Residential and Commercial Capacity Absorption Heat Pumps for Space and Domestic Water Heating Applications Michael Garrabrant, Roger Stout, Matthew Blaylock, Christopher Keinath Stone Mountain Technologies, Inc. Johnson City, TN, USA 12 th IEA Heat Pump Conference Rotterdam Netherlands 15 th – 18 th May 2017
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Residential and Commercial Capacity Absorption Heat Pumps ... · v 23.5 kW GAHP Residential Combi (Space and Water Heater) v 41 kW GAHP Commercial Water Heater v 3 kW GAHP Residential
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Residential and Commercial Capacity Absorption Heat Pumps for Space and Domestic Water
Heating Applications
Michael Garrabrant, Roger Stout, Matthew Blaylock, Christopher Keinath
Stone Mountain Technologies, Inc.Johnson City, TN, USA
v Introductionv Modeling and Analysisv 23.5 kW GAHP Residential Combi (Space and Water Heater)v 41 kW GAHP Commercial Water Heaterv 3 kW GAHP Residential Water Heaterv Energy and Economic Savingsv Conclusions
v Offer COP values >> 1v Maintain heating performance at low ambients
v Single-effect ammonia-water absorption heat pumpv SHX & RHX effectiveness of 0.97 & 0.93v Evap-Amb pinch of 3°Cv CHX-Hyd pinch of 3°Cv HCA pinch of 3°Cv Condenser pinch of 10°C
v SE versus GAXv Lower desorber temps than GAX v Better reliability v More options for NC controlv Fewer heat exchangersv Easier to control
v GAHP cycle models for the 23.5, 41 and 3 kW systems that were developed in Engineering Equation Solver (EES) were used to evaluate experimental results
v 23.5 kW of heat at hydronic return/ambient conditions of 37.7/8.3°Cv Target COP_gas,HHV of 1.45 at above conditionsv Size: Approximately 1 square meterv Air-coupled evaporator occupies 64% of total footprintv Stand alone units designed to maintain set hydronic supply or return temperature
v Steady state testing performed with 2nd Generation (Beta) Units v Units performed near design for the range of operating conditions investigated v Maximum Supply Temperature: 71°C
v Steady state testing performed with second prototypev Unit performed within 4% of at hydronic return/ambient conditions of 37.7/8.3°Cv Performance reduced at off-design conditions to within 12% of modelv Maximum Supply Temperature: 71°C
v Steady state testing performed with 3rd Generation Units v Range of water inlet (29-57°C) and ambient (5-20°C) temperatures investigatedv Units performed within 15% of design for the range of operating conditions
investigated
* Heat input from the condensing flue gas heat exchanger is not included
v Residential Water Heating (3 kW)v Demonstrated 50% energy savings compared to non-condensing gas storagev Save $123 per year for average family in U.S.
v Residential Space Heating (23.5 kW) v For U.S. Climate Region IV (aka Chicago)v GAHP = 141% AFUE / 28,597 kWh natural gasv Gas Furnace = AFUE 90% / 45,136 kWh natural gasv Save $994 (assuming $0.62 per m3)
v Commercial Water Heating (41 kW)v GAHP modeled to reduce energy usage by 35% for a Full Service Restaurant,
(8000 L/day), compared to condensing, for 6 warm climate cities in U.S.v Annual energy and operating cost savings range from 48,600 to 55,600 kWh
v The 23.5 kW system is in its 2nd Generation of developmentv AFUE of 141% was achieved (HHV) for -15°C design temperature climate zonev 4:1 modulation was achievedv 2nd Round of Field Testing: 2017/2018
v The 41 kW system is in its 1st Generation of developmentv The unit performed within 4% of design at standard conditionsv Initial Field Testing: 2017/2018
v The 3 kW system is in its 3rd Generation developmentv Demonstrated energy savings of 50% in initial field testsv 4th Round of Field Testing: 2017/2018
v Scalable, Simple, Cost Effective Design Established
v Significant Potential to DeCarb Heating w/o Impacting Grid