11/14/2011 1 Brief Review for Exam 3 Chapter4 Molarity & Solution Stoichiometry Chapter 5 Thermo chemistry Chapter 6 Electrons Chapter 4 What is a Solution? • A HOMOGENEOUS Mixture • of TWO or MORE Substances Solvent + Solute = Solution Solvent + Solute = Solution Solvent + Solute = Solution Solvent + Solute = Solution • In which the CONCENTRATION varies • Concentration is expressed in terms of MOLARITY MOLARITY MOLARITY MOLARITY • ELECTROLYTE – A substance that dissolves in water to produce IONS Example: HCl(aq), NaOH(aq), NaCl(aq) • NON ELECTROLYTE A substance that DOES NOT produce IONS, remain as molecules, when dissolved in water. Example: sugar ELECTROLYTES 1. STRONG ELECTROLYTES A substance that completely ionizes Strong Acids [7] Strong Bases [7] Soluble Salts 2. WEAK ELECTROLYTES A substance that does NOT completely ionize FORMULA WEIGHT FORMULA WEIGHT FORMULA WEIGHT FORMULA WEIGHT is the Conversion Factor between GRAMS & MOLES MOLARITY MOLARITY MOLARITY MOLARITY is the Conversion Factor Between LITERS & MOLES Molarity (M) Memorize the definition Memorize the definition Memorize the definition Memorize the definition or Moles Solute = Molarity x Liters of solution moles = M x V solution of Liters solute of moles = Molarity
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FORMULA WEIGHTFORMULA WEIGHTFORMULA WEIGHTFORMULA WEIGHT
is the Conversion Factor between
GRAMS & MOLES
MOLARITY MOLARITY MOLARITY MOLARITY
is the Conversion Factor Between
LITERS & MOLES
Molarity (M)
Memorize the definitionMemorize the definitionMemorize the definitionMemorize the definition
or
Moles Solute = Molarity x Liters of solution
moles = M x V
solution of Liters
solute of moles =Molarity
11/14/2011
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NaCl (solid) + H2O (liquid) � NaCl (aq)
58.5 grams + water a One Liter Salt Solution
�Formula weight of NaCl= 23.0 + 35.5= 58.5 g/mol
solutionofLiters
soluteofmolesMolarity
=
molgramsmolesNaCl 00.158.5grams
1mole x 5.58 ==
MMolarity 00.100.1
00.1
solution of Liters
solute of moles ===
58.5 grams solid NaCl + water a Solution
What is in solution?What is in solution?What is in solution?What is in solution?
NaCl is completely soluble in water so
1 NaCl (solid) + water � 1 Na+(aq) +1 Cl-(aq)
�No NaCl (solid) is in solution
1.00 mol of Na1.00 mol of Na1.00 mol of Na1.00 mol of Na++++(aq) (aq) (aq) (aq) & 1.00 mol of Cl 1.00 mol of Cl 1.00 mol of Cl 1.00 mol of Cl ----(aq) are in (aq) are in (aq) are in (aq) are in
solution for a total of 2.00 moles of ionssolution for a total of 2.00 moles of ionssolution for a total of 2.00 moles of ionssolution for a total of 2.00 moles of ions
M00.1Cl ofMolarity (aq) =−
M00.1 Na ofMolarity (aq) =+
For Example
Pour 51.0 mL of 2.00 M NaOH(aq) into
50.0 mL of 2.00 M HCl(aq)
1. Is there a Limiting Reagent ?
If so, what is it?------------------------------------