REPORT AND ACCOUNTSand disclosures in the financial

statements. It also includes anassessment of the significantestimates and judgements madeby the Council in the preparationof the accounts and of whetherthe accounting policies areappropriate to the Societyscircumstances, consistentlyapplied and adequately disclosed.

We planned and performed ouraudit so as to obtain all theinformation and explanationswhich we considered necessary inorder to provide us with sufficientevidence to give reasonableassurance that the accounts arefree from material misstatement,whether caused by fraud or otherirregularity or error. In forming

our opinion we also evaluated theoverall adequacy of the presenta-tion of information in theaccounts.

OpinionIn our opinion the accounts give atrue and fair view of the state ofthe Societys affairs as at 31 March2002 and of its incoming resourc-

es and application of resourcesincluding its income and expendi-ture in the year then ended andhave been properly prepared inaccordance with the Laws of theSociety, The Law Reform (Miscella-neous Provisions) (Scotland) Act1990 and the Charities Accounts(Scotland) Regulations 1992.

KPMG LLP, Chartered Accountants,Registered Auditor, Edinburgh.September 2002


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Note No 2002 2001

Fixed AssetsTangible fixed assets 13 2,587,377 2,665,327Fixed Asset Investment

Investments at market value 14a 2,261,211 2,279,378Historical Cost : 2,143,957(2001 - 2,203,109)Loan to RSE Scotland Foundation 14b 2,125,176 2,171,984

6,973,764 7,116,689

Current Assets

RSE Scotland Foundation current account 56,063 76,815Debtors 15 78,862 112,188Cash at bank and in hand 178,019 44,224Money Market and other term deposits 117,295 250,000

430,239 483,227

Current Liabilities

CreditorsAmounts falling due within one year 16 (171,399) (240,886)

Net Current Assets 258,840 242,341Net Assets 7,232,604 7,359,030Funds

General Fund 17 73,593 212,683

Designated Funds 18 5,788,617 5,779,526Restricted Funds 19 1,370,394 1,366,821

20 7,232,604 7,359,030

Approved by the Council on 30 September 2002

Laurence C Hunter

Sir Laurence Hunter, CBETreasurer

BALANCESHEETAT 31 M ARCH 2002

31

ACCOUNTS


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CASH FLOW STATEMENTYEAR ENDED 31 M ARCH 2002

2002 2001

Reconciliation of net movement in funds to net cashoutflow from operating activitiesNet incoming resources before Transfers (114,749) (75,863)Appeal receipts (91,073) (13,778)Dividends receivable (92,244) (104,412)Interest receivable (9,022) (107,551)Interest payable - -Depreciation 89,505 81,517Decrease/(increase) in debtors 21,591 (28,360)Decrease/(increase) in RSE Scotland Foundation current account 20,752 (140,044)Increase/(decrease) in creditors 5,335 (205,835)Net cash (outflow) from operating activities (169,905) (594,326)

Cash flow statementNet cash outflow from operating activities (169,905) (594,326)Appeal receipts 91,073 13,778Returns on investments and servicing of finance:Interest received 9,582 135,030Interest paid - -Dividends received 103,419 95,478Capital expenditure and financial investment:Purchase of tangible fixed assets: (11,555) (3,639)Proceeds from sale of tangible fixed assets - 320Proceeds from sale of investments 80,373 272,657Purchases of investments (73,882) (260,457)Loan to RSE Scotland Foundation 46,808 46,808Increase/(decrease) in cash 75,913 (294,351)

Reconciliation of net cash flow to movement in net funds(note 25)

Increase/(decrease) in cash in the year 75,913 (294,351)

Net funds at beginning of year 219,401 513,752Net funds at end of year 295,314 219,401

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Auditors Report and Accounts


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NOTES TO THEFINANCIALSTATEMENTSYEARENDED31 M ARCH 2002

1. Accounting basisThe accounts have been drawn up to comply with the provisions of the Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions)(Scotland) Act 1990, the Charity Accounts (Scotland) Regulations 1992 and for the first time follow therecommendations of the revised Statement of Recommended Practice for charities (SORP) approved by theAccounting Standards Board in October 2000. The accounts have been prepared under the historical costaccounting rules as modified to include the revaluation of investments. The accounts comprise three primaryfinancial statements, the Statement of Financial Activities, which incorporates the Income and ExpenditureAccount, the Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Statement.

