Reservoir Management · 2019-04-22 · also learn basic reservoir simulation skills, after which they will use a single pattern simulation model to solve numerous waterfloodevaluation

Reservoir Management Reservoir analysis Waterfloodfieldstudies Reservoirsimulation Gasfieldstudies Unitizationstudies Pressuretransienttestanalysis Enhancedoilrecovery Unconventionalresourceanalysisandvaluation Reservoirsurveillanceprograms Worsecasedischarge(WCD)modeling Waterfloodfeasibilityworkshops Gasstoragefieldplanningandevaluation CO2SequestrationcandidateevaluationFinancial Decisions Propertyevaluations Propertyacquisitions Propertysales Reserve estimates Investmentanalysisandeconomicevaluation DuediligenceGeological Evaluation and Reservoir Characterization Fielddevelopmentstudies Petrophysicalanalysis Coreinterpretation;SCALprogramdesignandoversight Formationevaluationprograms Explorationandevaluationprograms BasinstudiesTraining Waterflooding:PerformancePredictionsandSurveillance SimulationBasedWaterfloodAnalysisTechnical Representation Engineeringandmanagementcommittees Expertwitnesstestimony Mediation

Cobb & Associates Services Provided to Assist With:

Course Outline

•FactorsControllingWaterfloodRecovery

•ReviewofRockPropertiesandFluidFlow

•DeterminationofOilinPlace

•MechanismofImmiscibleFluidDisplacement (displacementsweep)

•FloodPatternsandArealSweepEfficiency

•ReservoirHeterogeneity

•InjectionRatesandPressures

•WaterfloodPerformancePrediction

•WaterfloodSurveillance

•PlanningaWaterflood

This five-day course covers the reservoir engineeringaspects of waterflooding. The seminar combines geology,rockandfluidproperties,andimmiscibledisplacementtheorytodevelopwaterfloodingpredictiontechniquesandtoaidinthe evaluation of actual waterflood performance behavior.Detailedpredictionsofoilandwaterproducingrates,waterinjection rates, and recovery efficiency (areal, vertical, anddisplacement), and an analysis of other variables whichcontrol recoveryefficiencyare included.Alsodiscussedarewaterfloodsurveillancetechniquessuchasproductionplots,WORanalysis,floodableporevolumeversusprimarydepletionpore volume, injection profile testing, pressure transienttesting,step-ratetesting,Hallplots,patternbalancing,bubblemaps,volumetricsweepevaluation,andinjectionefficiencydetermination. These surveillance techniques provide the

engineerwithdata requiredfor theefficientmanagementofboth new and mature waterfloods. Several waterflood casestudiesarereviewed.

Thecourseisideallysuitedforengineersandgeologistswith several years of waterflood experience; however, thecourse ispresented in amanner so thatbothbeginningandexperiencedpersonnelwillfindthematerialveryuseful.Thecoursecontentandexampleproblemshavebeenselectedtoteachandillustrateimportantconcepts.

This course is available to the public several times ayear;checkour scheduleatwww.wmcobb.comfor thenextupcoming course. Upon special request this course can betaughtinhouse,pleasecontactsusformoreinformation.

Instructor

Waterflooding: Performance Predictions and Surveillance

Michael L. Wiggins, Ph.D., P.E.

Illustration: Designs by Mote, Inc.

Course Outline

•Waterfloodtheoryandtraditionalevaluationtechniques

•Reservoirsimulationprinciplesandintroductiontothe Merlinsinglepatternsimulationmodel

•WorkingexampleproblemsinMerlin •Problem1–Buildmodelanddepleteunderprimary production. •Problem2–ConstructmodelwithDykstra-Parsons Vfactor(permeabilityvariation)of0.7andpredict waterfloodperformance. •Problem3–Constructpatternmodelandmake severalrunsvaryingoilviscositybetweenruns. •Problem4–Studysensitivitytovertical permeability.

•Studentsworkwaterfloodproblemsbroughttoclass.

