1 Review of Cayuga Repowering Options Prepared by: David J. Lawrence Pinewood Power Solutions LLS Ricardo J. Galarza PSM Consulting, Inc. June 25, 2013 Introduction The New York State Public Service Commission (“Commission”), as part of Dockets 12-E-0400, Petition of Cayuga Operating Company, LLC to Mothball Generating Units 1 and 2, and 12-E-0577, Proceeding on Motion of the Commission to Examine Repowering Alternatives to Utility Transmission Reinforcements, is currently engaged in reviewing and deciding upon solutions to reliability issues associated with the intended mothballing of the Cayuga power facility. Pinewood Power Solutions LLC (PPS) has been retained by the Sierra Club, a Party in the aforementioned Commission proceedings, to review the materials submitted in both dockets and to provide technical recommendations on the proposed repowering alternatives. PSM Consulting, Inc. (PSM) has been retained as a subcontractor by PPS to perform power flow analyses as needed to further understand the technical issues surrounding the repowering alternatives. This report is issued jointly by PPS and PSM (“the Consultants”) and provides a high-level summary of the Consultant’s findings, offered to further the understanding and resolution of reliability issues surrounding the retirement of the Cayuga facility. The curricula vitae of the principals associated with PPS and PSM are included in Attachments F and G of this report.
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1
Review of Cayuga Repowering Options
Prepared by:
David J. Lawrence
Pinewood Power Solutions LLS
Ricardo J. Galarza
PSM Consulting, Inc.
June 25, 2013
Introduction
The New York State Public Service Commission (“Commission”), as part of Dockets 12-E-0400, Petition of
Cayuga Operating Company, LLC to Mothball Generating Units 1 and 2, and 12-E-0577, Proceeding on
Motion of the Commission to Examine Repowering Alternatives to Utility Transmission Reinforcements,
is currently engaged in reviewing and deciding upon solutions to reliability issues associated with the
intended mothballing of the Cayuga power facility. Pinewood Power Solutions LLC (PPS) has been
retained by the Sierra Club, a Party in the aforementioned Commission proceedings, to review the
materials submitted in both dockets and to provide technical recommendations on the proposed
repowering alternatives. PSM Consulting, Inc. (PSM) has been retained as a subcontractor by PPS to
perform power flow analyses as needed to further understand the technical issues surrounding the
repowering alternatives. This report is issued jointly by PPS and PSM (“the Consultants”) and provides a
high-level summary of the Consultant’s findings, offered to further the understanding and resolution of
reliability issues surrounding the retirement of the Cayuga facility. The curricula vitae of the principals
associated with PPS and PSM are included in Attachments F and G of this report.
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Reliability Issues Associated with the Mothballing of the Cayuga Generating Facility
In its report on repowering alternatives,1 New York State Electric and Gas (NYSEG) identifies several
potential adverse reliability impacts associated with the loss of the Cayuga generating facility:
A thermal overload of the 336 ACSR conductor in the Elbridge to State Street 115 kV Line #972
under all facilities in-service system conditions at a local area load level of 135 MW, which is
approximately 73% of the projected 2012 summer peak load (221 hours, 2011).
Loss of The Quaker Road to Sleight Road 115 kV line #980 will cause the conductor in the #972
line to exceed its summer Long Term Emergency ("LTE") rating at a local area load level of 120
MW, which is approximately 65%o of the projected 2012 summer peak load (505 hours, 2011).
Loss of the Clinton Corners to State Street 115 kV line #971 will cause the conductor in the #972
line to exceed its summer LTE rating at a local area load level of 138 MW, which is
approximately 75% of the 2012 projected summer peak load (170 hours, 2011).
NYSEG’s Proposed Transmission Solutions are Appropriate to Relieve the Identified Reliability Issues
To eliminate the identified overloads, NYSEG proposes the following transmission solutions:2
Constructing a new 14.5 mile, 115 kV line from National Grid's Elbridge Substation to NYSEG's
State Street Substation
Rebuilding the existing 14.5 mile, 115 kV line from National Grid's Elbridge Substation to
NYSEG's State Street Substation
NYSEG has indicated that completion of the above-noted transmission projects is anticipated to occur by
mid-2017.