2 FundsThe Societys funds are classified in accordance with the definitions in the SORP into Restricted funds, wherethere are restrictions placed by a donor as to the use of income or capital, Designated funds, where the Councilof the Society has set aside sums from its unrestricted funds for a particular purpose and the General (unrestricted)Fund. The classifications made are as follows:

a) General Fund - a discretionary Fund available to Council to meet the ordinary activities of the Society.

b) Designated FundsStaff restructuring fund In July 2000 Council resolved to create a Staff restructuring fund, to be used at itsdiscretion to provide flexibility in staffing arrangements and in developing future operations.

1994 Appeal Fund - contributions from Fellows and other benefactors in response to an appeal to replenishSociety Funds following the purchase of 26 George Street and its refurbishment. During the year the balance ofthis fund brought forward was used firstly to refurbish the Fellows rooms and the residual balance was thenamalgamated with the 2001 Appeal. Continuing contributions arising from this appeal are credited to the 2001appeal.

2001 Appeal Fund - an appeal to provide development finance to implement the Societys Corporate plan.

Capital Asset Reserve Fund - representing the book cost of the rooms at 22-24 George Street, and 26George Street and an allocation in respect of funding of the refurbishment of 26 George Street.

Building Maintenance Fund - a reserve to support the future maintenance of the fabric of the Rooms.

Dr James Heggie Fund - income from this fund supports the Societys activities with young people.

Grants Fund - a fund created by contributions and legacies from Fellows and used to provide grants to supportresearch activities of Fellows.C H Kemball Fund - income from this fund is used to provide hospitality for distinguished visitors from otherlearned societies and academies.

c) Restricted FundsRobert Cormack Bequest - to promote astronomical knowledge and research in Scotland.

Lessells Trust - to fund scholarships abroad for engineers.

Auber Bequest - to fund research by naturalised British Citizens over 60 years of age.

Prizes Fund - to fund various prizes.

Dryerre Fund - to fund postgraduate research in medical or veterinary physiology.

Piazzi Smyth Legacy Fund - to fund high altitude astronomical research.CASS Fund - to fund academic/industrial liaison.

Retailing Seminar Fund - to fund a programme of seminars on retailing.

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3 Accounting Policies

Incoming resourcesa) Donations grants and similar incoming resourcesSubscriptions are accounted for on the basis of the subscription year to October 2002 and include income taxrecoverable on subscriptions paid under Gift Aid. Revenue grants are credited to income in the period to whichthey relate; capital grants are deferred and amortised over the useful life of the assets to which they relate.Donations of a recurring nature from other charitable foundations and one-off gifts and legacies included in

other income are taken to revenue in the period to which they relate.

b) Incoming resources for charitable activitiesIncoming resources for activities are accounted for on an accruals basis. Publication income receivable in foreigncurrencies is converted into sterling at rates of exchange ruling at the date of receipt.

c) Investment incomeInterest and dividends are accounted for gross in the year in which they are receivable, tax deducted beingrecovered or recoverable from the Inland Revenue.

Resources expended d) Expenditure and support costsAll resources expended are included on an accruals basis and where directly attributable allocated to the relevantfunctional category. Central costs, which include support costs, are allocated to categories of resource expendedin proportion to staff salaries.

e) Depreciation and repairs The Societys principal assets are its buildings in George Street, Edinburgh. UnderFRS 15 the Society depreciates the buildings assuming a 50 year life. It is the policy of the Council to maintainthe buildings to a high standard and provision is made for upkeep of the buildings through a designation fromGeneral Fund. Any permanent diminutions in value are reflected in the Statement of Financial Activities. Costsof repairs and maintenance are charged against revenue. Minor equipment is written off to Income & ExpenditureAccount in the year of purchase. Computer and audio-visual equipment is depreciated on a straight-line basisover four years.

f) Investments

Investments are stated at their market value at the balance sheet date. Unrealised surpluses on revaluation arecredited to funds in accordance with their proportionate share of the investment portfolio.

g) Pensions The Society participates in defined benefit pension schemes which are externally funded. The costof providing pensions is allocated over employees working lives with the Society and the Foundation and isincluded in staff costs.


