Resources & Energy. BIG Ideas: People and other organisms use Earth’s resources for everyday living. People and other organisms use Earth’s resources.

Resources & Energy

BIG Ideas:People and other organisms

use Earth’s resources for everyday living.

People use energy resources, most of which originate from the Sun, for everyday living.

The use of natural resources can impact Earth’s land, air, and water.

I. Resources

LimitedTwo categories:

–Renewable: can be replaced by nature at a rate close to the rate at which they are used

–Nonrenewable: renewed very slowly or not at all

A. Renewable Resources

Resources that can be replaced within a human’s lifetime

Name a few resources that you think are considered renewable…

Water

Wind

Vegetation

Sunlight

B. NONrenewable Resources

Resources that cannot be replaced once they are used

Name a few resources that you think are considered nonrenewable…

Coal

Oil

Minerals

C. Formation of Ores

Ores: Deposits of metals and non-metals that can be removed (mined) from the crust profitably.

Can you think of some examples?

Examples of ORES:

pyritemagnetitehematitegalenagraphitesulfur

goldsilvercopperzincnickel leadplatinum

Can you read this ?????

II. Fossil Fuels

organic in origin (formed from living things)

nonrenewable may cause pollution relatively cheap easy to use

What fossil fuels do you know of?

Examples of Fossil Fuels:

coalpetroleumnatural gas

the main sources of energy for transportation, farming, and industry…

A. Coal

Peat: brownish partially decomposed plant remains

Lignite: water and gases squeezed out into a denser material (brown coal)

Bituminous Coal: formed as a result of pressure of more deposited sediment above (soft coal)

Anthracite: produced by extremely high temperatures and pressure; the hardest of all coals

Is anthracite most like an igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rock?

WHY?

Bituminous coal and anthracite consist of 80-90% Carbon, and produce a great amount of heat when they burn

coal

B. Petroleum and Natural Gas

Petroleum and natural gas are mixtures of hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons formed from microorganisms that lived in oceans or lakes millions of years ago

Petroleum = oil = liquid hydrocarbons

Natural gas = hydrocarbons in gaseous form

Crude Oil: unrefined petroleum

Petrochemical: chemicals derived from petroleum

–synthetic fabrics–medicines– tars–waxes–synthetic rubber– insecticides–chemical fertilizers–detergents–shampoos

III. Alternative Energy

A. Solar Energy

1. Passive Systems greenhouses or

home windows

no working parts

2. Active Systems

solar collectors: glass boxes with tubes that circulate water

sun heats the water as it moves through the tubes

B. Geothermal EnergyEnergy from

the heat of the Earth’s interior

Where water flows through rock heated by magma

Hot water (steam) resultsCreates source for huge

supply of energy80% of homes in

Iceland are heated geothermally

Generally used in areas of volcanic activity…

C. Water and Wind Energy1. Hydroelectric Energy: Energy

made by moving water

11% of U.S. electricity is hydroelectric

2. energy from tides

3. energy from wind

D. Nuclear Energy1. Nuclear Fission: a heavy nucleus

divides, releasing large amounts of energy.

Advantage:– Does not produce carbon dioxide and

other greenhouse gases Disadvantages:

– High operating costs– Concerns about radioactive

wastes– Nuclear accidents

2. Nuclear Fusion: multiple atoms join together to form a heavier nucleus–The energy source of the future–Process that provides the sun and

stars with energy to shine–Has been used to produce

nuclear bombs–Not yet successfully

controlled

E. Biomass

Fuels derived from living things:– wood– field crops– fecal material

IV. Virginia’s Rock & Mineral Resources

Coal energyGravel and crushed stone road construction

Limestone making concrete

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