As will be evident from the powerflow analyses discussed below and included in Attachment B, for the
simulated contingencies, the only facility that is subject to overload is the State St-Elbridge #972
transmission line. Once the generation at Cayuga is removed, the transmission topology in the general
vicinity of Auburn is essentially radial, with generation from remote generating units feeding a series of
loads that ultimately terminate in the Cayuga/Auburn area. The overloads identified under normal and
contingency conditions are symptomatic of a weak link (relative to other transmission facilities) in the
series transmission topology. As part of NYSEG’s analysis, no low voltage problems were identified
associated with the removal of the Cayuga facility, indicating that excessive var consumption is not an
issue. Regardless of the status of the Cayuga facility, the State St-Elbridge #972 line will continue to be
the weakest portion of the transmission system in the Auburn area and is subject to overload in the
1 Report on Cayuga Repowering Analysis (Public version), May 17, 2013 pp.5-6. Available at:
http://documents.dps.ny.gov/public/MatterManagement/CaseMaster.aspx?Mattercaseno=12-E-0577 2 Ibid., pp. 6-8.
future. As standard utility planning procedure, upgrading the transmission facility is appropriate, as is
the decision to build a parallel transmission line. The solution proposed by NYSEG will significantly
increase the thermal capability of that portion of the transmission system feeding the Auburn area, and
should be chosen as the best long-term solution to the identified reliability problems.
An Alternative to Keeping Both Cayuga Units On-Line is Proposed
While we recommend that, in the longer term, a transmission solution is the correct one for the
reliability issues noted, there will still be a need for an interim solution for the period beginning in mid-
January 2014 until the transmission projects are completed, estimated to be mid-2017.3 We do not
believe that keeping both Cayuga units in service through an RSS contract until mid-2017 is the only
solution, nor is it the most cost-effective solution for consumers. In the following sections, we will lay
out first from a technical standpoint the opportunities afforded by reasonable levels of demand
response, then the cost per kilowatt-month rationale for such a solution, together with only one Cayuga
unit, and why that solution is preferable to keeping both Cayuga units in service.
Demand Response Potential Based Upon NYSEG’s Load-Duration Curve for the Auburn Area
To determine the level of demand response that could be effectively used to address the reliability
problems noted in the NYSEG repowering report, we constructed the load-duration curve for the
Auburn load area from data provided by NYSEG. The local Auburn load can be approximated by
summing up (with the proper power flow direction) the loads on the following buses:
Using peak load forecasts for the Auburn area, we determined a load-duration curve based upon 4
actual data for the identified buses, for the period July 1-September 1, scaled to the 2017 summer peak
load of MW (see Attachment A). We used 2017 as the target date, given that the second phase of
the NYSEG transmission solutions are anticipated to be completed by mid-2017. Based upon past
experience with the New York Independent System Operator (NYISO) demand response programs, use
of demand response for hours or less over the summer period provides the greatest opportunity for
participants to respond, with minimal fatigue (reduced ability to provide load reduction due to repeated
requests over time). Based upon the Auburn load-duration curve, load drops from MW in the peak
hour to approximately MW in the hour, indicating a realistic demand response potential of 25
3 Id., 7.
4
4
MW. Essentially, if 25 MW of load can be reduced through a demand response program, and these
loads would normally be consuming during the top hours of load in the Auburn area, the forecasted
peak load would not exceed MW. The slope of the load-duration curve beyond this point flattens
out, so that if one were to consider demand response over hours instead of hours, only an
additional MW would be useful. This report does not assess whether customers totaling 25 MW
would be willing to participate in a demand response program, only the degree to which load reduction
is feasible (from the standpoint of customer fatigue) and provides a reliability benefit to the system.
Program design is a primary factor in determining whether customers will be willing to participate in a
load reduction program.
Reliability Analysis Including the Impact of Demand Response
We modeled the impact of demand response using the 2019 summer peak load powerflow case
provided to us by NYSEG. NYSEG did not provide a corresponding powerflow case for the 2017 summer
peak period, which would correspond to the point in time when the NYSEG transmission solutions are
projected to be in service. The 2019 case represents loading conditions that are somewhat greater than
would be expected in 2017, hence the results can be considered conservative for the 2017 period (i.e.,
overloads associated with contingencies identified in the 2019 case would likely be less severe under
2017 loading conditions).