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2002 2001

4a Donations, grants and similar incoming resourcesFellows subscriptions 4b 105,121 97,287Scottish Executive Grant 328,000 278,000Scottish Executive Grant re ScottishScience Advisory Committee 24a 55,519 -Release of deferred income 6,413 6,412Other grants and donations 4c 42,530 41,073Gifts in kind - (value of secondment of staff) 36,750 -Appeal receipts 91,073 13,267

665,406 436,0394b Subscriptions

Contributions from FellowsAdmission Fees 5,400 5,500Annual Subscriptions 89,314 82,225Income tax recoverable under gift aid 10,407 9,562

105,121 97,2874c Other grants and donations

Fleck additional receipt 2,420 1,419Lessells Trust additional receipt 12,939 13,335Legacy 20,800 -Donations for Foot & Mouth Disease Inquiry 4,995 -Sales of ties (net) 153 240Sales of sundry publications 538 412Grant from MacRobert Trust for Millennium Prize - 25,000Other income 685 667

42,530 41,073

In addition to the donations set out above the Society receives donations made specifically in support of meetings which are included in meetings income (see note 5a)

2002 2001

5a Activities in furtherance of charitable objects - incoming resourcesPromotion of research 5b 1,002,782 825,207Meetings 24c 113,166 275,892Educational activities 27,527 16,411Academic / Industry links 33,252 16,152International activities 8,501 2,567

1,185,228 1,136,2295b Promotion of research - receipts

Scottish Executive grant- research fellowships 379,228 304,507- teaching fellowships 6,500 -British Petroleum Research Fellowships Trust 168,543 139,045Caledonian Research Foundation 14,082 35,115Scottish Enterprise 216,714 188,130PPARC Enterprise Fellowships 83,586 54,619Lloyds TSB Foundation for Scotland 134,129 103,791

1,002,782 825,207

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2002 2001

6 Investment incomeDividends (Net) 92,245 90,326Income tax recoverable on dividend income 6,107 14,086Interest arising on deposits (Gross) 9,022 18,957Interest receivable from RSE Scotland Foundation - 88,594Rent of rooms 540 590

107,914 212,5537 Cost of generating funds

Fundraising costs 70,348 10,583Proportion of central costs (note 11) 38,600 9,379

108,948 19,9628 Grants payable

Promotion of Research 8b 1,060,125 896,176Prizes and Grants 36,718 73,220

1,096,843 969,3968b Promotion of Research

Direct Costs : Restricted FundsSEELLD Research Fellowships - Support 61,293 60,093SEELLD Research Fellowships - Personal 276,350 206,900SEELLD Teaching Fellowships 730 -

338,373 266,993BP Research Fellowships 154,985 125,869CRF European Fellowships 10,422 31,262Enterprise Fellowships (Scottish Enterprise) 200,422 168,547Enterprise Fellowships (PPARC) 75,308 48,304Lloyds TSB Foundation for Scotland Fellowships 119,129 92,292Robert Cormack Bequest 5,025 5,770John Moyes Lessells Scholarship 24,224 22,860Auber Bequest Awards - -Henry Dryerre Scholarship 11,076 13,271D S McLagan Travel Grant 588 -

939,552 775,168Direct costs : General FundsLibrary 475 1,304

940,027 776,472Proportion of central costs (note 11) 120,098 119,704

1,060,125 896,1769a Charitable activities

Publications 9b 38,209 39,930Meetings 225,360 397,357Educational activities 56,793 57,070Academic / Industry links 49,219 35,315Fellowships Office 50,204 48,920

International activities 50,425 19,907Evidence Advice and Comment 96,869 49,546Scottish Science Advisory Committee 59,337 -

626,416 648,045

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2002 2001

9b PublicationsEditorial & management costs of journals 11,700 18,437Support of journals publishedby RSE Scotland Foundation 16,930 7,380Other publications 2,431 7,972

31,061 33,789Proportion of central costs (note 11) 7,148 6,141

38,209 39,930

The RSE Scotland Foundation became publisher of the Societys journals and Year Book with effect from the1997 volumes. The Society retains copyright and incurs editorial costs in respect of these publications. TheSociety has made a donation to the RSE Scotland Foundation equivalent to the Foundations net deficit onpublications.

