Respiratory System

Respiratory Respiratory SystemSystem

BreathingBreathing

Moving air in Moving air in and out of the and out of the

lungslungs

InhalationInhalation

Breathing inBreathing in Body gets oxygen from the airBody gets oxygen from the air Rib muscles contract to pull ribs up and Rib muscles contract to pull ribs up and

outout Diaphragm Diaphragm muscle contracts to pull down muscle contracts to pull down

the lungsthe lungs Tissue expands to force (pull) in air.Tissue expands to force (pull) in air.

http://mhln.com

ExhalationExhalation Breathing out - rib muscles relaxBreathing out - rib muscles relax Diaphragm Diaphragm muscle relaxesmuscle relaxes Get rid of carbon dioxide Get rid of carbon dioxide Tissue returns to resting position and Tissue returns to resting position and

forces (pushes) air outforces (pushes) air out

http://mhln.com

http://www.mikecurtis.org.uk/respiratory_system.htm

Breathing involves the Breathing involves the following structuresfollowing structures

MouthMouth – Air can enter and leave, but isn’t cleaned – Air can enter and leave, but isn’t cleaned

Nose Nose - Place where the air is first cleaned, moistened and - Place where the air is first cleaned, moistened and warmedwarmed

Pharynx Pharynx (throat)(throat) Trachea Trachea -wind pipe - carries air to bronchi -wind pipe - carries air to bronchi Lungs:Lungs:

Bronchi Bronchi (branches of windpipe going into lungs)(branches of windpipe going into lungs) BronchiolesBronchioles – smaller branches of bronchi – smaller branches of bronchi AlveoliAlveoli – grape-like structure where gas exchage occurs with – grape-like structure where gas exchage occurs with

bloodblood

Diaphragm –Diaphragm – dome shaped muscle that contracts and dome shaped muscle that contracts and relaxes to move air in and out of the bodyrelaxes to move air in and out of the body

Also involved in breathing are…Also involved in breathing are…

EpiglottisEpiglottis – small flap of tissue that – small flap of tissue that seals off the trachea when you swallowseals off the trachea when you swallow

LarynxLarynx – top part of trachea (beneath – top part of trachea (beneath the epiglottis) – where the the epiglottis) – where the vocal cordsvocal cords (folds of connective tissue) are (folds of connective tissue) are stretched across the openingstretched across the opening

Let’s review Let’s review

Pathway of oxygenPathway of oxygen Structures of the respiratory systemStructures of the respiratory system Why is the epiglottis important?Why is the epiglottis important? Why can’t you hold your breath and talk at Why can’t you hold your breath and talk at

the same time?the same time?

In the lungs…In the lungs… Inside the lung, the tubes divide into Inside the lung, the tubes divide into

smaller and smaller tubes called smaller and smaller tubes called bronchiolesbronchioles..

At the end of each of these tubes are At the end of each of these tubes are small air sacs called small air sacs called alveolialveoli..

CapillariesCapillaries are wrapped around these are wrapped around these alveolialveoli. .

http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/

http://www.mtsinai.org/

DiffusionDiffusion

Capillary walls are so thin and close to the Capillary walls are so thin and close to the alveoli that the air easily diffuses (passes alveoli that the air easily diffuses (passes through) between them. through) between them.

Oxygen diffuses into the capillaries to be Oxygen diffuses into the capillaries to be carried through the bloodstream.carried through the bloodstream.

Carbon dioxide in the capillaries diffuses Carbon dioxide in the capillaries diffuses into the alveoli, and is then removed from into the alveoli, and is then removed from the body when we exhale. the body when we exhale.

What happens in the Alveoli…What happens in the Alveoli…

http://users.tpg.com.au/users/amcgann/body/respiratory.html

What about…What about…

SneezingSneezing – clears out the nasal cavity of – clears out the nasal cavity of any foreign particlesany foreign particles

YawningYawning – brings more oxygen into the – brings more oxygen into the lungslungs

CoughingCoughing – air from the lungs expels – air from the lungs expels foreign particlesforeign particles

Respiratory SystemRespiratory System

Function:Function: Bring in oxygen to the body and release Bring in oxygen to the body and release

carbon dioxide from the bodycarbon dioxide from the body

Breathing and Breathing and Respiration are Respiration are NOTNOT

the same thing!the same thing!

BreathingBreathing

Moving air in and Moving air in and out of the lungsout of the lungs

RespirationRespiration

Exchange of oxygen and Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the carbon dioxide between the capillaries and the alveoli.capillaries and the alveoli.

Chemical reaction that uses Chemical reaction that uses reactants oxygen and reactants oxygen and glucose to produce energy, glucose to produce energy, carbon dioxide and watercarbon dioxide and water

Diseases & DisordersDiseases & Disorders

Emphysema–Emphysema– the alveoli in the lungs are destroyed, the alveoli in the lungs are destroyed, limiting the ability to get oxygen and release carbon limiting the ability to get oxygen and release carbon dioxidedioxide

Chronic bronchitisChronic bronchitis – instead of helping to clean the – instead of helping to clean the lungs, the mucus blocks your airways. The mucus is lungs, the mucus blocks your airways. The mucus is thicker and more difficult to cough up. This means it's thicker and more difficult to cough up. This means it's easier for bacteria to settle in your lower airways and easier for bacteria to settle in your lower airways and become infected.become infected.

Asthma –Asthma –disorder of the lungs in which there may be disorder of the lungs in which there may be a shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing.a shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing.

Lung cancerLung cancer – cancerous cells (tumors) take away – cancerous cells (tumors) take away space in the lungsspace in the lungs