To model the impact of demand response, we reduced the load on the Auburn area buses proportionate
to their 2019 loading5 such that the total load reduction in the Auburn area would be 25 MW, consistent
with the potential demand response contribution derived from load-duration curve data. Table 1 below
summarizes the various cases run and the various overloads observed.
Table 1 – Powerflow Results Illustrating the Impact of Demand Response in the Auburn Area
Case Cayuga Status Demand Response
Auburn Area Load MW
Contingency Overload
1 Both OFF No Base case State St-Elbridge#972
2 Both OFF Yes 1 Base case --
3 Both OFF Yes 1 Loss of SLEIGH-S121#B2 State St-Elbridge#972
4 Both OFF Yes 1 Loss of CLTNCORN-STATE State St-Elbridge#972
5 Cayuga 2 @ MW No Base case --
6 Cayuga 2 @ MW No Loss of CLTNCORN-STATE --
5 There is a discrepancy in the NYSEG data provided to us between the projected 2019 Auburn area peak load
provided based on a regression forecast MW) and that used in the 2019 summer peak load powerflow case MW). We have elected to use the loads in the powerflow case for our analysis.
5
7 Cayuga 2 @ MW No Loss of SLEIGH-S121#B2 State St-Elbridge#972
8 Cayuga 2 @ MW Yes 1 Loss of SLEIGH-S121#B2 State St-Elbridge#972
9 Cayuga 2 @ MW Yes Loss of SLEIGH-S121#B2 State St-Elbridge#972
10 Cayuga 2 @ MW Yes Loss of SLEIGH-S121#B2 --
11 Cayuga 2 @ MW Yes 1 Loss of SLEIGH-S121#B2 --
1 Load of MW represents the original loading minus the amount of MW provided by DR
Case 1 replicates the analysis performed by NYSEG, illustrating that a base case overload on the State St-
Elbridge #972 line would exist at forecast peak load conditions. Cases 2 through 4 indicate that, with
both Cayuga units out of service during the interim period, overloads will occur even with the use of 25
MW of demand response. Cases 5 through 7 show that, with only one unit on at Cayuga operating at
MW, overloads on the State St-Elbridge #972 line would still exist for the loss of Sleigh-S121#B2.
Case 8 indicates that, with one Cayuga unit dispatched at MW and 25 MW of demand response
available, there is still a slight (7 MVA) overload of the State St-Elbridge #972 line for the loss of Sleigh-
S121#B2. Cases 9 and 10 show that, with a 10 MW increase in demand response (to 35 MW), a dispatch
of MW can be maintained on Cayuga unit 2 without overloads under normal or contingency
conditions. Case 11 redispatches Cayuga unit 2 up to its maximum (per the power flow database) of
MW, while maintaining 25 MW of demand response; no overload conditions were observed.
To investigate the possibility that corrective actions such as redispatching other generators on the
system might improve normal and contingency overload situations, the sensitivity of the flow on the
State St- Elbridge #972 line to the change in generation of every available system generator was
computed. Not enough generation was found either within or outside of the area of study to eliminate
the overload under contingency situations.
In summary, as shown in power modeling Case 11 discussed above, overloads on the State St – Elbridge
#972 line are eliminated in the 2019 Summer peak case (under system loading conditions forecast to be
greater than those expected in mid-2017 when the transmission solutions are planned to be in service)
using one of the two Cayuga units and 25 MW of demand response from loads in the Auburn area.
The Per-Kilowatt Cost of a Demand Response Program is Competitive with the 2013 RSS Agreement
As shown above, the combination of targeted demand response with one unit operating at Cayuga has
been identified as a technically viable solution to the Auburn area overload issues for the interim period
of 2014 through summer 2017 until the proposed transmission solutions are in place. We have
investigated whether such a demand response program could be developed cost-effectively as an
alternative to keeping both Cayuga units operating under an RSS Agreement as is currently in place for
the period Jan. 16, 2013 through Jan. 15, 2014. As a comparison, we looked to the publicly-filed annual
demand response reports made to the Commission by Con Edison, available under Docket No. 09-E-
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0115.6 The purpose of this analysis is not to estimate the cost of a specific demand response program
targeted at the Auburn area or to suggest a program with the same cost and payment structure as found
in Con Edison’s Commercial System Relief and Distribution Load Relief programs, but to illustrate that
demand response is competitive with the current RSS structure.