2002 2001

10 Buildings, Management and administrationBuildings and Maintenance 5,568 12,94722-24 George Street - depreciation 22,061 22,061

26 George Street - depreciation 32,949 32,94922-24 George Street - expenditure from designated funds 24,046 23,13984,624 91,096

Management and secretariat 76,105 75,196Publicity 80,361 56,989

241,090 223,281

11 Central CostsTotal Payroll 487,539 462,128Less paid by RSE Scotland Foundation (82,708) (83,578)Salaries (note 12) 404,831 378,550Value of secondments 36,750 -Staff training, agency and recruitment costs 37,982 15,159Total staff costs 479,563 393,709

Other Costs:Establishment expenses (22-24 George St) 30,951 24,571Establishment expenses (26 George St) 109,811 110,457Computer and equipment costs 4,970 12,039Communication, stationery and printing costs 44,797 39,115Travel and subsistence, hospitality 23,185 23,617Miscellaneous 2,118 5,991Professional fees 11,710 14,172Audit fee 8,519 5,875

Depreciation 34,495 26,507270,556 262,344

Total Central Costs 750,119 656,053

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11 ContinuedIn addition to direct costs incurred, central costs have been apportioned to expenditure on functional activities,as follows:

General Designated Restricted 2002 2001Fund Funds Funds Total Total

Cost of generating funds

Fundraising 38,600 38,600 9,379

Support costs - charitable activitiesPublications 7,148 7,148 6,141Meetings 145,259 145,259 160,959Educational Activities 46,650 2,886 49,536 49,581Academic/Industry links 39,033 39,033 38,396Fellowships Office 50,204 50,204 48,920International links 41,923 41,923 17,340Evidence, advice & comment 92,330 92,330 49,052Scottish Science Advisory committee 16,591 16,591 -Promotion of Research - 120,098 120,098 119,704Prizes and Grants 2,253 9,247 11,500 19,301

Management and administrationBuildings and Maintenance 5,568 5,568 12,947Management and Secretariat 76,105 76,105 75,196Publicity 56,224 56,224 49,137

617,888 12,133 120,098 750,119 656,053

Total Paid by Paid by 20012002 Foundation Society Total

12 Employees

Wages and salaries 411,025 67,850 343,175 319,576Social Security Costs 27,054 5,698 21,356 23,189Other pension costs (note 21) 49,460 9,160 40,300 35,785

487,539 82,708 404,831 378,550

The average number of employees of the Society including those employed under joint contracts with the RSEScotland Foundation during the year was 20(2001 - 20). One joint employee earned over 50,000.

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Value at Investments Proceeds on Gain/(loss) Revaluation Market1 April 2001 made at cost sale of on sale value at

Investments March 2002

14a Fixed AssetInvestmentsManaged Funds 180,578 - - - 4,024 184,602Fixed interest 582,316 70,000 - - (7,192) 645,124UK equities 1,119,900 148,988 (80,373) (7,178) (11,444) 1,169,893Overseas equities(managed funds) 140,167 54,654 - - 10,113 204,934Cash deposits 256,417 (273,642) 73,883 - - 56,658

2,279,378 - (6,490) (7,178) (4,499) 2,261,211

The deficit on sale of investments measured against their historical cost was 81,747 (2001 -deficit 19,172).The investment management fee of 6,490 (2001 12,200) has been deducted from the proceeds of sale ofinvestments.

2002 2001

14b Loan to RSE Scotland FoundationDue within one year 46,808 46,808Due after one year 2,078,368 2,125,176

2,125,176 2,171,984

The Loan initially bears interest at 4% per annum, capped at the amount of rent received by the Foundation, and

is repayable over the period to 30 June 2047, the expiration of the lease of 26 George Street. On 1 July 2002Council agreed to waive the interest payment due for the year ended 31 March 2002 as no rental was received bythe Foundation in that period from the ground and basement floor unit. The capital repayment for the year of46,808 was paid at the end of the financial year as normal.