Traditional waterflood evaluation methods can bequite good, but they can also be cumbersome to use. Thesecalculations are typically done by hand, or in spreadsheets,andtheyaretediousandtimeconsuming.Toolsexisttodaytoexpeditethewaterfloodevaluationprocesswhileincorporatingandenhancingtheoreticalwaterfloodprinciples.Onesuchtoolisreservoirsimulationusingasinglepatternmodeltopredictwaterfloodperformanceofatypicalfieldpattern.Suchmodelsare significant improvementsover traditionalmethods in thattheycanincorporatevariablereservoirrockandfluidproperties,fluidsaturations,andprimarydepletion.Patternmodelsallowtheusertotestsensitivitytounknownparameters.Asanaddedbonus,thesemodelsarefastandeasytouse.

This five-day course covers waterflood theory and thetraditional waterflood evaluation techniques. Attendees willalso learn basic reservoir simulation skills, after which they

will use a singlepattern simulationmodel to solvenumerouswaterflood evaluation problems. The example problems arespecificallydesignedtoaddressreal-worldsituationsandtheyalso reinforce theoretical waterflood principles. The specificsoftware used in the course is Merlin, a black oil reservoirsimulationmodel createdandmarketedbyGeminiSolutions,Inc. Thereareothersimulationmodelsavailablewhichhavesimilarcapabilities.Attendeeswillreceiveacomplimentary45dayevaluationlicenseoftheMerlinpatternmodelsoftware.

Individualcomputersandsoftwarewillbeprovided,aswellasdailylunches.

Attendeeswhocompletethecoursewillreceiveacertificatefor4.0ContinuingEducationCredits(CEU)whichisequivalentto40ProfessionalDevelopmentHours(PDH).

Instructor

Simulation Based Waterflood Analysis

Frank J. “Deacon” Marek, P.E

12770 Coit RoadSuite 907 Dallas, Texas 75251Phone: 972.385.0354Fax: 972.788.5165www.wmcobb.com

United StatesAlabamaAlaska(CookInlet;NorthSlope)Arkansas*ArizonaCalifornia(SteamFlood;Offshore;Onshore) ColoradoFloridaIllinois IndianaKansas

InternationalAngolaArgentinaAustraliaAzerbaijanBangladeshBarbadosBelize Bolivia Brazil Canada(includingoilshale)ColombiaCongoDubai

KentuckyLouisiana(includingGulfofMexico)*Michigan(includingCO2 EOR)*Mississippi(includingDeepSourGas)*Montana*NebraskaNewMexico* NewYorkNorthDakota*Ohio*

EquatorialGuineaEgyptFrance GuatemalaHondurasIndonesiaMalaysia Mexico NewZealandNigeriaOmanPeruQatar

Oklahoma*OregonPennsylvania*SouthDakotaTexas(includingGulfofMexico)*Utah*Virginia*WestVirginia*Wyoming*

RussiaSaudiArabiaSouthAfrica(Offshore)Syria ThailandTrinidadTunisiaUnitedKingdomUnitedArabEmiratesVenezuelaWesternSiberiaVietnam Yemen

Areas Worked

*UnconventionalOilandGas.

Randal M. “Randy” Brushis President ofWilliamM.Cobb&Associates,Inc.(Cobb&Associates),hasover39yearsofpetroleumindustryexperience,bothasareservoirengineering consultant with Cobb & Associates since 1995 and as an engineer andmanager at Atlantic Richfield Company from 1980 to 1995. He uses engineeringanalysis,mathematicalmodeling,andappropriatedatacollectionandanalysistechniquestoevaluatetheinjectionofgasandwaterintoundergroundgeologicformationsandtheproductionofoil,gas,andwaterfromthoseformations.

