Monarchy Government ruled by hereditary blood lines (Ex. King, Shah) Many believed they had absolute power to rule from God, called divine right
May 20, 2015
MonarchyMonarchyGovernment ruled by hereditary blood lines (Ex. King, Shah)
Many believed they had absolute power to rule from God, called divine right
Government ruled by hereditary blood lines (Ex. King, Shah)
Many believed they had absolute power to rule from God, called divine right
AristocracyAristocracy
Government rule by the wealthy elite (oligarchy)
Nobility
Government rule by the wealthy elite (oligarchy)
Nobility
DemocracyDemocracy
Government rule decided upon by the citizens who vote for their leaders
1. Direct Dem (Athens)- Citizens debate and vote on laws
2. Representative Dem = Republic (Rome)- Citizens elect a leader who votes on laws
Government rule decided upon by the citizens who vote for their leaders
1. Direct Dem (Athens)- Citizens debate and vote on laws
2. Representative Dem = Republic (Rome)- Citizens elect a leader who votes on laws
Athenian “father of democracy” Said that all citizens have the duty to get
involved with improving their government. Politics IS everyone’s business.
Athenian “father of democracy” Said that all citizens have the duty to get
involved with improving their government. Politics IS everyone’s business.
PERICLES
SocratesSocrates
First Athenian to question the people about what they believed to be “true”.
Believed in solving problems through critical thinking.
Accused of “corrupting the youth” and sentenced to death by the citizens of Athens
First Athenian to question the people about what they believed to be “true”.
Believed in solving problems through critical thinking.
Accused of “corrupting the youth” and sentenced to death by the citizens of Athens
PlatoPlato
Student of Socrates Founded the Academy Sceptical of democracy- believed that only the
wise should rule (in the form of a philosopher- king
Student of Socrates Founded the Academy Sceptical of democracy- believed that only the
wise should rule (in the form of a philosopher- king
AristotleAristotle
Advocated reason to find out the solution to problems. The roots of the scientific method (if you have a theory, find proof in the form of natural laws).
Started the Lyceum school in Athens Wrote Politics
Advocated reason to find out the solution to problems. The roots of the scientific method (if you have a theory, find proof in the form of natural laws).
Started the Lyceum school in Athens Wrote Politics
AthensAthens
Assembly- All citizens Council of 500 (30 yrs. Old) Elected from each
demes Board of Generals - executive branch in charge
of administering decisions of Council
Pericles- It’s your DUTY to get involved!
Assembly- All citizens Council of 500 (30 yrs. Old) Elected from each
demes Board of Generals - executive branch in charge
of administering decisions of Council
Pericles- It’s your DUTY to get involved!
IndividualismIndividualism
Individual achievement, dignity, and worth are of great importance to organized society!
Individual achievement, dignity, and worth are of great importance to organized society!
Athens USAthens US
Direct Democracy Trials: one day, no
lawyers, no appeals, juries varied- in the hundreds and paid
Free elections for all citizens over 18 to vote
Direct Democracy Trials: one day, no
lawyers, no appeals, juries varied- in the hundreds and paid
Free elections for all citizens over 18 to vote
Representative Dem. Trials: Lengthy as
needed, lawyers, appeals, 12-man jury, paid
Free elections for all citizens over the age of 18 to vote.
Representative Dem. Trials: Lengthy as
needed, lawyers, appeals, 12-man jury, paid
Free elections for all citizens over the age of 18 to vote.
Pax RomanaPax Romana
Period of peace throughout the Roman Empire
Period of peace throughout the Roman Empire
Republic=Republic=
Rome- Representative democracy. Citizens vote on an official to decide legislation (laws)
Indirect Democracy
Rome- Representative democracy. Citizens vote on an official to decide legislation (laws)
Indirect Democracy
Patrician PlebianPatrician Plebian
Upper nobility of Rome Made up the Senate
and consuls
Upper nobility of Rome Made up the Senate
and consuls
Commoners of Rome (farmers, merchants, etc.)
Part of the Assembly Engaged in a power
struggle for voting rights in the Senate.
Commoners of Rome (farmers, merchants, etc.)
Part of the Assembly Engaged in a power
struggle for voting rights in the Senate.
Roman LawRoman Law
Brought system of laws to conquered lands
• Laws published universally
• All citizens received equal treatment before the law
• A person was innocent until proven guilty
Brought system of laws to conquered lands
• Laws published universally
• All citizens received equal treatment before the law
• A person was innocent until proven guilty
Three Branches of GovernmentThree Branches of Government
1.Two Consuls • Usually Patricians and
military generals • Elected for one year
terms, but they could be re-elected
• During a national crisis, the consuls could appoint a temporary dictator to make quick decisions
1.Two Consuls • Usually Patricians and
military generals • Elected for one year
terms, but they could be re-elected
• During a national crisis, the consuls could appoint a temporary dictator to make quick decisions
2. Senate • Patricians selected by the
two consuls, served life terms Most Influential people!
3. Assembly • Patricians and Plebeians
elected into office • The assembly held some
power, but not enough to make any significant changes
2. Senate • Patricians selected by the
two consuls, served life terms Most Influential people!