22-24 26George St. George St. Equipment Computer Total

13 Tangible Fixed Assets

Cost At 1 April 2001 1,103,038 1,647,468 56,983 39,425 2,846,914Additions - - 10,944 611 11,555Disposals - - - - -

At 31 March 2002 1,103,038 1,647,468 67,927 40,036 2,858,469DepreciationAt 1 April 2001 44,122 65,898 43,502 28,065 181,587Charge for the year 22,061 32,949 24,129 10,366 89,505At 31 March 2002 66,183 98,847 67,631 38,431 271,092Net Book ValueAt 31 March 2002 1,036,855 1,548,621 296 1,605 2,587,377At 31 March 2001 1,058,916 1,581,570 13,481 11,360 2,665,327

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2002 2001

15 DebtorsGeneral debtors 40,158 45,478Stock of ties 3,582 3,653Prepayments and accrued income 1,095 51,203Income Tax Recoverable 34,027 11,854

78,862 112,188

16 Creditors: Amounts falling due within one yearBank overdraft - 74,823General creditors 76,266 81,672Accruals and deferred income 73,987 59,935University of Glasgow (note 19) 15,266 13,828Symposia income deferred 5,880 4,215Deferred capital grant - 6,413

171,399 240,886

17 General Fund

At 1 April 2001 212,683 199,815Net movements in funds for the year from Statement of Financial Activities (139,090) 12,868

73,593 212,683

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Capital Building Staff 2001 C H Kemball Grants Dr James TotalAsset Maintenance Restructuring Appeal Fund Fund Heggie

Reserve Fund Fund Fund Fund

18 Designated FundsAt 1 April 2001 4,812,470 108,603 15,975 10,248 17,473 609,307 205,450 5,779,526Investmentincome - 6,245 919 1,859 754 - 8,864 18,641

Other income - - - 91,073 - - - 91,073

LessDirect expenditure - (14,957) - (9,088) - (15,450) (1,949) (41,444)InvestmentManagement

Fees (50) (1,735) (585) (2,370)RSE admin

and staff costs (3,756) - (7,511) (2,301) (13,568)Surplus/(deficit)

for the year - (8,712) 919 80,088 704 (24,696) 4,029 52,332

Transfers betweenfunds

Re buildingdepreciation (55,010) 55,010

Re loan repayment (46,808) (46,808)from General fund 7,831 7,831

(101,818) 55,010 7,831 - - - - (38,977)

Net gains on investment assetsRealised - - - - (55) (1,919) (647) (2,621)

Unrealised - - - - (34) (1,203) (406) (1,643)

At 31 March 2002 4,710,652 154,901 24,725 90,336 18,088 581,489 208,426 5,788,617

As described in note 2, the 2001 Appeal Fund comprises the receipts from the Appeal launched in 2001 to raisefunds to finance developments in implementing the Societys Corporate Plan. The residual balance of the 1994Appeal Fund after the refurbishment of the Fellows rooms has been transferred to the 2001 Appeal Fund.

In approving the budget for the year ended 31 March 2002, Council resolved that as the balance of the Grantsfund was sufficient to meet current needs, the income of approximately 30,000 from the investments held bythe Grants Fund should be allocated to the General Fund.

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Robert Lessells Auber Prizes Dryerre Others TotalCormack Trust Bequest Fund FundBequest

19 Restricted FundsAt 1 April 2001 114,945 394,561 310,234 74,052 438,013 35,016 1,366,821Investment income 4,960 17,025 13,386 3,195 18,899 1,511 58,976Other income - 12,939 - - - - 12,939

LessDirect Expenditure (5,025) (24,224) - (500) (11,076) (1,600) (42,425)Investment Management (327) (1,124) (883) (211) (1,247) (100) (3,892)RSE Admin and staff (1,263) (4,337) (3,410) (814) (4,814) (385) (15,023)

Surplus/(deficit) for year (1,655) 279 9,093 1,670 1,762 (574) 10,575

Net gain on investment assetsRealised (362) (1,243) (977) (233) (1,379) (110) (4,304)Unrealised (227) (779) (612) (146) (865) (69) (2,698)

At 31 March 2002 112,701 392,818 317,738 75,343 437,531 34,263 1,370,394

Prizes Fund comprises The Keith Fund, The Neill Fund, The Makdougall-Brisbane Fund, The Gunning-VictoriaFund, The James Scott Prize Fund, The Bruce-Preller Lecture Fund, The W.S. Bruce Memorial Fund, The Dr D.A.Berry Fund, The Henry Duncan Prize Lecture Fund and The BP Prize Lecture in the Humanities Fund. Otherscomprise the Piazzi-Smyth Legacy Fund, the Retailing Seminar Fund and the CASS Fund. The Retailing SeminarsFund arises from the donation of the surplus from an earlier series of meetings that publicised research in theretailing sector. The fund is to be used to support meetings in this area.Under the terms of the Lessells Trust the University of Glasgow is entitled to 10% of additional amountsreceived by the Society from the Trust. The balance included in Creditors at 31 March 2002 represents the totalsum apportioned but not yet paid over to the University (note 16).

