RESORT DEVELOPMENT IN ESTONIA - ut DEVELOPMENT IN ESTONIA 200 years of traditions University of Tartu Pärnu College ... Alain Corbin Marek Tamm. Kuidas kirjutatakse ajalugu? 2007

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Tiit Kask Research & Development Unit,

Estonian School of Hotel & Tourism Management

RESORT DEVELOPMENT

IN ESTONIA 200 years of traditions

University of Tartu Pärnu College

The Future of Health Tourism: Creativity, Innovation and Sustainability!

Year of Cultural Heritage

Year of Health Tourism

ESTONIA’S SEASIDE RESORTS

HERITAGE

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Baltic Sea – our common “playground”

Kõigist loodusjõududest on meri kõige võimsam, aga ka inimlähedasem.

Viie tuhande aasta eest jõudsime tema äärde, lükkasime kõrvale metsa rohelise eesriide ja tardusime paigale.

Siin me nüüd oleme, ja kõik me kanname endas mere märke.

The sea is the most powerful and yet closest to the man of all the forces of nature.

Five thousand years ago we reached its shores, pushed aside the green curtain of the forest, and froze in our footsteps.

And now here we are, all carrying the marks of the sea within us. Lennart Meri, Hõbevalge, 1976

The lure of the sea ... re-discovery of the seaside

Mind üllatas tõsiasi, et enne 1750. aastaid ei hoolinud keegi randadest, ja seejärel hakati korraga neid massiliselt külastama.

Midagi oli vahepeal juhtunud.

Ma leian, et see on Lääne- Euroopa ajaloos oluline ajahetk, kuna sealtpeale on käigud randa muutunud tavalisteks.

I was suprised by the fact, that before the 1750s, the seaside was not much cared about. Then suddenly they were massively visited.

Something had happened in between.

I consider this to be an important milestone in the history of Western Europe, because since then the visits to the seaside have become common.

Alain Corbin

Marek Tamm. Kuidas kirjutatakse ajalugu? 2007

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Historical retrospect ... the impact factors

Since early 18 C dominating geo- political and socio-cultural impact dacha tradition as socio-cultural phenomenon

Folk medicine traditions & practices

First half of the 18C Cold water resorts; balneotherapy 1860s Fun trips at sea; sailing

Britain France Belgium ...

Finland

Russia

Estland

Lifland

Germany Heiligendamm 1793 the first seaside resort of continental Europe bade culture and practices

local nobility and intellectuals

Source: A. Corbin, 1995; K. Schlossmann, 1939; M. Klinge, 1992; T. Kask , 2011

Pärnu 1838

Haapsalu 1825

Kuressaare 1840

Narva-Jõesuu 1874

Tallinn 1813

First generation of seaside resorts of Estonia Helsinki/Kaivopuisto 1836/38

Jurmala/Dubulti 1814 Kemeri 1838

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Province of Russian Empire

1810s-70s The foundation, spontaneous development and achievement of recognition and popularity of seaside resorts 1880s New growth and prosperity phase caused by local transport development and industrial revolution

1991

1991-1994 The Transition Era New development boom in free market economy situation Recognition and cooperation at the international level

1710 1721

1918 1920

1939 1940 1941

1944

1945

1991

1914 1915

1918

1920s From “places of healing” to “places of fashion and pleasure” The cult of sunbathing 1930s Achievement of international recognition

1944

1940

Soviet Estonia Organised soviet mass health tourism destinations functioning all the year round – Soviet fordism “Non-organised” individual mass tourism predominantly summer vacation on coastal areas

Republic of Estonia

Republic of Estonia

World War II

World War I

The changing periods, geo- and socio-political context of the development of Estonian seaside resorts (after Kask 2004; Saarinen and Kask 2008).

The evolution of the resorts of Estonia according to TALC model. SR – Singing Revolution; EU – joining EU; SA – joining Schengen Area. Compiled by T. Kask (2009)

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The evolution of the resorts of Estonia (solid curve) & the evolution of the resort of Tallinn/Kadriorg (hatched curve) 1813-1916. Compiled by T. Kask (2011)