In Dec. 2012, the Commission issued its Order approving the terms for the RSS Agreement between
Cayuga and NYSEG.7 The terms of the agreement are summarized here:
RSS would be procured from the Cayuga Facility (312.7 MW total) for one year beginning
January 16, 2013, and ending January 15, 2014. During this period, NYSEG would identify and
consider alternative reliability solutions.
NYSEG would continue to procure RSS from the Cayuga Facility beyond this period, if necessary,
dependent upon the implementation of NYSEG’s planned system reinforcements or alternative
reliability solutions.
NYSEG would pay Cayuga a monthly fixed-price charge of $2,431,388/month for RSS, totaling
$29,176,656 over 12 months. In addition, NYSEG would fund certain capital expenditures up to
$4,325,000. NYSEG would also pay Cayuga one- half of the reasonable expense it incurred, up
to $150,000, for the cost of service (COS) study for the Cayuga Facility that was filed in this
proceeding on November 9, 2012. NYSEG would also reimburse Cayuga for cumulative
incremental forced outage repair costs that exceed $450,000.
Any ICAP revenues received by Cayuga would be credited against NYSEG’s monthly payment to
Cayuga. Cayuga would retain any combined energy and ancillary service revenues, net of
variable production costs, up to $7 million annually, while NYSEG would share equally in any
such revenues in excess of $7 million annually.
If Cayuga operates the facility beyond January 15, 2014, Cayuga would reimburse NYSEG for one
half of the capital expenditures that were paid by NYSEG, at the rate of 20% per year for each of
the next five years of operation. In each such year, up to $432,500 in Cayuga’s EBITDA would be
paid back to NYSEG.
Attachment C evaluates the anticipated cost (in dollars per kilowatt month) of the current RSS contract
between Cayuga and NYSEG. Expressing costs in terms of Cayuga plant capacity permits a
straightforward comparison of RSS costs with publicly-available costs to administer demand response
programs in New York.
6 Consolidated Edison Company Of New York, Inc. Evaluation Of Program Performance And Cost Effectiveness Of
Demand Response Programs, Dec. 14, 2012, available at http://documents.dps.ny.gov/public/MatterManagement/CaseMaster.aspx?MatterCaseNo=09-e-0115&submit=Search+by+Case+Number 7 Order Deciding Reliability Issues And Addressing Cost Allocation And Recovery, Dec. 17, 2012. NYSDPS Docket No.
12-E-0400. Available at: http://documents.dps.ny.gov/public/MatterManagement/CaseMaster.aspx?Mattercaseno=12-E-0400
Consolidated Edison Company Of New York, Inc. Evaluation Of Program Performance And Cost Effectiveness Of Demand Response Programs, NYSDPS Docket No. 09-E-0115, December 14, 2012. 11
This analysis assumes that the per-kW-month cost of an RSS for only one unit at Cayuga is the same as that for both units; the RSS cost for a single unit may be higher than fifty percent of the two-unit cost.
Developing a suite of graduate-level courses on deregulated electricity markets for an upstate
NY graduate school.
Prior to founding Pinewood Power Solutions LLC, Mr. Lawrence retired from the NYISO as Manager of
Capacity Market Products; his complete resume follows.
Nov. 2005 – Manager, Capacity Market Products – New York Independent System Dec 2011 Operator, Rensselaer, New York Responsible for design, development and deployment of NYISO’s demand response and
Installed Capacity (ICAP) market products. Major initiatives include:
Leading NYISO governance process discussions on ICAP demand curve reset (2007, 2010).
Developing and implementing capacity market mitigation measures for New York City.
Developing criteria for establishing new capacity market localities.
Establishing capacity market participation rules for solar generation facilities. Represented NYISO on numerous environmental initiatives, including the Northeast Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) and New York’s Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS). Worked collaboratively with NY State Energy Research & Development Authority, NY Dept. of Public Service and NY Dept. of Environmental Conservation on design of a NY generator attributes tracking system and various environmental rulemakings. Received NYISO Core Values Awards in 2007 and 2008.
