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CCT 2007Grandchildren to have electricity from coal through their lifetime
Coal can be part of the portfolio of solutions to long term climate protection
No single winning clean coal technology, but R & D worldwide is based on a core set of technologies
Different policies in different regions = different technology pathways
Many demos announced (but none for post combustion capture)
Financial and regulation under development but a long way to go
CCT 2009Grandchildren to have electricity from coal through their lifetime
Coal with CCS is indispensable in next decades
Still no single winning clean coal technology. Research on 2nd
generation technologies underway
Different policies in different regions = different technology pathways
Demo intentions hardened, inc post combustion but action delayed by regulation and finance until very recently
Regulation now becoming set in some major OECD countries. Finance still woefully inadequate.
0
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000
10 000
12 000
14 000
16 000
18 000
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Mtoe
Other renewables
Hydro
Nuclear
Biomass
Gas
Coal
Oil
World energy demand expands by 45% between now and 2030 – an average rate of increase
of 1.6% per year – with coal accounting for more than a third of the overall rise
World primary energy demand in the Reference Scenario: this is unsustainable!this is unsustainable!
IEA WEO 2008
The continuing importance of coal in world primary energy demand
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Non‐OECD OECD
All other fuelsCoal
Shares of incremental energy demand
Reference Scenario, 2006 ‐
2030Increase in primary demand, 2000 ‐
2007
Demand for coal has been growing faster than any other energy source & is projected to
account for more than a third of incremental global energy demand to 2030
Mtoe
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1 000
Coal Oil Gas Renewables Nuclear
4.8%
1.6% 2.6%
2.2%
0.8%
% = average annual rate of growth
IEA WEO 2008
Making the best use of the EU’s indigenous energy resources (Heinz Hilbrecht EC DG Tren, CCT2009)
Clear objective for renewables, the EU's greatest potential source of indigenous energy
Coal remains an essential component of EU’s domestic energy supply as an important alternative to oil and gas – 30 % of power generation is based on coal
COM calls for all cost-effective measures to promote environmentally-compatible development of the EU’s indigenous fossil fuels
Technology is crucial; next step in the Strategic Energy Technology Plan to a Communication on Financing Low Carbon Technologies
Long-term use of coal requires highly-efficient plants and wide availability of CCS
The Reference Scenario: World electricity generation
0
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000
10 000
12 000
14 000
16 000
2006 2030
TWh
Coal
Oil
Gas
Nuclear
Hydro
Biomass
Wind
Rest of renewables
The shares of coal & renewables in the power‐generation fuel mix increase to 2030 – mainly at the expense of natural gas & nuclear power
IEA WEO 2008
Global electricity generation (450 ppm Scenario)
This is what adopting a 450ppm CO2 concentration means in
terms of adjusted technology shares. Is it achievable?
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
2006 2030
Wind Hydrogen Other Renewables Biomass & Waste Hydro Nuclear Gas Oil Coal41%
18%
2%
6%
22%
20%
5%
9%
(1%)
21%
16%
1%1%
4%18%
40%15%
18%
World Energy Outlook 2008, IEA
adapted from VGB 2007; efficiency – HHV,net
Average worldwide
~28.4%
~1110 gCO2/kWh
~36%
~880 gCO2/kWh
EU average
~42%
~740 gCO2/kWh
State‐of‐the artPC/IGCC
CCS
<2020
~48%
~665 gCO2/kWh
Advanced R&D
but deep cuts only by
CO2 emission reduction by key technologies
gCO
2/kW
h
Energy Efficiency makes big change but deep cuts of CO2 emission
COMMERCIAL CCS USC TO 35 MPa/700°C/720°C (scrubbing only for 700°C technology)
COMMERCIAL OXY-COAL USC TO 30 MPa/600°C/620°C
OXY-COAL CCS DEMO 700°C TECHNOLOGY
COMMERCIAL CCS USC TO 35 MPa/700°C/720°C ALL CAPTURE SYSTEMS
COMMERCIAL CCS USC ROUTINELY BEYOND 35MPa/700°C/720°C ALL CAPTURE SYSTEMS ALL COALS, ALL FIRING CONFIGURATIONS 45%+ NET, LHV, INC CO2 CAPTURE, ALL COALS