Randyspecializesinreservoirevaluation,management,andsimulationstudiestoestimateoil and gas reserves, and provides ultimate recovery estimates by predicting reservoirperformanceunderalternatedevelopmentplansandvariousreservoirdrivemechanisms.These evaluations typically relate to water injection projects, enhanced oil recoveryprojects(suchasthoseusingCO2,hydrocarbongas,polymer,andsteaminjection),gasstorageprojects,field redevelopment, andCO2 sequestration.Recentprojects includeseveral simulation-based redevelopment evaluations of both sandstone and carbonatereservoirs;gasstorageevaluationsinKansas,Texas,Colorado,andWyoming;domesticandinternationalreservescertificationsusingbothdeterministicandprobabilistictechniques;CO2 miscible and immiscible flood evaluations of both domestic and internationalproperties;reviewingoilandgasreservoirsforCO2sequestration;analyticalscreeningstudiesofwaterfloodcandidates;andthesuccessfulunitizationproceedingsforseveralTexaswaterfloodprojects.

Randy has served as an expert witness on a number of domestic and internationalprojects,andhastestifiedbeforeseveralstateandFederalcourts,regulatoryagencies,andlegislativebodies.HeisamemberoftheSocietyofPetroleumEngineers(SPE),wherehehasbeenatechnicalreviewcommitteememberandSessionChairmanoftheAnnualTechnicalConferenceandExhibitionsince1999,andtheSocietyofPetroleumEvaluationEngineers.RandyhasseveralSPEtechnicalpapersandpublications,andisaregisteredprofessionalengineerinTexas.

EDUCATION

M.S.,PetroleumEngineeringStanfordUniversity,January1981

B.S.,ChemicalEngineering,withhonorsRiceUniversity,May1978

Donald L. Bailey is Senior Vice President of Geosciences forWilliam M. Cobb &Associates,Inc.(Cobb&Associates).Donhasover35yearsofcontinuousprofessionalexperienceintheupstreampetroleumindustry,includingexplorationandproductioninvariousbasinsworldwide.Hehasbeenageosciencesconsultantforover20years.

BeforejoiningCobb&Associatesin1996,DonwasemployedbyChevroninCalifornia,Houston, and SaudiArabia. During his tenurewithChevron, hewas responsible forexploration evaluation and lease management for offshore California, reservoirdevelopmentforonshoreCaliforniaandTexas,andreservoirdescriptionandwaterfloodmaintenancefortheeasternonshorereservoirsofSaudiArabia.Donhasexperienceinawiderangeofcarbonate,siliciclastic,andunconventionalreservoirs.

Don specializes in reservoir characterization through integrated interpretation of logand core analysis data, subsurface and seismic mapping, and cross section studies.His geoscience expertise includes: reservoir characterization, geostatistics, and 3DearthmodelingusingPetrelsoftware;siliciclastic,carbonate,andshalysandformationevaluation/loganalysis;2Dand3Dseismicinterpretation;structuralmappinginavarietyofregimes;regionalstratigraphicstudiesandsequencestratigraphyapplications;fracturedreservoir analysis; siliceous shale oil recovery; waterflood and enhanced recoveryevaluation andmanagement; gas storage evaluation andmanagement; and explorationeconomicevaluationanddecisionanalysis.

Don also has extensive legal support experience in equity disputes, arbitration, andlitigation,includingexpertwitnesstestimony.HeisaregisteredprofessionalgeologistinthestateofTexas.DonisamemberoftheAmericanAssociationofPetroleumGeologists(AAPG)andtheSocietyofPetroleumEngineers(SPE).

EDUCATION

M.B.A.CaliforniaStateUniversity,Bakersfield,June1996

CompletedM.S.Coursework,GeologyUniversityofSouthwesternLouisianaMay1980

B.S.,GeologyMillsapsCollege,May1978

Dr. Michael L. WigginsisDirectorofTechnologyandTrainingandSeniorVicePresidentofWilliamM.Cobb&Associates, Inc.(Cobb&Associates).Prior tohiscurrentrole,MikewaspresidentofanindependentoilandgasproducerandservedasaSeniorVicePresident (2006-2010) and President (2011-2013) ofWilliamM. Cobb&Associates,Inc.Hehasover35yearsofprofessionalexperienceinacademiaandtheupstreamoilandgasindustryincludingdrilling,production,andreservoirengineering.Hisindustryexperience includes employmentwithmajor and independent E&P companies and hehasbeenofferingpetroleumengineeringconsultingservicestotheindustryforover20years.Histechnicalinterestsincludereservoirmanagementandengineering,productionoperations,wellperformance,andproductionoptimization.