Nov. 2001- Product Development Manager, Market Services Dept. – New York Nov. 2005 Independent System Operator, Albany, New York Managed demand response programs, Installed Capacity (ICAP) market design,
environmental initiatives and coordination of inter-regional Independent System Operator activities. Designed and implemented internal issues management process. Presented numerous technical outreach talks to NYISO stakeholder groups, US and Canadian organizations. On behalf of the NYISO, accepted from the Peak Load Management Alliance the 2002 and 2004 awards for best ISO Demand Response Program in the U.S.
Apr. 2000- Senior Engineer, Planning Dept. – New York Independent System Nov. 2001 Operator, Albany, New York
Spearheaded development of NYISO reliability-based and economic demand response programs with NYISO stakeholders. Prepared monthly transmission congestion reports; developed initial process for system reliability impact studies.
3
Mar. 1995- Director, Instrumentation and Energy Management Dept., Power Apr. 2000 Technologies, Inc., Schenectady, New York
P/L responsibility for PTI’s monitoring and control products and associated services. Devised marketing and sales strategies; led new product development; negotiated contracts on a worldwide scale. Department expanded in 1997 to include power plant performance analysis software development and services personnel. In 1999, assumed responsibility for all of PTI’s professional training courses. Elected to the PTI Board of Directors, 2 terms.
1994- Product Manager, Industrial Load Shedding System, Power 1995 Technologies, Inc.
Managed all marketing, sales, product development, and client support associated with PTI’s industrial load shedding system.
1990- Product Manager, Dynamic System Monitor, Power Technologies, Inc. 1994 In coordination with equipment manufacturing and marketing partner, managed product
development and client technical support for PTI’s Dynamic System Monitor phasor measurement system. Also developed algorithms for DSP-based voltage, frequency, and power sensors.
1984- Senior Engineer, Power Technologies, Inc. 1990 Responsible for contractual, technical, and financial aspects of project management, including supervision of project staff. Projects included:
Project Engineer for Electric Power Research Institute RP2542-1, Characteristics of Lightning Surges on Distribution Systems,
developed and presented PTI Short Course on Disturbance Monitoring and Analysis,
developed three-phase analysis and transmission line fault location software for use with digital transient recorders, and
served as instructor for Power System Reliability and Transmission System Reliability courses.
1976- Analytical Engineer, Power Technologies, Inc. 1984 Developed software, performed studies, and prepared reports for a number of utility-
related projects, including:
design and development of a short-term hydro-scheduling computer program, along with on-line control software, for a Spanish utility,
development of a fault data analysis software package for a distribution fault current study sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute,
several bulk power system and substation reliability studies, and
development of a microprocessor-based high impedance fault detection algorithm.
Education 1975- Graduate School of Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic 1976 Institute, Troy, New York
Master of Engineering Degree in Electric Power Engineering, May 1976
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1971- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 1975 Bachelor of Science Degree in Electric Power Engineering, with a minor concentration in
Technical Writing.
Professional Certification Certified as an Intern Engineer in New York State, October, 1975.
Professional Societies Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Past Chairman, Power Engineering Society, Schenectady Chapter. Past Chairman, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Schenectady Section. Past Member of Power System Relay Committee Working Groups H5, Common Data Format for Exchange of Transient Data, and I11, Digital Fault Recorder Data Standards.
Honors and Awards Nominated for the Eta Kappa Nu Outstanding Young Electrical Engineer Award, 1985. Technical Papers by David J. Lawrence: 1. "On-Line Economic Control of the Iberduero Hydro Thermal Systems," Seventh Power Systems Computation Conference,
Lausanne, Switzerland, July 12-17, 1981, (co-authors: J.A. Garrido, J.L. San Pedro, R.L. Zabalza, R.E. Kilmer, E.J. Lessans, T.A.
Mikolinnas, and R.J. Ringlee).
2. "Characteristics of Fault Currents on Distribution Systems," IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-103,
No. 1, Jan. 1984, p. 1-6, (co-author: J.J. Burke).
3. "Computation of Upper and Lower Bounds on Reliability Indices for Bulk Power Systems," IEEE Transactions on Power
Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-103, No. 8, Aug., 1984, p. 2318-2325, (co-authors: K.A. Clements, B.P. Lam, and N.D. Reppen).
