Volume 20(4), 116- 119, 2016 JOURNAL of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology www.journal-hfb.usab-tm.ro 116 Researches regarding the obtaining of new potato varieties by identifying of valuable breeding lines at NIRDPSB Brasov Ștefan Floriana Maria 1* , Hermeziu Manuela 1 , Hermeziu R. 1 , Bărăscu Nina 1 National Institute of Research and Development for Potato and Sugar Beet Brasov *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]Abstract In the context of continuous change of consumer demands, evolution of crop technologies and the accentuated variability of climate conditions is necessary to create new potato varieties that contribute at the raise of quality standards. The researches undertaken in the 2012-2016 period are covered by the breeding program of NIRDPSB Brasov and runs through the gathering of information concerning the existing and available genetic resources and led at the identification of new genotypes with improved genetic traits. The biological material is represented by 3 breeding lines and was obtained by sexual hybridization and subjected to the process of clonal selection. During the breeding process, the perspective lines were assessed in terms of morphological characteristics, production and resistance to late blight, viruses and wart disease, culinary quality and earliness, evaluation criteria required at the proposal for testing in the ISTIS network. Key words potato, clonal selection, breeding lines, varieties Potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.) in accordance with the statistics published is of global importance, occupying the 4th position [4] and represents in the vision of ONU and FAO one of the viable solutions for present and future in eradicating poverty and hunger [2, 3]. To exceed the ceilings production and resistance made of cropped varieties is needed a genetic breeding [1]. Given the increasing pressure of abiotic factors and challenges of adaptability to new climatic conditions, potato breeding works are permanently oriented to the optimization of varieties assortment grown today. Creation of potato varieties is an ongoing process that must keep pace with changing environmental conditions, with increasing aggressiveness and widening pathogenicity of pathogen agents, due to the emergence of new breeds, strains, biotypes and pathotypes, but also the ever increasing demands of producers and consumers [5]. Material and Method The breeding work within NIRDPSB Brasov is continuos and oriented towards creating an initial breeding material that contributes at the obtaining of new potato varieties, by achieving goals of productivity under thermo-hydric stress, earliness, resistance to late blight (Phytopthora infestans), resistance to potato leafroll virus (PLRV) and potato virus Y (PVY), suitability to mechanization, superior culinary quality. The biological material is represented by 3 breeding lines with superior characteristics: 12-1605 / 2 13-1642 / 6 13-1633 / 2 The method of obtaining breeding lines is sexual hybridization, performed after a good drawn up plan. The effective sexual hybridization comprises four stages: 1. Choosing the parents 2. Preparation of inflorescence (flowers castration) 3. Pollination 4. Clonal selection The clonal selection was done from the first year, aiming appearance, vigor and resistance to pests and diseases of plants and subsequently tubers (shape, color, eye depth, number of tubers, etc.). Results and Discussions The breeding process, in addition to careful study of the parents has a well-established procedure, aiming at a rigorous schema, lasting 10-12 years: Year I – Seed field (first generative hybrid population) Years II-IV - Selection field - vegetative hybrid populations (P1-P3) Years V-VII - Selection field – vegetative descendants (D1 and D2) Years VIII-IX – Comparative cultures of orientation years I and II
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Volume 20(4), 116- 119, 2016 JOURNAL of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology www.journal-hfb.usab-tm.ro
116
Researches regarding the obtaining of new potato varieties by identifying of valuable breeding lines at NIRDPSB Brasov Ștefan Floriana Maria1*, Hermeziu Manuela1, Hermeziu R.1, Bărăscu Nina1
National Institute of Research and Development for Potato and Sugar Beet Brasov *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
Abstract In the context of continuous change of consumer demands, evolution of crop technologies and the accentuated variability of climate conditions is necessary to create new potato varieties that contribute at the raise of quality standards.
The researches undertaken in the 2012-2016 period are covered by the breeding program of NIRDPSB Brasov and runs through the gathering of information concerning the existing and available genetic resources and led at the identification of new genotypes with improved genetic traits.
The biological material is represented by 3 breeding lines and was obtained by sexual hybridization and subjected to the process of clonal selection. During the breeding process, the perspective lines were assessed in terms of morphological characteristics, production and resistance to late blight, viruses and wart disease, culinary quality and earliness, evaluation criteria required at the proposal for testing in the ISTIS network.
