1/9/2018 1 Anatomy of the Respiratory System Includes Physiology Anatomy & Physiology: Honors Turner College & Career High School 2018 Respiratory System Upper Respiratory Tract Conducting passageways carrying air to and from the alveoli. ◦ Upper respiratory passages filter and humidify incoming air. Nasal Cavity Larynx Pharynx Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx Lower Respiratory Tract Conducting passageways carrying air to and from the alveoli. ◦ Lower passageways include delicate conduction passages and alveolar exchange surfaces. Trachea Lungs Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli Diaphragm Respiratory System Pathway Nasal Cavity (or oral cavity) Pharynx Trachea Primary bronchi (left or right) Secondary bronchi Tertiary bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli Nasal Cavity Functions Provides an airway for respiration. Moistens and warms entering air. Filters and cleans inspired air. Resonating chamber for speech. Detects odors in the airstream.
10
Embed
Respiratory System - Pearland Independent School District€¦ · Respiratory System Includes Physiology Anatomy & Physiology: Honors Turner College & Career High School 2018 Respiratory
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
1/9/2018
1
Anatomy of the
Respiratory SystemIncludes Physiology
Anatomy & Physiology: HonorsTurner College & Career High School
2018
Respiratory System
Upper Respiratory Tract
Conducting passageways carrying air
to and from the alveoli.
◦ Upper respiratory passages filter and
humidify incoming air.
Nasal Cavity
Larynx
Pharynx
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Lower Respiratory Tract
Conducting passageways carrying air to and from the alveoli.
◦ Lower passageways include delicate conduction passages and alveolar exchange surfaces.
Trachea
Lungs
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Diaphragm
Respiratory System Pathway
Nasal Cavity (or oral cavity)
Pharynx
Trachea
Primary bronchi (left or right)
Secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Nasal Cavity Functions
Provides an airway for respiration.
Moistens and warms entering air.
Filters and cleans inspired air.
Resonating chamber for speech.
Detects odors in the airstream.
1/9/2018
2
Nasal Cavity Anatomy Nasal Cavity Anatomy
Vibrissae (guard hairs) – stiff hairs that filter large
particles from the air.
Nasal cilia – hair-like projections that propel
trapped particles towards the throat for digestion
by digestive enzymes.
Rich supply of capillaries warm the inspired air
Nasal conchae – folds in the mucous membrane
that increase air turbulence and ensures that most
air contacts the mucous membranes.
Nasal Cavity Anatomy
Olfactory mucosa – mucous membranes that
contain smell receptors.
Respiratory mucosa – pseudo-stratified ciliated
columnar epithelium containing goblet cells that
secrete mucus.
◦ Mucus
◦ Stickiness traps inhaled particles
◦ Lysozyme kills bacteria
Lymphocytes & IgA antibodies protect against
bacteria.
Sinuses
Upper Respiratory
Three regions of the pharynx:
• Nasopharynx – air passage (pseudostratified
columnar epithelium).
• Oropharynx – passageway for air, food, and drink
(stratified squamous epithelium).
• Laryngopharynx –
passageway for air, food,
and drink (stratified
squamous epithelium).
Upper Respiratory
1/9/2018
3
Larynx Anatomy
• Nine c-rings of hyaline cartilage form the framework of the larynx.
• Muscular walls aid in voice production and the swallowing reflex.
• Glottis – the superior opening of the larynx.
• Epiglottis – prevents food and drink from entering airway when swallowing.
• False vocal cords – aid in closing the glottis when swallowing.
• True vocal cords – produce sound when air passes between them.
• The shorter and thinner these membranes are, the faster air moves over them – produces high pitched sounds.
• The longer and thicker these membranes are, the slower air moves over them – produces low pitched sounds.
Larynx
Larynx
Functions
1. Keeps food and drink out of the airway.
2. Sound production.
3. Acts as a sphincter during abdominal straining (ex.
during defecation and heavy lifting).
Trachea Anatomy
Functions
1. Air passageway.
2. Cleans, warms, and moistens incoming air.
3. Selected anatomical features:
• Rings of hyaline cartilage – reinforce the trachea
and keep it from collapsing when you inhale.
• Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium – traps
inhaled debris and propels mucus up to the
pharynx where it is swallowed.
Trachea Lung Anatomy
Function - Solely an air passageway.
1/9/2018
4
Lung Segmental Anatomy Lung Features1. Left and right primary bronchi
branch off from trachea. 2. Once the left and right primary
bronchi enter the lungs they are subdivided into smaller tubes: ◦ Secondary bronchi (one for each