Unrestricted Designated Restricted 2002 2001Funds Funds Funds Total Total

20 Analysis of Assets between FundsFund balances at 31 March 2002are represented by :Tangible fixed assets 1,901 2,585,476 - 2,587,377 2,665,327Investments 82,813 808,004 1,370,394 2,261,211 2,279,378Loan to RSE Scotland Foundation - 2,125,176 - 2,125,176 2,171,984Current assets 62,866 14,059 1,937 78,862 112,188RSE Scotland Foundationcurrent account 56,063 - - 56,063 76,815Deposits (152,667) 269,962 - 117,295 250,000

Bank overdraft less cash 87,484 (14,060) 104,595 178,019 (30,599)Current liabilities (64,867) - (106,532) (171,399) (166,063)

73,593 5,788,617 1,370,394 7,232,604 7,359,030

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21 Pension Costsa) USSThe Society participates in the Universities Superannuation Scheme, a defined benefit pension scheme whichis externally funded and contracted out of the State Earnings-Related Pension Scheme. The assets of theScheme are held in a separate trustee-administered fund. The fund is valued every three years by a professionallyqualified independent actuary using the projected unit method, the rates of contribution payable beingdetermined by the trustee on the advice of the actuaries. In the intervening years the actuaries review theprogress of the scheme. It is not possible to identify each institutions share of the underlying assets andliabilities of the scheme and hence contributions to the scheme are accounted for as if it were a definedcontribution scheme. The cost recognised within the deficit for the year is equal to the contributions payableto the scheme for the year.The latest actuarial valuation of the scheme was at 31 March 1999. The most significant assumptions, thoserelating to the rate of return on investments and the rates of increase in salary and pensions, are as follows:

Past Service Liabilities Future Service LiabilitiesInvestment return 4.5% 5.5%Salary Increase 3.6% 3.5%Pension Increase 2.6% 2.5%

At the valuation date the market value of the schemes assets was 18,870 million and the value of pastservice liabilities was 17,427million. The value of the assets represented 108% of the benefits that hadaccrued to members, after allowing for expected future increases in earnings. The contribution rate payableby the Society was 14.0% of pensionable salaries.

b) Lothian Pension FundThe Society also participates in the Lothian Pension Fund, a defined benefit pension scheme established underlocal government pension fund regulations. This scheme has determined that it is possible at a cost toascertain the share of assets and liabilities relating to individual admitted bodies. The assets of the Scheme areheld in a separate trustee-administered fund. The fund is valued every three years by a professionally qualifiedindependent actuary using the projected unit method, the rates of contribution payable being determined bythe trustee on the advice of the actuaries. In the intervening years the actuaries review the progress of thescheme.The latest full actuarial valuation of the scheme was at 31 March 1999. The major assumptions used by theactuary were that, over the long term, the return on the schemes assets would be 6.1% per annum, salaryincreases would average 4.3% per annum and present and future pensions would increase at a rate of 2.8%per annum.

At the valuation date the market value of the schemes assets was 1,483 million and the value of past serviceliabilities was 1,571 million. The value of the assets represented 94% of the benefits that had accrued tomembers, after allowing for expected future increases in earnings. The contribution rate payable by theSociety was 205% of employees contributions of 6% of pensionable salaries, amounting to 12.3%. Theactuary has confirmed that it is appropriate to take the pension charge to be equal to the actual contributionpaid during the year.Whilst the Society continues to account for pension costs in accordance with Statement of Standard AccountingPractice 24 Accounting for Pension costs, under FRS 17 Retirement benefits the following transitionaldisclosures are required:The valuation at 31 March 1999 has been updated by the actuary on an FRS 17 basis as at 9 September 2002.The major assumptions used in this valuation were:

2002Rate of increase in salaries 4.3%Rate of increase in pensions in payment 2.8%Discount rate 5.9%Inflation assumption 2.8%


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21 b) ContinuedThe assumptions used by the actuary are the best estimates chosen from a range of possible actuarial assumptionswhich, due to the timescale covered, may not necessarily be borne out in practice.

