Respiration. Release of energy from food – DON’T CONFUSE IT WITH GASEOUS EXCHANGE OR BREATHING. Respiration.

Respiration

Release of energy from food – DON’T CONFUSE IT WITH GASEOUS EXCHANGE OR BREATHING.

Respiration

Release of energy from food. Occurs in ALL cells; in the c__________ and

the m_________

Respiration

Release of energy from food. Occurs in ALL cells; in the c__________ and

the m_________

Respiration

ATP – adenosine triphosphate. UNIVERSAL ENERGY CARRIER.

Sources of energy

ATP – adenosine triphosphate. UNIVERSAL ENERGY CARRIER.

ATP carries the energy to power EVERY reaction and process in ALL living things.

Sources of energy

ATP – adenosine triphosphate. UNIVERSAL ENERGY CARRIER.

ATP carries the energy to power EVERY reaction and process in ALL living things.

It is then charged up by food molecules – this process is called cellular respiration.

Sources of energy

ATP – adenosine triphosphate. UNIVERSAL ENERGY CARRIER.

ATP carries the energy to power EVERY reaction and process in ALL living things.

It is then charged up by food molecules – this process is called cellular respiration.

One molecule of glucose charges up 38 molecules of ATP.

Sources of energy

ADP – adenosine diphosphate and ATP are similar.

ATP

ADP – adenosine diphosphate and ATP are similar.

ATP carries the energy whereas ADP is the empty carrier.

ATP

ADP – adenosine diphosphate and ATP are similar.

ATP carries the energy whereas ADP is the empty carrier.

The last phosphate bond is the high energy bond.

ATP

ADP – adenosine diphosphate and ATP are similar.

ATP carries the energy whereas ADP is the empty carrier.

The last phosphate bond is the high energy bond.

This bond is where energy is carried.

ATP

ADP – adenosine diphosphate and ATP are similar.

ATP carries the energy whereas ADP is the empty carrier.

The last phosphate bond is the high energy bond.

This bond is where energy is carried. When ATP (tri) gives up its energy, it loses a

phosphate and turns into ADP (di).

ATP

ADP – adenosine diphosphate and ATP are similar. ATP carries the energy whereas ADP is the empty

carrier. The last phosphate bond is the high energy bond. This bond is where energy is carried. When ATP (tri) gives up its energy, it loses a

phosphate and turns into ADP (di). ADP then goes back to the cytoplasm and

mitochondria to be recharged.

ATP

ATP Molecule

ATP cycle

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lx9GklK0xQg

Most of the energy to charge up ADP to ATP comes from the hydrogen in glucose.

More carriers - NAD

Most of the energy to charge up ADP to ATP comes from the hydrogen in glucose.

CO2 formed as a waste product is breathed out.

More carriers - NAD

Most of the energy to charge up ADP to ATP comes from the hydrogen in glucose.

CO2 formed as a waste product is breathed out.

Hydrogen needs to be carried to the correct place – this is where NAD comes in!

More carriers - NAD

Most of the energy to charge up ADP to ATP comes from the hydrogen in glucose.

CO2 formed as a waste product is breathed out.

Hydrogen needs to be carried to the correct place – this is where NAD comes in!

NAD is when it is empty – and NADH2 is when there is hydrogen (see! The H gives it away…)

More carriers - NAD

At the end of glycolysis (which we will come too very soon) and acetyl group is formed.

More Carriers – Co-enzyme A

At the end of glycolysis (which we will come too very soon) and acetyl group is formed.

This can’t exist by itself – it needs a carrier to go to the next step = co-enzyme A

More Carriers – Co-enzyme A

At the end of glycolysis (which we will come too very soon) and acetyl group is formed.

This can’t exist by itself – it needs a carrier to go to the next step = co-enzyme A

Carrying acetyl groups = acetyl co-enzyme A

More Carriers – Co-enzyme A

1st stage: Glycolysis- Takes place in cytoplasm

- Glucose formspyruvate + ATP- C6H12O6 2CH3COCOOH +

2ATP

Process of aerobic respiration3 Stages

1st stage: Glycolysis- Takes place in cytoplasm- Needs 2 ATP’s to kickstart – and charges up

4 ATP’s (so 2 ATP’s are gained)

Process of aerobic respiration3 Stages

1st stage: Glycolysis- Takes place in cytoplasm- Needs 2 ATP’s to kickstart – and charges up

4 ATP’s (so 2 ATP’s are gained)- Glucose is turned into pyruvate (6 carbons to

3 carbons)

