Respiratory System. Purpose of the Respiratory System To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the blood of the human body.

Respiratory System

Purpose of the Respiratory System

To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the blood of the

human body.

Oxygen is needed for the process of cellular respiration:

Glucose + Oxygen ATP + Carbon Dioxide + Water

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Anatomy of the Respiratory System2

Nasal Cavity

Filters out dust and other large particles in the air. Hair like structures called

cilia, line this passageway & sweep the particles into the throat so they won’t get into

the lungs. It also has mucous membranes to

warm and moisten the air.

Phaynx & Larynx

PHARYNXA location in the body that allows air and food pass through. This part of the body is shared with the

respiratory and digestive system.

LARYNX1. It prevents food particles from traveling down into the

lungs. A flap of tissue called epiglottis, covers

the opening to this structure.

2. Contains vocal cords and helps produce vocalization.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aAMlTxOrrj0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BR6BlwC_n0

Trachea

A single long tube with cartilage rings. It is also known as the wind pipe.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xiTHKH2bQN8#t=159

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iflca2KQWP4

Bronchi & Bronchioles

BRONCHITwo small tubes that branch off from the trachea. They are

airways that transport gas in and out of the

lungs.

BRONCHIOLESThe smallest and narrowest airways of the respiratory

system. At the end there is a bundle of air sacs.

Alveoli

Thin air sacs that are the site of oxygen and carbon dioxide gas exchange. The sacs are

bundled together like grapes. Blood capillaries surround it.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTMYSGXhJ4E

Diaphragm

Muscle that separates the chest cavity from the

abdominal cavity. Contractions of the muscle

expands the cavity. Relaxation of the muscle reduces the size of the

cavity.

Alveoli

Through the process of diffusion gas moves from an area of higher concentration to a lower concentration.

The heart pumps blood to the lungs.

O2 diffuses into the blood capillary

CO2 diffuses out of the blood capillary

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How does the body know when to inhale and exhale?

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The Diaphragm5

Emphysema

CAUSES SYMPTOMS

•Long term exposure to airborne irritants (ex. smoking, air pollution)

•Coughing•Shortness of breath•Difficulty exhaling•Alveoli sacs ruptured

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Asthma

CAUSES SYMPTOMS Interaction of genetic and environmental

factors. Inherited tendency to develop allergies to

airborne irritants.

Coughing Wheezing Shortness of breath Chest pain Constriction of bronchiole muscle tissue Inflammation of bronchiole muscle

tissue

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Lung Cancer

CAUSES SYMPTOMS Primary Cause 1st hand smoking 2nd hand smoke Long term exposure to airborne irritants

(high air pollution) Family history of disease

Coughing Wheezing Weight loss Fatigue Tumor growth in lung tissue (can spread

to other parts of the respiratory system & beyond)

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Bronchitis

CAUSES SYMPTOMS

Acute condition virus or bacteria

Chronic condition 1st and 2nd hand smoking

A cough that brings up mucus

Wheezing Shortness of

breath Chest Pain Low fever Inflammation of

bronchiole muscle tissue

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Pneumonia

CAUSES SYMPTOMS

Bacteria

Viruses

Cough with mucus

Shortness of breath

Chest pain Shaking chills High fever Fluid or pus fills

up alveoli

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Tuberculosis

CAUSES SYMPTOMS Bacteria Cough with mucus

Cough with blood Fatigue Fever Weight loss Wheezing Bacteria multiply in the alveoli and rupture the alveoli membrane

spreads to other airways and parts of the lung

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