Scheme assetsThe fair value of the schemes assets, which are not intended to be realised in the short term and may besubject to significant change before they are realised, and the present value of the schemes liabilities, whichare derived from cash flow projections over long periods and thus inherently uncertain, were:

Value at 31 March 2002000

Equities 1,365,554Bonds 155,502Other Property 145,187Cash 117,548

Whole scheme assets 1,783,791

Of which RSE share 140,000Present value of scheme liabilities (133,000)

Surplus/deficit in the scheme Pension asset/liability 7,000

Related deferred tax liability/asset -Net pension asset for RSE 7,000

The amount of this net pension asset would have a consequential effect on reserves.

c) Pension ChargeThe total pension charge for the year was 38,375 (2001 - 35,785)

22 Transactions with Council membersNo member of Council received any payments other than reimbursement of expenditure on travel and subsistencecosts actually and necessarily incurred in carrying out their duties as Councillors and Officers. The aggregateof such reimbursement amounted to 6,401 (2001 - 6,273).

23 RSE Scotland FoundationRSE Scotland Foundation is a charitable trust, recognised in Scotland as Scottish charity number SCO24636. Itwas created in March 1996 with the object of advancing the education of the public in Scotland in science andengineering and in so doing to conserve the scientific and cultural heritage of Scotland. The President, GeneralSecretary, Treasurer, Curator and a Vice President of the Society are ex officiis Trustees of the Foundation,which draws on the resources of the Society in carrying out its objects. The Foundation also has five nominatedTrustees. The Foundation became publisher of the Societys journals under a Publications Rights Licenceeffective from 1 January 1997. The Foundation has also carried out work in support of the Societys involvementin the Scottish Science Trust and the implementation of the Technology Ventures Strategy.

On 1 July 1997 the Society granted to the Foundation a 50 year lease over 26 George Street carrying anobligation to refurbish the building within a three year period. The Council of the Society agreed to makefunding of up to 2.3 million available to the Foundation in support of the refurbishment. The agreed termsof the loan are as described in note 14 b. A waiver of interest was agreed for the years ending 2002, 2003 and2004, to assist the Foundation in extinguishing its deficit of net assets.

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At 31 March 2002 the financial position of the RSE Scotland Foundation was as follows:2002 2001

Net LiabilitiesFixed assets 2,060,752 2,105,629Current assets 78,174 170,300Current liabilities

RSE Current Account (56,063) (76,815)Loan from Royal Society of Edinburgh (46,808) (46,808)Other (127,230) (144,977)

Creditors over one year:-Loan from Royal Society of Edinburgh (2,078,368) (2,125,176)Represented by Income and Expenditure Account (169,543) (117,847)

The Statement of Financial Activities for the year ended 31 March 2002 was as follows:Incoming resources 2002 2001

Donations, grants and similar incoming resources 16,930 10,880Charitable activities

Publications 114,086 99,895Academic/Industry Links 75 25Licence fees 89,093 98,063

Activities for generating funds

Rental and service charges receivable 46,423 153,702Conference Facilities letting ( net ) 55,814 35,229

Investment income - bank interest 976 2,383323,397 400,177

Cost of generating fundsConference facilities hire 42,629 38,234Building management 120,496 129,997Fundraising and publicity 350 -

163,475 168,231

Net incoming resources 159,922 231,946Charitable expenditurePublications 131,017 107,513Public understanding of science - 1000Academic/Industry links - 3,500Management and secretariat 37,859 30,095Depreciation on leasehold improvements 42,742 42,742Interest payable - 88,594Provision for bad debts - 7,880

211,618 449,555

Total resources expended 375,093 449,555

Net outgoing resources and movement in funds for the year (51,696) (49,378)Balance brought forward (117,847) (68,469)

Balance carried forward (169,543) (117,847)

The Council of the Society has confirmed to the Trustees of the Foundation that they will continue to support theFoundation and will not call for the repayment of the current account balance in the foreseeable future.