>700°C/>720°C DEMOS ALL WITH CCS, VARIOUS TYPES R&D materials
R&D Oxy-coal materials >700°C
Emissions on bitum coals: Particulates 5-10 mg/m3 SO2 <20 mg/m3 NOx 50-100 mg/m3 dry systems can give lower emissions
Emissions on all coals: Particulates 1 mg/m3 SO2 10 mg/m3 NOx 10 mg/m3 90% mercury removal
Near-zero emissions all coals: Particulates <1 mg/m3 SO2 <10 mg/m3 NOx <10 mg/m3 99% mercury removal 90% CO2 capture
Current position (2009) 2009-2015 2015-2017 2017-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 Post-2030
5 DEMOS/EX- DEMOS OPERATE, 250-300MWe VARIOUS ENTRAINED GASIFIERS ON VARIOUS COALS 600 MWe COMMERCIAL PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION. HIGHER CAP. COST THAN PCC BUT COST W. CAPTURE COMPETITIVE. 40-43% NET, LHV, 46% NEW PLANTS (LATEST F-TURBINES) ON BITUMINOUS COALS
CONSTRUCT COMMERCIAL PLANTS WITH LATEST F AND W TURBINES
85% AVAILABILITY COMMERCIAL PLANTS WITH LATEST F- AND W-CLASS GTs. SOME WITH PARTIAL CAPTURE COMMERCIAL OP OF NEW WATER QUENCH GASIFIERS
R&D AND PILOT REDUCE CAP COST INCREASE AVAILABILITY EXTEND RANGE OF COALS GAS TURBINE DEVELOPMENTS OPTIMISE IGCC BLOCKS DEVELOPMENT OF DRY SYNGAS CLEANING NON-CRYOGENIC AIR SEPARATION, e.g. ITM
FULL FLOW PRE-COMB CCS DEMOS USING SHIFT+SCRUBBING
COMMERCIAL PLANTS OPERATING WITH H- GTs ABLE TO BURN HIGH HYDROGEN FULL CO2 CAPTURE AVAILABLE CAPITAL COST COMPARABLE WITH PCC FOR NON-CAPTURE SYSTEMS EFFICIENCY 50%+ LHV BASIS ON ALL COALS (NO CO2 CAPTURE)
CO2 CAPTURE AS STANDARD USING GAS SEPARATION MEMBRANES CAPITAL COST LOWER THAN PCC WITH CCS 45%+, LHV, INC CO2 CAPTURE, ALL COALS ITM OXYGEN AS STANDARD WITH ITM-OPTIMISED H2 GT DRY GAS CU INCL MERCURY FUEL CELLS IN SOME PLANTS EVENTUALLY OTHER SYSTEMS WITH CO2 GTs CO2/H2O GTs
COMMERCIAL SCALE DEMO OF DRY GAS CLEANUP DEMONSTRATE ITM O2 IN IGCC WITH ITM-OPTIMISED GT PROVE ABOVE
OPERATE ON HIGH HYDROGEN FUELS WITH SATISFACTORY NOx EMISSIONS SO CAPTURE COMPATIBLE
DEMONSTRATE ITM OXYGEN SUPPLY IN IGCC
DEVELOP CO2 GTs DEMONSTRATE LARGE FUEL CELLS ON SYNGAS DEMONSTRATE ULTRA-DEEP SYNGAS CLEANING FOR FUEL CELLS
90% AVAILABILITY COMMERCIAL IGCC WITH H-CLASS GTSs WITH ULTRA-LOW NOx ON HYDROGEN FUEL
REDUCE COST EXTEND RANGE OF COALS ITM DEMO ON IGCC (PARTIAL FLOW) DEMOS OF HGCU SIDESTREAM GAS CU+FUEL CELL
ADVANCED CCS DEMOS
HGH AVAILABILITY COMMERCIAL PLANTS OPERATING WITH LATEST F- AND W-CLASS GTs VARIOUS GASIFIER TYPES
DEMONSTRATE NON-CRYOGENIC AIR SEPARATION
DEVELOP H-CLASS IGCC GT DEVELOP GT FOR ITM CYCLES DEVELOP NOVEL GASIFIER DESIGNS NEW POWER CYCLES PILOT GAS CLEANING+ FUEL CELLS TESTS
SLIPSTREAM TEST OF FUEL CELL ON ULTRA-CLEAN SYNGAS
CCT 2009 – What did we cover? (almost 400 of us and about 150 papers)
Keynotes:Position of German Government on continued need for coal useContinued extensive use of coal inevitable but with CCS after 2020Energy security and clean coal needed with CCSData on CO2 storage is becoming more, better and convincingKey role of materials Industry view from Siemens on application of IGCC and post combustion
Technical topicsCoal gasification – many aspectsCarbon capture –many aspects with a lot on oxy fuelCoal to LiquidsCombustion and Chemical LoopingCo-utilisation of Coal and Biomass; Underground Coal GasificationProgrammes and regional perspectives
Contributing to the Agenda for Coal which now extends right into the highest reaches of national and international policies
Influencing and reinforcing messages on the urgency & importance of RD & D for both short term improvements and the long term drive towards a carbon free power plant
Almost 400 people came here , over 30 countries Coverage of coal
utilisation: o Policy and emerging
none technical barriers
o Long term technology development
o Short-medium term technology needs
o Coal Science Superb networking in a friendly atmosphere
FEDERAL MINISTRY OF ECONOMICS AND TECHNOLOGY who gave their patronage
FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JUELICH and the INSTITUTE of ENERGY PROCESSING ENGINEERING and CHEMICAL ENGINEERING at TU BERKAKADAMIE FREIBERG who organised the conference alongside staff of IEA CLEAN COAL CENTRE
TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DRESDEN for further support
VATTENFALLFREISTSAAT SACHSENRWEVGBSIEMENS Who all sponsored the conference