Review Class 2

REVIEW CLASSREVIEW CLASS

Avaliação Mista IIAvaliação Mista II

Present PerfectPresent PerfectFormForm::

[has/have + past participle][has/have + past participle]ExamplesExamples::

You You have seenhave seen that movie many times. that movie many times. HaveHave you you seenseen that movie many times? that movie many times?

You You have not seenhave not seen that movie many that movie many times. times.

USE 1 - Unspecified Time Before NowUSE 1 - Unspecified Time Before Now

We use the Present Perfect to say that an action We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The happened at an unspecified time before now. The

exact time is not important.exact time is not important.

Examples:Examples:

I I have seenhave seen that movie twenty times. that movie twenty times. I think I I think I have methave met him once before. him once before.

There There have beenhave been many earthquakes in California. many earthquakes in California. People People have traveledhave traveled to the Moon. to the Moon. People People have not traveledhave not traveled to Mars. to Mars.

HaveHave you you readread the book yet? the book yet? Nobody Nobody hashas ever ever climbedclimbed that mountain. that mountain.

A: A: HasHas there ever there ever beenbeen a war in the United States? a war in the United States?B: Yes, there B: Yes, there has beenhas been a war in the United States. a war in the United States.

USE 2 - Duration From the Past Until Now USE 2 - Duration From the Past Until Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)(Non-Continuous Verbs)

Examples:Examples:

I I have hadhave had a cold for two weeks. a cold for two weeks. She She has beenhas been in England for six months. in England for six months.

Mary Mary has lovedhas loved chocolate since she was chocolate since she was a little girl. a little girl.

Kate:Kate: Have you ever .......... to New York? Have you ever .......... to New York?SophieSophie: New York? No I've never .......... there. Have : New York? No I've never .......... there. Have

you?you?Kate:Kate: Yes. In fact I've just .......... back from there. I'm Yes. In fact I've just .......... back from there. I'm doing some consultancy work there and I've .......... at doing some consultancy work there and I've .......... at

least six weeks there in the last year.least six weeks there in the last year.Sophie:Sophie: That sounds fabulous. Have you .......... to the That sounds fabulous. Have you .......... to the

top of the Empire State Building? top of the Empire State Building? Kate:Kate: No, I .......... yet. I haven't .......... the ferry to Ellis No, I .......... yet. I haven't .......... the ferry to Ellis

Island either. I've just .......... work so hard. Though I Island either. I've just .......... work so hard. Though I have .......... dinner at Sardi's and .......... a Broadway have .......... dinner at Sardi's and .......... a Broadway

show. show.

KateKate: Have you ever : Have you ever beenbeen to New York? to New York?SophieSophie: New York? No I've never : New York? No I've never beenbeen there. Have there. Have

you?you?KateKate: Yes. In fact I've just : Yes. In fact I've just comecome back from there. I'm back from there. I'm doing some consultancy work there and I've doing some consultancy work there and I've spentspent at at

least six weeks there in the last year.least six weeks there in the last year.SophieSophie: That sounds fabulous. Have you : That sounds fabulous. Have you gone upgone up to the to the

top of the Empire State Building? top of the Empire State Building? KateKate: No, I : No, I haven’thaven’t yet. I haven't yet. I haven't takentaken the ferry to the ferry to

Ellis Island either. I've just Ellis Island either. I've just had tohad to work so hard. work so hard. Though I have Though I have hadhad dinner at Sardi's and dinner at Sardi's and seenseen a a

Broadway show. Broadway show.