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24 Supplementary Information ; grants, donations, receipts 2002 2001a) Scottish Executive Grants IncomeEnterprise and Lifelong Learning Department

Promotion of Research 395,728 304,507Scottish Science Advisory Committee 55,519 -Activities grant 328,000 278,000Public policy Seminars 15,018 9,974Foresight seminars 7,583 -

Exhibition - 10,000Department of Health 2,000 6,996803,848 609,477

Direct Staff and 2002 2001Costs other costs Total Total

Allocated to Functional Activities

Scottish Science Advisory Committee 45,519 10,000 55,519 -Meetings office 24,601 45,045 69,646 80,702Educational activities - 40,497 40,497 40,659Publications office 16,930 20,574 37,504 34,491Promotion of research 348,374 47,354 395,728 304,507Evidence advice and comment - 92,330 92,330 49,546Management and secretariat - 76,105 76,105 62,054Buildings- Establishment expense 30,951 - 30,951 24,571- Maintenance - 5,568 5,568 12,947

466,375 337,473 803,848 609,477

The Scottish Executive provides grant-in-aid under the powers of S.23 National Heritage (Scotland) Act 1985 tomeet the costs of SEELLD Research Fellows, and costs of activities including the cost of maintaining the Societyspremises and a share of the Societys staff and other costs. In addition to the cash grants set out above, theSociety benefited from a staff secondment from the Scottish Executive, which has been included in the accountsat its value to the Society of 36,750.

The grant from the Department of Health is from the Chief Scientist Office for an oral health seminar.

BP Research Caledonian Scottish Lloyds TSB WellcomeFellowship Research Enterprise Foundation for Trust

Trust Foundation Scotland

24 b) DonationsIncomePromotion of research - receipts 168,543 14,082 216,714 134,129 5,870Education - - - 19,612 -Meetings Income - - - 12,500 -

168,543 14,082 216,714 166,241 5,870CostsPromotion of research154,985 10,422 200,422 119,129 -Education - - - - -Conference - - - 19,612 -Workshops - - - 12,500 4,760RSE administration and staff costs 13,558 3,660 16,292 15,000 1,110

168,543 14,082 216,714 166,241 5,870

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24 b) ContinuedThe BP Research Fellowship Trust supports postdoctoral fellowships in Scottish HEIs. The Trustees of theTrust are the President, General Secretary and Treasurer of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

The Caledonian Research Foundation supports postdoctoral fellowships in biomedical sciences andEuropean visiting fellowships, a prize lecture and an international conference.

The Wellcome Trust sponsors a series of research workshops.

The Lloyds TSB Foundation for Scotland supports postdoctoral Fellowships, postgraduate studentships and

lectures and conferences to fund and disseminate research aimed at improving the quality of life for anageing population.

c) Donations in Support of MeetingsThe Society gratefully acknowledges all those who make donations in support of meetings. The companies,trusts and other bodies that made donations of 1,000 or more in the year ended 31 March 2002 are asfollows:

Archibald, Campbell & Harley WS London & Edinburgh Mathematics SocietiesScottish Higher Education Funding Council Astra Zeneca UK LimitedMedical & Dental Defence Union of Scotland Scottish Society for the History of PhotographyThe Darwin Trust National Grid Co plcTechnology Ventures Scotland Engineering & Physical Sciences Research CouncilOve Arup & Partners University of Durham

25 Analysis of net funds At At31 March Cash 1 April

2002 flows 2001

Cash at bank 178,019 133,795 44,224Deposits 117,295 (132,705) 250,000Overdraft - 74,823 (74,823)

295,314 75,913 219,401

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26 Main Activities 2001/02 2000/01Number Number

Meetings and EducationLectures 17 19Symposia/Conferences/Seminars 8 11Exhibitions - 1Policy seminars 2 3Debates 1 1Workshops 3 4Technology Ventures and Foresight Seminars 6 4

Young Peoples eventsScience Masterclasses 35 16Maths Masterclasses 8 16Schools Lectures 10 10Christmas Lectures 2 2Discussion Forum 1 1RSE Roadshow 1 0Physics masterclasses 4 -Science summer camp 1 -

Publications (issues)Proceedings A 6 6Transactions 6 2Year Book and miscellaneous publications 1 1Resource (/ RSE News) 4 4

RSE FellowsNumber of Fellows 1311 1287Candidates for Fellowship 256 156

Research Fellowships and ScholarshipsPostdoctoral Research Fellows in post 15 15Support Research Fellows 4 7

Europea

Review of Session 2001-2002

Documents