Results from the evaluation of Bachpan program, Ratlam District, Madhya Pradesh, India

Improving Early Childhood Development Through Community

Mobilization and Integrated Planning for Children

Results from the evaluation of

Bachpan program, Ratlam District, Madhya Pradesh, India

Background….• Starting point World Bank 2004 report “Reaching Out to the

Child” • One of the recommendations: Village Plans for Child

Development: – Decentralized, but led by an informed/ enlightened community; – Contextual and Cross-sectoral planning for children that would

inform sectoral interventions and implementation.

• Government of MP invited the World Bank to help the State in piloting the concept in a block in the State

• Bank Response: – Support for Pilot, impact evaluation– Four partners: Naandi (NGO which implemented the concept pilot);

INDICUS (baseline and end line surveys for IE); ERU (Process Documentation); Govt of MP (Programs and functionaries)

• Vision: “Happy, Healthy and Learning Child”

• Mission: Facilitate integrated child development by

– helping improved service delivery through coordinated and convergent approach (addressing supply side); and

– promoting better child care and development practices by educating community and providing information about child care practices, outcomes and availability of services and schemes. (demand side)

• Key Features:

• Address the life cycle continuum.• Establish convergence of provisions for children across health, nutrition and

education • Engender bottom-up planning through community participation.

• 4 Stages of Early childhood– New born till 12 years, including the details from pre-natal care – 12+ months to 24 months– 24+ months to 6 years– 6- 10 years

Vision, Mission, and features of Project “Bachpan”

• Objectives: – Create awareness on child development with a focus on the girl child– Strengthen linkages between different service providers– Strengthen linkages between the community, panchayat and service

Providers– Facilitate formation of Ekta Samuhs (Village Resource Groups) with

representatives of the community, panchayat and service providers– Develop integrated village level action plans around the needs of the

child– Advocate and lobby with local, district and state administration for

flexible allocation of resources

Vision, Mission, and Objectives of Project “Bachpan”

Interventions of Project “Bachpan”

– Participatory resource/service delivery mapping.

– Provision of information and educating the community on child development issues, as well as managing service delivery.

– Community mobilization aimed at bringing parents and service providers on common platforms to discuss child development and service delivery issues.

– Formation of Village Resource Groups (VRGs) called Ekta Samuhs (unity groups), to discuss child advancement issues, identify gaps and requirements, and formalize it in the form of village plans.

– Facilitation of the interactions between VRGs and bock- and district-level health, nutrition and education officials, and feeding the village plans into district plans for RCH, ICDS and SSA.

– Enable specific service provisions like the fixed day health check up (a particular day in a month agreed between the health worker and the community on which the health worker visits school and the community brings the children for regular check up)

– Provide training to frontline service providers (health workers, anganwadi workers, and teachers) to manage service delivery records, effective service delivery, and sensitize them to ensure enhanced accountability.

Sub-Stage 1: Improved monitoring of growth and development of children and health of pregnant women

Percentage of pregnant women who received full antenatal check-up

Percentage of pregnant women who regularly received supplementary food

Percentage of deliveries assisted by the institutionally trained Percentage of children not underweight

Sub-Stage 2: Improved rates of immunization by end of year 1; completion of all prophylaxis of Vitamin A; average daily time spent on adult-child interaction in families

Percentage of mothers of children under one year who have provided six months exclusive breast-feeding

Percentage of children fully immunized by year 1 Percentage of children who have completed all prophylaxis of

Vitamin A Percentage of children with appropriate weight-for-age Average daily time spend on adult-child interaction in the

family

Sub-Stages 3/4 Quality of early childhood education; teacher and student attendance; rates of dropouts and transition; achievement levels in Grade 2

Percentage of children entering Grade 1 who have an adequate vocabulary in the school language

Percentage of Grade I children who have attended preschool program

Percentage of teacher and student attendance Rate of dropout and transition to next stage Achievement levels in language and Mathematics in Grade 2 Percentage of 6-11 year olds completing primary education

Key Milestones

Monitoring and Impact Evaluation

• Pilot programs were implemented in Bajna, while a similar, neighboring tribal block Sailana was selected as the control block.

• Baseline survey carried out in 2005-06; end-line survey in 2009

• Three modes of monitoring and e approach:– Regular monitoring by NGO, Government functionaries– Baseline and Endline surveys –by INDICUS– Process Documentation – quarterly visits, consultation

with communities, recording all enabling factors and bottlenecks – Education Resource Unit (ERU)

– Film – documenting the whole process of community mobilization and development of village plans for children

Overall Results

• The evaluation shows improvements in – community’s knowledge, awareness levels, and

practices, – on most of the outcomes/sub-stage

development milestones

• between base line survey and end line survey period

• But improvements in project area significantly better compared to the control area

Inferences

• Coordinated cross-sectoral approach in planning and implementation produce better results than when delivered in silos?

• Social sector outcomes are a result of a bouquet of interventions, identified in a contextual manner through participatory planning, rather than a top-down approach

• Process documentation is important• Social sector interventions – critical

minimum gestation period for impact

Limitations

• No process documentation in control area. Hence difficult to explain the improvements in control area; Since both blocks were adjacent, the “spill over” effects possible in control area

• In a typical experimental design, service delivery in the control group is expected to remain same. However, there were changes in government officials, interventions etc .. In the absence of process documentation, difficult to capture whether these changes were similar or different in both blocks

• The project / study groups were more or less homogenous.. (tribal area, mostly illiterate; social, economic and occupational profiles). Hence difficult to explain differential impact due to variations in socio-economic and household factors