Exercise 1Fill the gaps in the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Put them in the present perfect simple.a. I________ a lot of articles about this problem. (read)b. He___________ to Canada. (go)c.________ you ever _________ on a farm? (work)d. We ___________________ more and more trees from our city over the last ten years. (lose)e. She _______________ very kind to me. (be)f. I _________________ on a farm all my life. (live)g. They ________________ us to build new pigsties for our pigs.(tell)h. We ____________ pigs for the last six years. (keep)

Exercises with answersFill the gaps in the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Put them in the present perfect simple.a. I’ve read a lot of articles about this problem. (read)b. He’s gone to Canada. (go)c. Have you ever worked on a farm? (work)d. We have lost more and more trees from our city over the last ten years. (lose)e. She has been very kind to me. (be)f. I have lived on a farm all my life. (live)g. They have told us to build new pigsties for our pigs.(tell)h. We have kept pigs for the last six years. (keep)

SINCE x FORSINCE x FOR

I have waited _________ 4 o'clock. I have waited _________ 4 o'clock. Sue has only waited _______ 20 minutes. Sue has only waited _______ 20 minutes.

Tim and Tina have learned English _______ six years. Tim and Tina have learned English _______ six years. Fred and Frida have learned French _____ 1998. Fred and Frida have learned French _____ 1998.

Joe and Josephine have gone out together Joe and Josephine have gone out together _____________ Valentine's Day. _____________ Valentine's Day.

I haven't been on holiday ______ last July. I haven't been on holiday ______ last July. Mary has saved her money _______ many years. Mary has saved her money _______ many years.

I haven't eaten anything ________ breakfast. I haven't eaten anything ________ breakfast. You have watched TV _________ hours. You have watched TV _________ hours.

We have lived here __________ 2 months. We have lived here __________ 2 months.

Answers:Answers:I have waited since 4 o'clock. I have waited since 4 o'clock.

Sue has only waited for 20 minutes. Sue has only waited for 20 minutes. Tim and Tina have learned English for six years. Tim and Tina have learned English for six years. Fred and Frida have learned French since 1998. Fred and Frida have learned French since 1998. Joe and Josephine have gone out together since Joe and Josephine have gone out together since

Valentine's Day. Valentine's Day. I haven't been on holiday since last July. I haven't been on holiday since last July.

Mary has saved her money for many years. Mary has saved her money for many years. I haven't eaten anything since breakfast. I haven't eaten anything since breakfast.

You have watched TV for hours. You have watched TV for hours. We have lived here for 2 months. We have lived here for 2 months.

MAKE x DOMAKE x DO

• The bedThe bed• A cup of teaA cup of tea• A guessA guess• A mistakeA mistake• A noiseA noise• A phone callA phone call• A predictionA prediction• A suggestionA suggestion

• an examan exam• The homeworkThe homework• The shoppingThe shopping• Very well at EnglishVery well at English• The washing-up or the The washing-up or the

dishesdishes• BusinessBusiness

Zero ConditionalZero ConditionalTalk about things that are always Talk about things that are always

true.true.Laws of natureLaws of nature

if => whenif => whenIf If (simple present), (simple present)(simple present), (simple present).. (simple present) if (simple present)(simple present) if (simple present)..

When air expands, it becomes When air expands, it becomes lighter.lighter.

First ConditionalFirst ConditionalTalk about possible situations in the Talk about possible situations in the

future.future.If If (simple present), (will + verb)(simple present), (will + verb).. (will + verb) if (simple present)(will + verb) if (simple present)..

If they don’t stop messing around, If they don’t stop messing around, I’ll call the police.I’ll call the police.

Second ConditionalSecond ConditionalTalk about imaginary or unlikely Talk about imaginary or unlikely

situations.situations.If If (simple past), (would + verb)(simple past), (would + verb).. (would + verb) if (simple past)(would + verb) if (simple past)..

If I lived in Rio de Janeiro, I would If I lived in Rio de Janeiro, I would go to the beach every weekend.go to the beach every weekend.

Remember!!!Remember!!!• Carefully manage your time. Don’t spend Carefully manage your time. Don’t spend

too much time on any one question or topic too much time on any one question or topic area. area.

• Read the questions carefully. A careless Read the questions carefully. A careless “skimming” of the question may lead you to “skimming” of the question may lead you to a completely different, and incorrect, a completely different, and incorrect, answer. answer.

• Read each item carefully and eliminate Read each item carefully and eliminate obviously incorrect answers. obviously incorrect answers.