Review for benchmark #1- nov.2011

WHAT AM I? WHO AM I?

Powerful empires Located in West Africa Became powerful by controlling trade

Ghana, Mali, and Songhai

Poor maps and navigational tools Disease/starvation Fear of the unknown Lack of adequate supplies

Obstacles to exploration

Located west of the Interior Lowlands and east of the Rocky Mountains

Flat land that gradually increases in elevation westward

Grasslands

The Great Plains

Economic venture Also called the Lost Colony

Roanoke Island

Holds some of the oldest rock formations in North America

Hills worn by erosion Hundreds of lakes carved by glaciers Wrapped around Hudson Bay in a

horseshoe shape

Canadian Shield

Settled by a group of people who wanted freedom to practice their faith without interference

William Penn was the founder

Pennsylvania (Quakers)

Economic: gold, natural resources, trade

Religious: spread of Christianity Competitions for empire Belief in the superiority of their own

culture

Motivating forces for European exploration

Located along the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico

Broad lowland providing many excellent harbors

Coastal Plain

Economic venture Virginia Company of London 1607 First permanent English settlement in

North America

Jamestown

Exchanged goods and ideas Improved navigational tools and ships Claimed territories

Accomplishments of European exploration

Relied on geography and climate for food, clothing, and shelter

Lived in a rainy, mild climate Inhabited the Pacific Northwest Coast

Located-Pacific Northwest

Kwakiutl

Located west of the Rocky Mountains and east of the Sierra Nevada's and the Cascades

Area of varying elevation containing isolated mountain ranges and Death Valley, the lowest point in North America

The Basin and Range Region

Relied on geography and environment for food, clothing, and shelter

Inhabited the southwest in present day New Mexico and Arizona

Lived in desert areas bordering cliffs and mountains

Pueblo

Located- Southwest

Pueblo

Located west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Great Plains

Rolling flat lands with many rivers, broad river valleys, and grassy hills

Interior Lowlands Region

One of the thirteen colonies Settled by people who wanted a new

life and economic freedom Settled by people who had been in

debtor’s prisons in England

Georgia

Relied on geography and climate for food, clothing, and shelter

Inhabited present day Alaska and Northern Canada

Lived in Arctic areas where the temperature is below freezing much of the year

Inuit

Located- Canada- Alaska

Inuit

Located west of the Great Plains and east of the Basin and Range

Rugged mountains stretching from Alaska to Mexico

High elevations Contain the Continental Divide, which

determines the directional flow of rivers

Rocky Mountain Region

Located west of the Coastal Plain Extends from eastern Canada to

western Alabama Old, eroded mountains Oldest mountain range in North

America

Appalachian Mountain region

Relied on geography and climate for food, clothing, and shelter

Inhabited the interior of the United States

Great Plains Dry grasslands

Lakota

Located- The Great Plains

Lakota

Settled by separatists from the Church of England

Colonists wanted to avoid religious persecution

Plymouth Colony (Pilgrims)

Pilgrims landing at Plymouth Rock

Interacted with the Native Americans during the European Exploration Era

Established settlements and claimed ownership of land

Learned farming techniques from the American Indians

Traded

English/England

Rugged mountains along the Pacific Coast

Stretch from California to Canada Contains fertile valleys

The Coastal Range region

Relied on geography and climate for food, clothing, and shelter

Inhabited Northeast North America Heavily forested Eastern Woodland

Iroquois

Located- Northeast- Eastern Woodlands

Iroquois

New England colony Settled by people seeking religious

freedom Puritans

Massachusetts Bay Colony

John Winthrop, the firstGovernor of the MassachusettsBay Colony

Interacted with the Native Americans during the European Exploration Era

Brought European diseases Brought Christianity to the New World Conquered and enslaved Native

Americans

Spanish/Spain

European Explorers Did not explore North America Explored along the coast of West Africa

Portugal

Explored North America Had the best relationship with the

Native Americans Established trading posts

French/France

The canoes, bows, and spears were examples

CAPITAL RESOURCES- goods produced and used to make other goods and services.

Study human behavior and culture through the recovery and analysis of artifacts.

ARCHAEOLOGY

HOW GEOGRAPHIC FEATURES ARE IMPORTANT TO UNITED STATES HISTORY

PATTERNS OF TRADE TRADE ROUTES GREW ALONG RIVERS LIKE THE

MIGHTY MISSISSIPPI RIVER OR THE GREAT LAKES. LOCATIONS OF CITIES AND TOWNS CITIES AND TOWNS DEVELOPED IN AREAS NEAR

LARGE BODIES OF WATER THAT PROVIDED TRANSPORTATION FOR GOODS AS WELL AS NATURAL RESOURCES

WESTWARD (FRONTIER) MOVEMENT RIVERS SERVED AS A MAJOR TRANSPORTATION

NETWORK FOR EARLY SETTLERS MOVING WEST

AGRICULTURE AND FISHING INDUSTRIES THE GREAT PLAINS OFFERED GREAT EXPANSES

OF LAND FOR AGRICULTURE USE, SUCH AS FARMING AND RAISING CATTLE. FISHING INDUSTRIES GREW AROUND AMERICA’S PLENTIFUL COASTAL AREAS, SUCH AS VIRGINIA’S EASTERN SHORE.

Imaginary lines that run around the Earth from North to South

Longitude

Large Land mass surrounded by water

Continents

Is considered a continent even though it is not entirely surrounded by water. The land mass is frequently called Eurasia.

Europe

The American Indians had to rely on the materials around them to meet their basic needs.

GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE

Large body of water

The Oceans

Arctic Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Indian Ocean

Southern Ocean

Served as the highway for explorers, early settlers, and later immigrants

The Atlantic Ocean

Imaginary lines that run around the Earth from East to West

Latitude

Were the transportation arteries/life lines for farm and industrial products. They were also links to other parts of the world.

Mississippi RiverMissouri River

Was explored by the Spanish

The Colorado River

I form the border with Mexico

The Rio Grande River

I was a gateway to the west

The Ohio River

I was located on the Nottoway River in southeastern Virginia.

Cactus Hill

An archaeologist excavating at Cactus Hill

Items found at Cactus Hillprovide archaeologists with evidenceabout the people who used to live there.These stone tools date back about

15,000 years.

Artifacts

I was a European Explorer I explored for Spain I claimed the Southwest United States

Francisco Coronado

I was a European Explorer I explored eastern Canada I explored for England

John Cabot

I was a European Explorer I explored for France I claimed the Mississippi River Valley

Robert La Salle

COME DIRECTLY FROM NATURE

NATURAL RESOURCES-

I was a European Explorer I explored for France I established the French settlement of

Quebec

Samuel de Champlain

I was Portuguese explorer I sailed around the Cape of Good Hope

at the southern end of Africa into the Indian Ocean in 1498

Bartolomeu Dias

I was a Portuguese explorer Ten years after Bartolomeu Dias sailed

into the Indian Ocean, I reached India

Vasco da Gama

WE WERE WATER FEATURES THAT HELPED MOVE PEOPLE

WE HELPED THE EXPLORERS WE SERVED AS A GATEWAY TO THE

WEST

THE MAJOR RIVERS OF THE UNITED STATES: COLUMBIA RIVER, OHIO RIVER, RIO GRANDE RIVER, MISSISSIPPI RIVER, MISSOURI RIVER, ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, COLORADO RIVER

People who fished, made clothing, and hunted animals were examples of :

Human Resources- people working to produce goods and services.

I provided the French and Spanish with exploration routes to Mexico and other parts of America.

The Gulf of Mexico

Gulf of Mexico