Before joining Cobb &Associates in 2006, Mike was a professor of petroleum andgeologicalengineeringattheUniversityofOklahoma,servingonthefacultyfor15years.In this role,he taughtcoursesandconductedresearchrelated toreservoirengineering,productionoperations,andpetroleumprojectevaluation.Hehasco-authorednumerouspapersinhisareasofexpertiseandreceivedresearchfundingfromvariousgovernmentalagencies, international oil companies, and national oil companies. In addition, he hasconducted numerous short courses in the areas of reservoir management, reservoirengineering,waterflooddesignandevaluation,wellcompletions,productionoperations,andpetroleumprojectevaluation.

MikeisaDistinguishedMemberoftheSocietyofPetroleumEngineers(SPE)andhasservedontheSPEBoardofDirectors.HehasbeentheExecutiveEditorforSPEProductionandFacilitiesandhasservedasatechnicaleditorforSPEsince1991.Hehasservedonnumerous program committees for SPE technicalmeetings and served as theGeneralChairmanforthe2016SPEImprovedOilRecoveryConferenceandGeneralChairmanforthe2003SPEProductionandOperationsSymposium.

Mike is a registered professional engineer in the states of Texas and Oklahoma. HisactivitiesatCobb&Associatesincludereservoirstudies,oilandgasreserveevaluationsandaudits,improvedrecoverydesign,educationalcourses,andlitigationsupportincludingexpertwitnessservices.

EDUCATION

Ph.D.PetroleumEngineeringTexasA&MUniversity,May1991

M.Eng.PetroleumEngineeringTexasA&MUniversity,August1988

B.S.PetroleumEngineeringTexasA&MUniversity,May1979

Frank J. “Deacon” Marek isTechnical Advisor / Senior Vice PresidentatWilliamM.Cobb & Associates, Inc. (Cobb & Associates). He has over 39 years of industryexperience with a focus on reservoir engineering and field studies. He has been aconsultingreservoirengineersincejoiningWilliamM.Cobb&Associates,Inc.in1985.

AtCobb&Associates,Deaconhasperformedoilandgasreservestudiesandfieldstudiesforindependent,majorandnationaloilcompanies.Varioustypesofstudiesincludeyear-endreservestudies,acquisition/divestitureanalysis,litigationandregulatorysupport,andenhancedrecoverystudies.WaterfloodfeasibilityandoptimizationstudieshavebecomeaspecialtyofDeacon’s.Hehasconductedmorethan130waterfloodworkshopsinrecentyears,assistingclientsinquicklyidentifyingandquantifyingthewaterfloodpotentialoftheiroilproperties.Deaconhasalsoconductednumerousfield-widewaterfloodstudiesfordomesticandinternationalprojects.

Deacon also has considerable experiencewith producing oil and gas properties in theGulfofMexico,ontheshelfandindeepwater.Hehasassistedseveralclientswithwellpermittingissues,specificallywithworsecasedischarge(WCD)calculationsrequiredbytheBureauofOceanEnergyManagement.

Deacon is amember of theSociety ofPetroleumEngineers (SPE) and theSociety ofPetroleumEvaluationEngineers(SPEE).HehasservedasChairmanoftheDallassectionofbothorganizations,andhewasGeneralChairmanofSPE’sHydrocarbonEconomicsandEvaluationSymposiumin1999.DeaconhasreceivedSPE’sSectionandRegionalServiceAwards,andhewasSPEDallasSectionOutstandingEngineerin2005.

DeaconisaregisteredprofessionalengineerinthestateofTexas.

EDUCATION

B.S.,PetroleumEngineeringTexasA&MUniversity,May1977

Robert E. Williams, Jr. is Senior Geologist / GeoSystemsManager forWilliamM.Cobb & Associates, Inc. (Cobb & Associates). Robert has over 20 years ofexperience as a consultant geologist in exploration and production in a variety ofbasinsthroughouttheworld.

