Resources From the Sea1 Fisheries. Resources From the Sea2 Food from the sea The animals that are harvested vary widely from culture to culture Polychaetes,

Resources From the Sea 1

Resources From the Sea

Fisheries

Resources From the Sea 2

Food from the sea The animals that are harvested vary

widely from culture to culture Polychaetes, and sea turtles

Finfish constitute 84% of the total catch Most of the worlds food is grown on

land Only 1% of the food eaten is

from the sea Still marine resources are an important

protein source Cheap source of protein in

developing countries Japan eats 152 lb. per person and

the US eats 42 lb.

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Fishing Efficiency

We have become much more efficient in harvesting fish from the ocean putting a greater strain on the resources

Through the use of satellites, larger fishing boats, factory ships many species are overexploited or exhausted

Most fishing areas are found on the continental shelf and include both demersal and pelagic fisheries

Resources From the Sea 4

World Landings

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Landings The largest catches come

from the clupeoid fishes

Anchovies, menhaden and sardines

These fishes travel in large schools and are captured by purse seines

Used to produce fish protein concentrate (FPC) a protein supplement

Most is made into fish meal for livestock or pressed into fish oil for cosmetics, margarine and paints

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Landings Cods, pollock, haddock, and

hakes are an important fisheries (demersal) caught using trawls

The cod fishery today is non existent on the Grand banks in the New England area

Jacks and basses along with mackerels and flatfishes provide cheap protein

Open water fisheries include several species of tuna eaten by more affluent countries raw

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Overfishing and Fisheries Management

Fisheries are considered renewable resources, oil and gas are considered nonrenewable resources

The first step in effective management is to understand the stock size

Fish stocks grow fastest when there are neither too few nor too many individuals in a population

If too small there are not enough potential parents, if too large competition and overcrowding slow down the growth rate

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Overfishing and Fisheries Management

Sustainable yield = the number that can be harvested and still balance the growth of the population

The highest catch that can be made without adversely affecting the population is called the maximum sustainable yield

To be effective a fisheries manager must know the growth rate and the stock size

Lastly, fishing effort must be actively regulated to allow for the maximum harvest

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Examples of Overexploitation

Sardines on the west coast The Peruvian anchovy Northern Bluefin Tuna

Less than 10% of their former numbers in the northern Atlantic

Swordfish is close to commercial extinction In 1995 88% of the fish caught by the US

fishing fleet were too young to have reproduced

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New Fisheries With all this pressure on traditional fisheries many

new fisheries are being discovered Dolphinfish changed to mahi mahi, squid changed to

calamari Surimi, changing unappealing fish through spices

and preseratives into imitation crab, lobster, crabs, shrimp, and scallops The fish which is commonly used is Alaskan

Pollock Yet to be exploited fisheries include lantern fishes,

pelagic crabs and other cephalopods

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