3. Assembly • Patricians and Plebeians
elected into office • The assembly held some
power, but not enough to make any significant changes
Fall of Roman EmpireFall of Roman Empire
To big to manage- Individual regions wanted separation and independence.
Invaders from the North (Barbarians and Vikings)
To big to manage- Individual regions wanted separation and independence.
Invaders from the North (Barbarians and Vikings)
Judeo- Christian InfluencesJudeo- Christian Influences
Spread quickly with Latin and Pax Romana
Belief in equality for all under one god (included women, the poor)
Equal justice, morality, and individual relationship with God
Covenant with God meant individula duty to work agains oppression
Spread quickly with Latin and Pax Romana
Belief in equality for all under one god (included women, the poor)
Equal justice, morality, and individual relationship with God
Covenant with God meant individula duty to work agains oppression
Monotheistic (one god) Monotheistic (one god)
Magna CartaMagna Carta
King John signs Establishes a parliament
of nobles who share power with the king.
King John signs Establishes a parliament
of nobles who share power with the king.
Glorious Revolution- EnglandGlorious Revolution- England
King William and Queen Mary agree to share power with parliament
Constitutional Monarchy
Head of Parliament= Prime minister
Petition of Right
King William and Queen Mary agree to share power with parliament
Constitutional Monarchy
Head of Parliament= Prime minister
Petition of Right
Bill of Rights
Parliament’s laws RULE!
Freedom of speech in parliament
No penalty to petition the king with grievances
DUE PROCESS- RIGHT to TRIAL!
Bill of Rights
Parliament’s laws RULE!
Freedom of speech in parliament
No penalty to petition the king with grievances
DUE PROCESS- RIGHT to TRIAL!
PEACEFUL!
Rene DescartesRene Descartes
Geometry Logic, mathematics and
reason rule!!! “Doubt it if you can’t
prove it.”
Geometry Logic, mathematics and
reason rule!!! “Doubt it if you can’t
prove it.”
Cesare BeccariaCesare Beccaria
Laws exist to preserve social order- NOT to avenge crimes
Speedy trial No torture End of capital
punishment that is subject to whims of accuser
Laws exist to preserve social order- NOT to avenge crimes
Speedy trial No torture End of capital
punishment that is subject to whims of accuser
Greatest good for greatest number of people
REFORM CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
Greatest good for greatest number of people
REFORM CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
WollstonecraftWollstonecraft
Vindication of the Rights of Women
Concerned about lack of education and opportunities for women
Criticized the unequal relationship between men and women in marriage and in the home
Vindication of the Rights of Women
Concerned about lack of education and opportunities for women
Criticized the unequal relationship between men and women in marriage and in the home
Urged women to enter male-dominated fields of medicine and politics
Urged women to enter male-dominated fields of medicine and politics
Baron de MontesquieuBaron de Montesquieu
Believed British held the best system of checks and balances (Constitutional Monarchy).
Division of power is key to sustainable government
“Power should be a check to power”
Believed British held the best system of checks and balances (Constitutional Monarchy).
Division of power is key to sustainable government
“Power should be a check to power”
Three branches of power: Executive, legislative, and judicial
Three branches of power: Executive, legislative, and judicial
John LockeJohn Locke
People can learn from experience and improve themselves
They have the ability to look after the welfare of society
Man born with natural rights: life, liberty, and property
People can learn from experience and improve themselves
They have the ability to look after the welfare of society
Man born with natural rights: life, liberty, and property
Purpose of government should only be to protect these rights. If it fails to do so, people have the right to overthrow unjust rulers
Purpose of government should only be to protect these rights. If it fails to do so, people have the right to overthrow unjust rulers
Jean Jacques RousseauJean Jacques Rousseau
“Man is born free but everywhere in chains”
(He is born good but corrupted by society)
“Man is born free but everywhere in chains”
(He is born good but corrupted by society)
Direct Democracy (broader than Locke!)
Direct Democracy (broader than Locke!)
Rousseau’s Social ContractRousseau’s Social Contract
Free individuals must agree to create their own society and government-
Ruler does so only by the WILL OF THE PEOPLE!
Free individuals must agree to create their own society and government-
Ruler does so only by the WILL OF THE PEOPLE!
Thomas HobbesThomas Hobbes
Witnessed the horrors of decades of civil war- believed man to be naturally evil and self-interested
Witnessed the horrors of decades of civil war- believed man to be naturally evil and self-interested
If men were to rule themselves, life would be “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short”
If men were to rule themselves, life would be “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short”
Thomas Hobbes’ Social ContractThomas Hobbes’ Social Contract
People should give up certain rights in exchange for law and order by a strong monarch.
People should give up certain rights in exchange for law and order by a strong monarch.
Enlightened DespotsEnlightened Despots
Examples: Frederick II- Prussia Catherine the Great-
Russia (expanded trade and empire)
Examples: Frederick II- Prussia Catherine the Great-
Russia (expanded trade and empire)
Definition- Autocrats who give their people certain rights!
Definition- Autocrats who give their people certain rights!
Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson Constitutions helped
spread independence and free will to other countries (Japan, South Korea, France)
Thomas Jefferson Constitutions helped
spread independence and free will to other countries (Japan, South Korea, France)