Robert specializes in comprehensive structural and stratigraphic geologicalinterpretations using various software packages, including Petra, Geographix,Apprentice, Kingdom, PowerLog and Transform. He is responsible for reservoircharacterization through integration of core, well log, and seismic data. He hasexperience organizing and maintaining digital databases and data rooms foracquisitions and divestitures. His geoscience expertise includes: structural,isopach and reservoir parameter mapping; 2D and 3D seismic interpretation;well log interpretation; cross sectioninterpretation and construction, and technicalspreadsheet data evaluation; Robert also has experience performing geologicalsupport for worse case discharge (WCD)calculationsforGOMdrillingpermits.

Roberthaslegalsupportexperienceinequitydisputes,arbitration,andlitigation.HeisaregisteredprofessionalgeologistinthestateofTexas.HeisamemberoftheAmericanAssociation of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG), the Society of Petroleum Engineers(SPE)andDallasGeologicalSociety(DGS).

RobertisalsothesystemadministratoratCobb&Associates.Hisdailyresponsibilitiesinclude maintaining our email server, data server, network, printers, website,phonesystem,andvoicemailsystem.Healsoprovideshardwareandsoftwaretechnicalsupportforallusers.

Before joiningCobb&Associates in2001,RobertwasemployedbyGaffney-Cline&Associates(GCA)inDallas.DuringhistimeatGCA,hewasresponsiblefordigitizingorcreatingstructureandnetpaymapsforreservoirvolumetriccalculations.WhilewithGCA, Robert acquired significant Russian well log evaluation experience. Robertworkedcloselywiththeengineerstodeterminereservoircharacteristics.Healsowasanassistantsystemadministratorhelpingwithdailyoperations(emailserver,dataserver),aswellastechnicalsupportforapproximately25employeesonvarioussoftware.

EDUCATION

B.S.inGeologyOklahomaStateUniversity–Stillwater,OklahomaDec.1991

Robert E. Williams, Jr. is Senior Geologist / GeoSystems Manager for William M. Cobb

& Associates, Inc. (Cobb & Associates). Robert has over 18 years of experience as a

consultant geologist in exploration and production in a variety of basins throughout the

world.

Robert specializes in comprehensive structural and stratigraphic geological interpretations

using various software packages, including Geographix, Apprentice, Petra, and SMT. He

is responsible for reservoir characterization through integration of core, well log, and

seismic data. He has experience organizing and maintaining digital databases and data

rooms for acquisitions and divestitures. His geoscience expertise includes: structural,

isopach and reservoir parameter mapping; 2D and 3D seismic interpretation; well log

interpretation; cross section interpretation and construction, and technical spreadsheet

data evaluation; Robert also has experience performing geological support for worse case

discharge (WCD) calculations for GOM drilling permits.

Robert has legal support experience in equity disputes, arbitration, and litigation. He is a

registered professional geologist in the state of Texas. He is a member of the American

Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG), the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)

and Dallas Geological Society (DGS).

Robert is also the system administrator at Cobb & Associates. His daily responsibilities

include maintaining our email server, data server, network, printers, website, phone

system, and voice mail system. He also provides hardware and software technical support

for all users.

Before joining Cobb & Associates in 2001, Robert was employed by Gaffney-Cline &

Associates (GCA) in Dallas. During his time at GCA, he was responsible for digitizing

or creating structure and net pay maps for reservoir volumetric calculations. While with

GCA, Robert acquired significant Russian well log evaluation experience. Robert worked

closely with the engineers to determine reservoir characteristics. He also was an assistant

system administrator helping with daily operations (email server, data server), as well as

technical support for approximately 25 employees on various software.

EDUCATION

B.S. in Geology

Oklahoma State University – Stillwater, Oklahoma Dec. 1991

Jim C. Bennett is a Senior Reservoir Engineer at William M. Cobb & Associates, Inc.