4. "Transmission System Reliability Assessment by Contingency Enumeration," Eighth Power Systems Computation Conference,
18. “Defining the Benefits of Phasor Measurement Systems,” presented at the IEEE/PES 1993 Winter Power Meeting, Panel
Session on Applications and Experience in Power System Monitoring with Phasor Measurements, Columbus, OH, February 2, 1993,
(co-author: G.R. Jensen).
19. “Using Digital Signal Processors to Measure Power System Quantities,” presented at the 8th Annual Conference for Fault and
Disturbance Analysis, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, April 14-16, 1993, (co-author: R.C. Gough).
20. “Application of an Electrical Load Shedding System to a Large Refinery,” presented at the 42nd Annual IAS Petroleum &
Chemical Industry Technical Conference, Denver, CO, September 11-13, 1995, (co-author: J.S. Czuba).
21. "An Add-On Power System Stabiliser,” presented at the IEE Colloquium on Generator Excitation Systems and Stability, London, UK, February 6, 1996, (Digest No. 1996/023, pp. 7/1-4),(co-author: C.A. Lynch).
22. “2001 Performance of New York ISO Demand Response Programs”, panel session presentation at the 2002 IEEE Power
Engineering Society Winter Power Meeting, New York, NY, January 27-31, 2002.
23. “The Status of Demand Response in New York”, panel session presentation at the 2003 IEEE Power Engineering Society
General Meeting, Toronto, CA, July 13-17, 2003, (co-author B.F. Neenan).
24. “Market Design with Consideration for Intermittent Wind Resources”, presented at the 2006 IEEE Power Engineering Society
General Meeting, Montreal, CA, (co-author R.W. deMello).
25. “How Capacity Markets Address Resource Adequacy”, presented at the 2009 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting,
Calgary, CA, July 2009 (co-author Henry Chao).
1
Attachment G – Qualifications of PSM Consulting, Inc.
2
Located in Guilderland, New York, PSM Consulting, Inc. is a minority-owned, New York State
Corporation, founded in 2003, with expertise in power systems engineering and electricity markets. We
also provide Environmental Engineering Services with a focus on the power industry.
Our staff performed numerous power system analysis and studies across many regions in the US and
abroad. PSM Consulting, Inc. has experience in projects of various sizes and levels of complexity.
Our experience related to this Project is illustrated in the following selected projects:
Transient Stability Studies to determine the feasibility of the largest transmission project of the
country: The TransWest Express Project (TWE) which will deliver 3,000 MW of wind power from
Wyoming to the southwest (Nevada).
Feasibility Studies for the Interconnection of renewable energy generation including wind
power, energy storage devices, and power production using Landfill gas.
Power flow analysis to analyze the potential mothballing of generating plants in New York and
New England.
Transient Stability analysis of the AES Energy Storage (+/- 20 MW) Westover Small Generating
Frequency Regulation Facility.
Full System Reliability Impact Study (SRIS) for wind farms (Evaluated the interconnection of
more than 2,000 MW to the electrical grid).
Resume: Ricardo J. Galarza, Ph.D.
President, PSM Consulting, Inc.
Experience with PSM Consulting: 9 years (Founding President)
Experience with other firms: 13
Education
Ph. D., Electric Power Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1996.
M. S., Electric Power Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1992.
B. S., Electrical Engineering, Northeastern National University, Argentina, 1985.
Graduate-Level Course (Equivalent to M.S.): Energy Economics and Planning, Institute for the
Study of Energy Economics, Comahue National University, Argentina, 1987.
3
Experience Summary
Dr. Galarza has worked in the electric power industry for over 20 years in various positions, gaining
extensive experience in power system engineering and the electricity markets.
After obtaining his B.S. degree, he worked for an electric utility in various capacities. In 1987, he
became Project Manager in two studies supported by the European Community. The first involved
energy and transmission planning (for the northeastern part of Argentina) and the second
concerned the utilization of alternative generation sources for small isolated systems. In 1991, he
joined the graduate engineering program at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. His dissertation title
was: “Power System Dynamic Equivalencing: Advanced Analysis and Improvements”.
