Resources and development

RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT

“There is enough for everyone’s need and not for any body’s greed” -MAHATAMA GANDHI

INTRODUCTION

• Natural resources occur naturally

within environments that exist relatively undisturbed by

mankind, in a natural form. A natural resource is often

characterized by amounts of

biodiversity and geodiversity existent in

various ecosystems.

WHAT IS IN THE PRESENTATION??

• TYPES OF RESOURCES

• DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCES

• RESOURCE PLANNING

• LAND RESOURCES

• SOIL AS A RESOURCE

TYPES OF RESOURCESRESOURCES

NATURAL HUMAN

RENEWABLE NON RENEWABLE STRUCTURES & INSTITUTIONS

QUANTITY AND QUALITY

RECYCLABLENON

RECYCLABLECONTINUOUS

BIOLOGICAL

NATURAL VEGETATION

WILDLIFE

ON THE BASIS OF ORIGIN

• Biotic resources - These are obtained from

the biosphere . It involves living organisms. Like-

human beings , flora and fauna etc.

• Abiotic resources – All those things that are

made of inorganic materials . Like – Metals , rocks

etc.

ON THE BASIS OF EXHAUSTIBILITY

• Renewable Resources - The resources that can be

renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical &

mechanical processes. For example solar, tidal and

wind energy. 

• Non - Renewable Resources - They occur over a

very long geological time, taking millions of years in

their formation.For eg.minerals, coal.

ON THE BASIS OF OWNERSHIP

• Individual resources: these are owned by

individuals privately. Like land owned by a farmer

allotted to them by government against the

payment of revenue.

• Community owned resources: these include

resources that are accessible to all the members

of the community like the village grazing grounds,

burial groundsetc.

• National resources: technically speaking all the

resources belong to the nation because the

country has legal powers to acquire even private

property for public good.

• International resources: The oceanic resources

beyond 200nautical miles of the Exclusive

Economic Zone belong to open ocean and no

individual country can utilize these without the

consensus of international institutions.

ON THE BASIS OF STATUS OF DEVELOPMENT

• Potential resources: resources which have not been put

to use but are found in a region are called potential

resources. Like Rajasthan and Gujarat can be utilized for

their solar and wind energies .

• Developed resources: it includes resources which are

surveyed and their quality and quantity have been

determined for utilization.

• Stock: the materials in the environment which

have the potential to satisfy human needs but

cannot be used because of technology, are

included among stock.

• Reserves: they are the subset of stock which

are used with the help of existing technical

knowledge. For example water in lakes, dams,

forests etc is a reserve which can be used in the

future.

DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCES

• It is the process of developing the resources in

order to make them useful for satisfying human

wants. Some resources cannot be used directly.

They have to be processed to make them useful

for satisfying our wants.

• Ex: Land has to be cleared and ploughed for

growing crops. Water has to be taken to the field

to irrigate.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT & AGENDA 21

• Sustainable development – It is the

development which is done without

compromising the needs of future generation or

damaging the nature.

• Agenda 21- Aims at achieving global sustainable

development. For diminishing poverty,

environmental damages

RESOURCE PLANNING

• Resource planning in INDIA is done in the

following ways :-

• Identification and inventory of resources by

surveying and mapping.

• Evolving a planning structure.

• Matching the resource development plans with

overall national development plans.

LAND USE IN INDIA

43%

27%

30%

Land under important Relief Features

Plains MountainsPlateaus

Forest area in the

country is far lower

than the desired 33%

of geographical area

as it was outlined in

the National Forest

Policy (1952).

SOIL

• The upper most layer of the earth’s crust which is

loose , broken and useful for plants is called soil.

• Soil is formed mainly due to the process of

weathering. As a result of weathering a layer of

loose rock materials is formed on the land

surface.

SOIL AS A RESOURCE

• Man depends on the soil directly or indirectly for

his food.

• Agriculture can be practiced only if soils are

available.

• Man gets the materials needed for shelter and

clothing directly (or) indirectly from the soil.

• Soils are essential for the growth of forests.

TYPES OF SOILS

• Alluvial soil –Alluvial soil is the most fertile and

wide spread soil found in India.It is formed due to

the deposition of fine silt called alluvium by the

rivers.

• Black soil - Regur soils are called black cotton soils

because they are black in colour and are very good

for cotton cultivation. It is made up of extremely fine

clayey materials.

• Red soils - It is red in colour because of the presence

of iron in it. It is found in Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Andhra

pradesh etc.

• Laterite soils - Laterite soil is formed due to intense

leaching caused by tropical rainfall. Humus content is

less because the micro-organisms get destroyed due

to high temperature.

•

• Arid soils- Arid soils are red or brown in colour.

They are sandy and saline. Humus and moisture

contents are very less. They can be cultivated

after irrigation.

MADE BY GROUP ‘VIII’

The members are:-1. ARYAVARTA GIRI – LEADER2. SHWETA PANT – CO-LEADER3. ADITYA VIKRAM RAWAT4. SHREESH KULIYAL5. AYUSH NAWANI