(Cobb & Associates). He has over 22 years of industry experience with a focus on reservoir

engineering and field studies. He has been a consulting reservoir engineer and worked for

major oil and gas operators prior to joining William M. Cobb & Associates, Inc. in April

2018.

Prior to joining Cobb and Associates, Jim has worked primarily as a reservoir engineer

responsible for ConocoPhillips assets in Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma and

Alaska. These responsibilities included field development planning and reserve evaluation

for conventional, unconventional, and enhanced oil recovery projects. Jim has also worked

internationally for Shell and Origin Energy in New Zealand and Australia, where his

responsibilities included offshore gas-condensate reservoir management as well as onshore

heavy-oil thermal waterflooding.

At Cobb & Associates, Jim has performed oil and gas reserve studies, field studies,

acquisition/divestiture analysis, and enhanced recovery studies. Waterflood feasibility and

optimization studies are areas of emphasis. He has extensive experience in secondary and

tertiary recovery operations, assisting clients in quickly identifying and quantifying the

waterflood potential of their oil properties.

Jim has extensive skills with reservoir evaluation tools and principles, including well

testing, reservoir simulation, decline analysis, recovery forecasting, and economic evalua-

tions with numerous applications in both conventional and unconventional reservoirs.

Jim is a member of the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) and has served as Chairman

of the New Zealand Section in 2015 and 2016.

EDUCATION

B.S., Petroleum Engineering with Distinction

University of Oklahoma, May 1996

Jim C. Bennett

Andrea S. Mielcarek joinedCobb&AssociatesinMayof2009asastaffengineer.InthisroleshesupportsprojectsincludingSECreservereporting,propertyevaluationsforsalesandacquisitions,andduediligencereviewsforlendinginstitutions.Herexperienceincludes oil and gas reserve estimation and economic evaluation through traditionalreservoirengineeringmethods.AndreaisproficientintheAIRESandPHDWineconomicsoftwarepackages.

PriortojoiningCobb&Associates,Andreaworkedasamanufacturingprocessengineerfor3Mwhere she supporteddailymanufacturingoperations,managedproductqualityissuesandledprocessoptimizationprojects.

EDUCATION

B.S.ChemicalEngineeringTexasA&MUniversity,May2005

Engineering:

• William M. Cobb–Ph.D.degreeinPetroleumEngineeringfromStanford

University.Billhasover40yearsofexperienceasapetroleumengineering

consultantspecializinginwaterflooding,pressuretransientanalysis,andproperty

management.Hehasconductednumerousone-weekshortcoursesonthesubjects ofwaterflooding,pressuretransientanalysis,andpetroleumeconomics.Hisindustry experienceincludesemploymentwithmajorandindependentoilcompanies.

• M. Fred Duewall – B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from TexasA&M

University.Fredisaregisteredprofessionalengineerwithover38yearsofexperience intheoilandgasindustry.Fredspecializesinauditingpetroleumassetsforlending

institutionsanddeterminingthevalueofpropertiesforpotentialacquisitionorsale.

Geology, Geophysics, and Petrophysics:

• J. Frederick “Rick” Sarg – Ph.D. degree in Geology from the University ofWisconsin.Overthirty(30)yearsofextensivepetroleumexplorationandproductionexperienceinresearch,supervisory,andoperationsassignments.Rickwasamemberoftheexplorationresearchgroupthatdevelopedsequencestratigraphy,wherehisemphasis was on carbonate sequence concepts. He has authored or co-authoredtwenty-seven(27)papersoncarbonatesedimentologyandstratigraphy.

• Joseph R. “Joe” Davis–Ph.D.degreeinGeologyfromtheUniversityofTexas.Overthirty(30)yearsoftechnicalandsupervisoryexperiencewithmajoroilandgascompanies,independentoilandgascompanies,andconsulting.Joeisanexpertgeophysicalinterpreterandhaswide-ranginggeophysicalandgeologicalexperienceinavarietyofbasinsworldwide.Joehasextensiveexperienceasanexpertwitnessinlegaldisputesandarbitration.