Process of aerobic respiration3 Stages

1st stage: Glycolysis- Takes place in cytoplasm- Needs 2 ATP’s to kickstart – and charges up

4 ATP’s (so 2 ATP’s are gained)- Glucose is turned into pyruvate (6 carbons to

3 carbons)- Two NAD’s collect hydrogen & become

________

Process of aerobic respiration3 Stages

1st stage: Glycolysis- Takes place in cytoplasm- Needs 2 ATP’s to kickstart – and charges up

4 ATP’s (so 2 ATP’s are gained)- Glucose is turned into pyruvate (6 carbons to

3 carbons)- Two NAD’s collect hydrogen & become

________- They carry this off to the mitochondrion

membranes

Process of aerobic respiration3 Stages

1st stage: Glycolysis- Takes place in cytoplasm- Needs 2 ATP’s to kickstart – and charges up 4 ATP’s

(so 2 ATP’s are gained)- Glucose is turned into pyruvate (6 carbons to 3

carbons)- Two NAD’s collect hydrogen & become ________- They carry this off to the mitochondrion membranes- No oxygen is needed in this part of the process

Process of aerobic respiration3 Stages

Glycolysis

Pyruvate from cytoplasm moves into mitochondria where it is changed to acetyl co-enzyme A & CO2.

Process of aerobic respiration:2nd part – The Kreb’s cycle

Pyruvate from cytoplasm moves into mitochondria where it is changed to acetyl co-enzyme A & CO2.

The Acetyl is broken down into CO2, H, and ATP

Process of aerobic respiration:2nd part – The Kreb’s cycle

Pyruvate from cytoplasm moves into mitochondria where it is changed to acetyl co-enzyme A & CO2.

The Acetyl is broken down into CO2, H, and ATP

The co-enzyme A is not broken down, and returns to the cytoplasm to pick up another acetyl.

Process of aerobic respiration:2nd part – The Kreb’s cycle

Pyruvate from cytoplasm moves into inner matrix of the mitochondria where it is changed to acetyl co-enzyme A & CO2 (waste)

The Acetyl is broken down into CO2, H, and ATP

The co-enzyme A is not broken down, and returns to the cytoplasm to pick up another acetyl.

Besides ATP, H produced contains a lot of energy.

Process of aerobic respiration:2nd part – The Kreb’s cycle

Pyruvate from cytoplasm moves into inner matrix of the mitochondria where it is changed to acetyl co-enzyme A & CO2 (waste)

The Acetyl is broken down into CO2, H, and ATP The co-enzyme A is not broken down, and returns

to the cytoplasm to pick up another acetyl. Besides ATP, H produces contains a lot of energy. The most important part of this cycle, is that lots

of NADs get filled up forming NADH2.

Process of aerobic respiration:2nd part – The Kreb’s cycle

I will draw the diagram on the board.

Kreb’s cycle

Happens on the mitochondria membranes (or cristae)

Process of aerobic respiration:3rd part – respiratory chain

Happens on the mitochondria membranes (or cristae)

Hydrogen from Krebs cycle produce high energy electrons.

Process of aerobic respiration:3rd part – respiratory chain

Happens on the mitochondria membranes (or cristae)

Hydrogen from Krebs cycle produce high energy electrons.

These electrons move down a “chain” and lose their energy as they pump hydrogen ions across the membrane.

Process of aerobic respiration:3rd part – respiratory chain

Happens on the mitochondria membranes (or cristae)

Hydrogen from Krebs cycle produce high energy electrons.

These electrons move down a “chain” and lose their energy as they pump hydrogen ions across the membrane.

The hydrogen ions move back across the membrane and form ATP

Process of aerobic respiration:3rd part – respiratory chain

Happens on the mitochondria membranes (or cristae)

Hydrogen from Krebs cycle produce high energy electrons.

These electrons move down a “chain” and lose their energy as they pump hydrogen ions across the membrane.

The hydrogen ions move back across the membrane and form ATP

Most ATP is produced in this process

Process of aerobic respiration:3rd part – respiratory chain

Happens on the mitochondria membranes (or cristae) Hydrogen from Krebs cycle produce high energy

electrons. These electrons move down a “chain” and lose their

energy as they pump hydrogen ions across the membrane.

The hydrogen ions move back across the membrane and form ATP

Most ATP is produced in this process The electrons that leave the chain, combine with O and

H to form H2O.

Process of aerobic respiration:3rd part – respiratory chain

Oxygen + H ions + electrons formWater

O2 + 4H+ + 4e- H2O

Respiratory chain