Key words potato, clonal selection, breeding lines, varieties
Potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.) in
accordance with the statistics published is of global
importance, occupying the 4th position [4] and
represents in the vision of ONU and FAO one of the
viable solutions for present and future in eradicating
poverty and hunger [2, 3]. To exceed the ceilings
production and resistance made of cropped varieties is
needed a genetic breeding [1].
Given the increasing pressure of abiotic
factors and challenges of adaptability to new climatic
conditions, potato breeding works are permanently
oriented to the optimization of varieties assortment
grown today. Creation of potato varieties is an ongoing
process that must keep pace with changing
environmental conditions, with increasing
aggressiveness and widening pathogenicity of
pathogen agents, due to the emergence of new breeds,
strains, biotypes and pathotypes, but also the ever
increasing demands of producers and consumers [5].
Material and Method
The breeding work within NIRDPSB Brasov
is continuos and oriented towards creating an initial
breeding material that contributes at the obtaining of
new potato varieties, by achieving goals of productivity
under thermo-hydric stress, earliness, resistance to late
blight (Phytopthora infestans), resistance to potato
leafroll virus (PLRV) and potato virus Y (PVY),
suitability to mechanization, superior culinary quality.
The biological material is represented by 3
breeding lines with superior characteristics:
12-1605 / 2
13-1642 / 6
13-1633 / 2
The method of obtaining breeding lines is
sexual hybridization, performed after a good drawn up
plan. The effective sexual hybridization comprises four
stages:
1. Choosing the parents
2. Preparation of inflorescence (flowers castration)
3. Pollination
4. Clonal selection
The clonal selection was done from the first
year, aiming appearance, vigor and resistance to pests
and diseases of plants and subsequently tubers (shape,
color, eye depth, number of tubers, etc.).
Results and Discussions
The breeding process, in addition to careful
study of the parents has a well-established procedure,
aiming at a rigorous schema, lasting 10-12 years:
Year I – Seed field (first generative hybrid population)
Years II-IV - Selection field - vegetative hybrid
populations (P1-P3)
Years V-VII - Selection field – vegetative descendants
(D1 and D2)
Years VIII-IX – Comparative cultures of orientation
years I and II
117
Years X-XII – Comparative culture of concurrence
Passing in the fields in populations 1, 2, 3,
then in descendants 1 and 2 focused on two selection
processes, namely:
- selection during vegetation, where was followed the
appearance and plant vigor, and resistance to pests and
diseases;
- the second selection was made at harvest, where was
monitored productivity and cultural quality (shape
tubers, peel and pulp color, eyes depth).
The selection process of breeding lines
evaluated in the present work was carried out following
the breeding scheme and the progress of the selection
(the number of selected clones) over the years is shown
in Table 1.
Table 1
The evolution of selection material during 2012-2016
As vegetation period falls in the medium early
(95-110 days) and are suitable for all traditional areas
of cropping potato. Shows good production capacity
and superior agronomic traits. In Photo 1 are set some
general aspects of the breeding field, from planting to
harvesting.
a b
Selection material Year
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Populations 1 3813 1740 388 3211 813
Populations 2 270 428 112 98 208
Populations 3 96 70 83 38 17
Descendents 1 29 40 25 57 28
Descendents 2 32 23 25 15 30
Breeding lines 21 29 40 21 14
118
c d
Photo.1 General aspects of the breeding field. a,b. the biologic material planting; c. the breeding lines in vegetations;
d. breeding lines harvesting
Once completed the selection and breeding
lines identified, we tested their resistance to wart
disease (Synchitrium endobioticum), at the National
Center Test for Resistance to Potato Wart Disease from
Pojorâta Suceava. Only lines with resistance to wart
disease have the perspective approval as new varieties.
Lines studied were found to be resistant to biotype D1,
only one identified in Romania.
At the same time, is performed the
examination for resistance to late blight (Phytophthora
infestans) and resistance to potato virus Y [Solanum
virus 2(SCHMIT)] and potato leafroll virus PLRV
(Solanum virus 14). Thus, the breeding lines showed a
medium resistance at the late blight attack on leafs and
a good resistance at the attack of late blight on tubers.
At viruses, the breeding lines have expressed a good
resistance at potato virus Y and a medium resistance at
potato leafroll virus (PLRV) and at potato viruses X,
S, M. The breeding lines resistance to these deseases
was evaluated within NIRDPSB Braşov.
The culinary quality of these breeding lines is
an appreciative criteria, by which the breeding lines
were classified in quality classes according to some
specifications of appearance, taste, color, boiling