Dr. Galarza joined Power Technologies, Inc. (PTI) in late 1996 as a Senior Consultant, Transmission
Planning, in the System Planning and Operations Department. At PTI, Dr. Galarza led and performed
numerous consulting studies in the areas of transmission planning (across many regions in the US
and abroad), software development, generator interconnection studies, modeling of electrical
apparatus for steady state and dynamic analysis. Dr. Galarza was also involved in development of
training material for using steady-state techniques and dynamic modeling in power system analysis,
use of appropriate software for system planning and grid reliability, and power system
fundamentals. He was the course instructor for many courses offered by PTI.
In 2001, he joined the Market Monitoring and Performance Unit of the NYISO where as a Senior
Analyst he was involved in a variety of projects as the only transmission system specialist. He
designed a market simulator software that included the transmission system model, conducted
numerous market analysis studies, participated in the implementation of most of the changes
introduced to the NY market, performed analysis of market design as it relates to grid operation,
monitored the Transmission Congestion Contract (TCC) market, and developed a congestion cost
allocation method that allow for better understanding of the impact of the transmission system on
prices, hence allowing for system-wide congestion savings.
Dr. Galarza founded PSM Consulting, Inc. in September of 2003. As an independent consultant at
PSM Consulting, Inc. he was involved in numerous transmission planning project such as: analysis of
alternatives of interconnections for new substations in Connecticut and voltage control issues in the
same area, feasibility and system impact reliability for the interconnection of renewable energy
generation including wind power and and power production using Landfill gas, addition of new
technology to the grid such as energy storage and frequency regulating devices. As a Project
manager, he supervised PSM Consulting, Inc. staff for evaluating more than 2,000 MW to the
electrical grid. Dr. Galarza also assisted clients to Committees and participated actively on the
Transmission Planning Advisory Committee of the NYISO. He also worked as a technical auditor for
the NYISO, reviewing and supervising technical work performed by other companies. He is the
current technical advisor on Transmission Planning for the New England Committee on Electricity
(NESCOE).
4
As a consultant, Dr. Galarza continued assisting the NYISO on the implementation of numerous
market changes and new market products into the market operation software. Dr. Galarza also
provided technical support for Standard Market Design Implementation for the Market Monitoring
Unit, New York ISO.
Relevant Publications
Ricardo J. Galarza and Heidi Knach: “Integrating Wind Power into the New York Grid and Electricity
Market”, in Proc. Of the 2009 IEEE-PES/IAS Conference on Sustainable Alternative Energy (SAE),
Valencia, Spain.
Ricardo J. Galarza, Ibrahim Mqasqas, and James C. David: “Elements of Design in Local Market Power
Screens,” in Proc. of the 2006 IEEE PES Power Systems Conference & Exposition.
Ricardo J. Galarza: “Market Monitoring and SMD Implementation: the New York Experience and
Beyond,” in Proc. 2004 IEEE PES Power Systems Conference & Exposition, Oct. 2004.
Ricardo J. Galarza, R. DeMello: “The Use of Conduct and Impact Tests in the Mitigation of Market
Power,” in Proc. 2004 IEEE PES Power Systems Conference & Exposition, Oct. 2004.
Ricardo J. Galarza, et. al.: “Building a Market Simulator Tool for Market Monitoring and Performance
Evaluation”, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, 2004.
Ricardo J. Galarza, "Aggregation of Exciter Models for Constructing Power System Dynamic
Equivalents," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 782-788, August 1998, (co-
authors: J. H. Chow, W.W. Price, A. Hargrave, and P. Hirsch).
W. W. Price, G. E. Boukarim, J. H. Chow, R. J. Galarza, A. W. Hargrave, B. J. Hurysz, and R. Tapia,
Improved Dynamic Equivalencing Software, Final Report, EPRI Project RP2447-02, 1996.
J. J. Sanchez-Gasca, J. H. Chow, and R. J. Galarza, “Reduction of Linearized Power Systems for the
Study of Interarea Oscillations,” Proceedings 4th IEEE Conference on Control Applications, pp. 624-
630, September 1995.
R. J. Galarza, “Transformer Model Reduction Using Time and Frequency Domain Sensitivity
Techniques,” IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1052-1059, April 1995, (co-authors: J.
H. Chow, and R. C. Degeneff).
J. H. Chow, R. J. Galarza, P. Accari, and W.W. Price, “Inertial and Slow Coherency Aggregation
Algorithms for Power System Reduction,” IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 680-685,