20-25 000

Seatransport network in 19th century

1837 Stockholm-Turu-Helsinki-Tallinn-St.Petersburg steamboat traffic

1844 St.Petersburg-Riga line

1845 St.Petersburg-Tallinn-Paltiyskiy Port- Haapsalu-Kuressaare-Riga line

1858 Helsinki–Tallinn–Lübeck line Helsinki–Tallinn–Stettin (Szczecin) line

1870s Pärnu-Riga

Allikas: Arensburg ...,1902 Kask, 2012

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Tallinn-St.Petersburg 1870

Riihimäki-St.Petersburg 1870

Riga-Pskov-St.Petersburg 1889

Hämeenlinna- Helsinki 1862

Baltiyskiy Port

Pärnu – Valga 1896

Tallinn- Haapsalu 1904

Railway network in 19th century

1901

1897

1875

1887

T. Kask, 2012

Travel guides and books

• Reval als Bade-Оrt. St. Petersburg, 1816. • Путеводитель по Ревелю и его окрестностям / Изд. с француз. с доп. и

измен. Н. Розанов. СПб., 1839. • Н. С. Самойлов. Гапсаль, древний разрушенный замок в Эст-ляндии и

при оном того же имени уездный город, где пользуются морскими ваннами, с видом замка. СПб., 1842.

• Göbel Fr. Das Seebad bei Pernau an der Ostsee in physikalisch–chemischer und topographisch-statistischer Beziehung. Dorpat; Leip-zig, 1844.

• Кашин А. Остров Эзель и аренсбургские морские купанья. СПб., 1858. • Dorpat Führer. 1879. Dorpat: H. Laakmann, 1879. • Зальцман И. А. Курорт Усть-Нарова (Гунгербург) в историческом,

топографическом и санитарно-медицинском отношении. СПб., 1897.

• Tallinna juht. Tallinn: J. Ploompuu Kirjastus, 1910. • Lyhyt Tallinnan (Räävelin) opas huvimatkailijoille. Helsinki, 1912.

Source: Исаков, C. Заметки о путеводителях по эстонии xix – начала хх вв. 2008.

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The touristic iconography of Tallinn ...

1838 2012

1918

Photo: „Erinnerung an Reval“ (Memory of Reval, 1838) The Digital Collection of the Art Museum of Estonia; Photo: http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallinna_vanalinn; Photo: http://www.ebay.com/itm/1918-REVEL-REVAL-TALLINN-ESTONIA-POSTCARD

Die Karlskirche. Der Badesalon. St. Canuti Gilde. ERM Fk 1523:527, Eesti Rahva Muuseum, http://muis.ee/museaalview/757953

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Bathing Salon in Kadriorg. Kadrioru supelsalong. 1860s-70s. Source: The Digital Collection of the Art Museum of Estonia.

Sea bathing area in Kadriorg. (1870s).

Source: The Digital Collection of the Art Museum of Estonia.

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Views of Haapsalu. Haapsalu vaated. Postcard. Jaan Moik’s private collection.

Bathing huts in Haapsalu. Postcard. Jaan Moik’s private collection..

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Kurhaus in Haaspalu. Postcard. Jaan Moik’s private collection..

Views of Pärnu. Pärnu vaated. Postcard. Jaan Moik’s private collection.

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Pärnu. Villa Klein. Postcard. Jaan Moik’s private collection..

Bathers in Pärnu. Suplejad Pärnus. Photo. Collection of Pärnu Museum.

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Arensburg. Kuressaare vaatealbum (ERM Fk 388:2); Eesti Rahva Muuseum; Faili nimi:025857_ERM_Fk_388_2_4.jpg

Arensburg beach. Kuressaare rand. SM F 3761:1034 F, Saaremaa Muuseum, http://www.muis.ee/museaalview/1633459

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Bathers/Suplejad, SM F 3761:2354 F, Saaremaa Muuseum, http://www.muis.ee/museaalview/1904096

Kurhaus. Kuursaal Narva-Jõesuus, RM F 594:6, SA Virumaa Muuseumid, http://www.muis.ee/museaalview/1760137

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Hungerburg beach. Narva-Jõesuu rand. Postcard. Jaan Moik’s private collection.

Hungerburg beach. Narva-Jõesuu rand. Postcard. Jaan Moik’s private collection.

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The Future of Health Tourism ...

Heritage of Estonian health tourism ...

• Ancient wisdom of sea and land ... – our experience as flexible mediator between East and West – our deeply rooted connection and harmony with nature – our (partly forgotten) folk medicine traditions

• The historic seaside resorts of Estonia ... – the developers, keepers and re-creators of resort traditons – keepers of continuity of Estonian tourism traditions – „importers“ and setters of new trends in Estonia – creators and „exporters“ of image of Estonia – atractive core destinations of Estonia

Creativity, Innovation and Sustainability!

Our ancient wisdom of sea and land and resort heritage in modern western spa concept or package?

Studia Turistica